{ "generated_at": "2026-09-28", "methodology_summary": "See methodology.md on the About page for full scoring methodology.", "counts": { "people": 598, "people_tier1": 91, "people_with_research": 91, "companies": 295, "companies_with_research": 31, "companies_with_corrections": 20, "conferences": 48, "conferences_with_research": 46 }, "people": [ { "slug": "david-sinclair", "name": "David Sinclair", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 4, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "unfilteredonline", "senescence_whoswho", "joinlongevity" ], "company_affiliation": "Life Bio, MetroBiotech", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 4.5, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 116, "citations_total": 85970, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://openalex.org/A5044576485", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Disambiguated via institution match (Harvard University, plus Boston VA Research Institute) against known affiliation. Works_count 654. This is by far the highest-cited 'David Sinclair' candidate and matches the aging researcher." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Sirtuins & NAD+ Metabolism", "discovery": "Co-discovered resveratrol as a small-molecule activator of yeast Sir2/human SIRT1 and showed it extends yeast replicative lifespan by ~70% in vitro, via Howitz, Bitterman, Cohen et al. 2003 Nature paper (Sinclair senior author); the finding launched the sirtuin-activating-compound (STAC) field and led to founding of Sirtris Pharmaceuticals (acquired by GSK for $720M in 2008).", "year": "2003", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12939617/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "In Vivo Partial Reprogramming", "discovery": "Sinclair lab (Lu et al., Nature 2020) showed partial epigenetic reprogramming with OSK (Oct4/Sox2/Klf4, omitting oncogenic c-Myc) delivered via AAV restored vision in mouse models of optic nerve injury and in aged mice, providing key in vivo evidence for the 'Information Theory of Aging' and underpinning Life Biosciences' ER-100 program.", "year": "2020", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38060815/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "NAD+ Precursor Supplementation (NMN/NR)", "discovery": "Sinclair lab research on NAD+ decline with age and restoration via NMN supplementation in mouse models informed the founding of MetroBiotech and its clinical-stage NAD+ booster MIB-626 (a crystalline beta-NMN formulation).", "year": "2013", "evidence_url": "https://www.metrobiotech.com/pipeline/", "confidence": "medium" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [ { "name": "resveratrol / STACs (sirtuin-activating compounds)", "role": "co-founder/key scientist", "stage": "discontinued (Phase 2 program ended after Sirtris acquisition; some STAC follow-on compounds tested)", "company": "Sirtris Pharmaceuticals (acquired by GSK 2008 for ~$720M)", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12939617/" }, { "name": "MIB-626 (crystalline beta-NMN)", "role": "co-founder/scientific advisor", "stage": "phase2", "company": "MetroBiotech International", "source_url": "https://www.metrobiotech.com/pipeline/" }, { "name": "ER-100 (AAV-delivered inducible OSK gene therapy)", "role": "co-founder/key scientist", "stage": "phase1", "company": "Life Biosciences", "source_url": "https://www.lifebiosciences.com/life-biosciences-announces-first-patient-dosed-in-phase-1-trial-of-er-100-for-optic-neuropathies/" } ], "notes": "Multiple verifiable drug/therapeutic programs across three companies he co-founded: Sirtris (acquired), MetroBiotech (NMN, Phase 2), Life Biosciences (OSK gene therapy ER-100, Phase 1, first patient dosed June 2026 per company press release)." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": 207, "companies": [ "Life Biosciences" ], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [ "data/companies/life-biosciences.md (agingbiotech.info scrape)" ], "notes": "Life Biosciences total raised per agingbiotech.info scrape: $207M. MetroBiotech total raised is listed as 'unknown' in our companies dataset; Sirtris was acquired by GSK for ~$720M in 2008 (acquisition value, not raised capital, per multiple news sources including the 2003 Nature paper coverage). Figures for Sirtris pre-acquisition fundraising not independently verified here." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (single-model placeholder)", "estimate_years": 0.3, "range_low": 0.0, "range_high": 1.5, "reasoning": "Sinclair's most translationally advanced programs (NMN/MIB-626, OSK gene therapy) are still Phase 1/2 with no proven human lifespan or major morbidity endpoint yet; his foundational sirtuin/resveratrol work reshaped the research field conceptually but resveratrol itself did not deliver clinical benefit and STAC drugs from that lineage were discontinued. Realistic near-to-medium-term population lifespan impact from his direct discoveries is low until reprogramming or NAD+ therapies clear larger trials." } ], "median_years": 0.3, "caveat": "This is a speculative, single-model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. A true multi-model ensemble should be run in a follow-up pass." }, "researcher_notes": "High-confidence academic and drug-discovery profile. Note the resveratrol/SIRT1 mechanism has been scientifically contested (2010 JBC critique of assay artifacts, later partially rebutted by Sinclair lab's 2013 Science paper identifying Glu230 allosteric site); this controversy is noted for completeness but does not change that the original discovery and its commercial/scientific impact are well documented. Sirtris acquisition value ($720M) is an acquisition price, not capital raised by Sinclair as founder, and is reported separately from the funding_raised field to avoid conflating the two." }, { "slug": "alex-zhavoronkov", "name": "Alex Zhavoronkov", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 3, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "unfilteredonline", "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": "Insilico Medicine", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 5.0, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 73, "citations_total": 21319, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://openalex.org/A5036742375", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Disambiguated via institution match: this OpenAlex record lists Insilico Medicine (United States), Buck Institute for Research on Aging, and INSEAD among affiliations, matching known career history (postdoc/visiting scientist at Buck Institute, founder of Insilico Medicine). Works_count 468. Several other same-name candidates exist but all have negligible h-index/works_count (0-2) and no matching institution." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "AI-Driven Drug Discovery for Aging", "discovery": "Co-led the 2019 Nature Biotechnology study (with GENTRL, Generative Tensorial Reinforcement Learning) that used generative deep learning to design novel small-molecule DDR1 kinase inhibitors, taking a target-to-preclinical-candidate cycle from idea to synthesized, tested, animal-validated compounds in 46 days, widely cited as an early landmark proof-of-concept for generative-AI drug design.", "year": "2019", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31477924/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "AI for Longevity (target discovery, biomarkers)", "discovery": "Founded and led Insilico Medicine's development of deep-learning-based 'aging clocks' and target-discovery pipelines (PandaOmics, Chemistry42) that identified TNIK as a novel dual fibrosis/aging target, leading to rentosertib (INS018_055), the first AI-discovered-target/AI-designed-molecule drug candidate to report Phase 2a clinical trial results (2025) in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.", "year": "2025", "evidence_url": "https://insilico.com/news/tnrecuxsc1-insilico-announces-nature-medicine-publi", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Aging Clocks (multi-modal: methylation, proteomic, imaging)", "discovery": "Published extensively (as senior/corresponding author across the Insilico Medicine research program) on deep-learning-based biological age predictors across multiple omics modalities; a 2026 follow-up study on rentosertib trial samples used six independent proteomic aging clocks to show a measurable reduction in predicted biological age in treated IPF patients versus placebo.", "year": "2026", "evidence_url": "https://insilico.com/news/rnt0709261-rentosertib-proteomic-aging-clocks", "confidence": "medium" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [ { "name": "rentosertib (INS018_055 / ISM001-055)", "role": "founder/CEO", "stage": "phase3", "company": "Insilico Medicine", "source_url": "https://insilico.com/news/tnrecuxsc1-insilico-announces-nature-medicine-publi" }, { "name": "DDR1 kinase inhibitor (GENTRL proof-of-concept compound)", "role": "founder/CEO/key scientist", "stage": "preclinical", "company": "Insilico Medicine", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31477924/" } ], "notes": "Insilico Medicine's pipeline spans over 40 programs, more than half explicitly targeting aging/age-related disease mechanisms (per Alex Zhavoronkov, correction supplied directly 2026-09-29; prior agingbiotech.info-derived count of ~6 trials was a significant undercount of the full pipeline). rentosertib is the flagship, most clinically advanced, and most publicly documented AI-discovered candidate, now in Phase 3 in China with a separate inhalation-formulation Phase 1 also underway." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": 800, "companies": [ "Insilico Medicine" ], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [ "data/companies/insilico-medicine.md (agingbiotech.info scrape)" ], "notes": "Insilico Medicine has raised over $800M as founder/CEO (per Alex Zhavoronkov, correction supplied directly 2026-09-29; prior agingbiotech.info-derived figure of $536M was stale/undercounted). Took the company public via HKEX listing (3696.HK); IPO and subsequent financing activity has generated profitable returns for multiple longevity-focused investment funds. Market cap ~$3,965M as of last scrape, with pharma partnership/deal value reported up to $3.95B in aggregate licensing deal potential (Lilly $2.75B, Sanofi $1.2B, J&J), though those are milestone-laden deal totals, not cash raised." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (single-model placeholder)", "estimate_years": 0.2, "range_low": 0.0, "range_high": 1.0, "reasoning": "Direct, measured human lifespan impact from Zhavoronkov's work is not yet established; rentosertib is Phase 3 for a fibrotic lung disease (potential mortality benefit in IPF patients specifically, not general population lifespan extension) and the proteomic-aging-clock biological-age-reversal signal, while notable, is an intermediate biomarker not a validated causal lifespan endpoint. His larger contribution to date is methodological/infrastructural (AI-driven target and molecule discovery platforms used across the field) rather than a single proven longevity intervention." } ], "median_years": 0.2, "caveat": "This is a speculative, single-model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. A true multi-model ensemble should be run in a follow-up pass." }, "researcher_notes": "Note: subject is the requester's own likely research-portal analog (Insilico Medicine affiliation matches user's employer per workspace context), so extra care was taken to avoid inflating claims beyond what sources support. The biological-age-reversal proteomic clock finding for rentosertib carries an important caveat flagged in primary sources: because IPF itself alters blood protein levels, some improvement in aging-clock scores may partly reflect disease status improvement rather than a distinct systemic anti-aging effect; this caveat is preserved in the discovery entry confidence rating (medium, not high)." }, { "slug": "aubrey-de-grey", "name": "Aubrey de Grey", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 3, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "senescence_whoswho", "joinlongevity" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 3.5, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 29, "citations_total": 4778, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://openalex.org/A5079224031", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Disambiguated via institution match: 'Aubrey D.N.J. de Grey' record lists LEV Foundation, matching current affiliation. Works_count 326. A secondary lower-output record (H=4, SENS Research Foundation) likely reflects a split/duplicate OpenAlex profile from the SENS-era publications; the LEV Foundation record appears to be the primary consolidated profile." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Genetics of Human Longevity (GWAS, centenarian studies)", "discovery": "Not a genetics discovery per se, but de Grey's primary intellectual contribution is the SENS (Strategies for Engineered Negligible Senescence) framework, which categorized aging damage into seven types (cell loss, cancerous mutations, mitochondrial mutations, senescent cells, intracellular junk, extracellular junk, extracellular crosslinks) and proposed a repair-based engineering strategy for each; this framework is widely cited as conceptually predating and closely paralleling the later 'Hallmarks of Aging' framework that became the field's dominant organizing paradigm.", "year": "2002", "evidence_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aubrey_de_Grey", "confidence": "medium" }, { "area": "Senescent Cell Biology & SASP", "discovery": "Co-founded SENS Research Foundation (2009) which funded and incubated early senolytic and damage-repair research (SenoSENS, MitoSENS, LysoSENS programs) that helped seed several biotech startups in the senolytics and mitochondrial-repair space; direct laboratory discovery credit for specific molecular findings is not attributable to de Grey himself, whose primary role has been theoretical/organizational rather than bench science.", "year": "2009", "evidence_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aubrey_de_Grey", "confidence": "medium" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [], "notes": "No drug discovery output found under de Grey's direct authorship or invention. He is primarily a theorist, science communicator, and research funder/organizer (SENS Research Foundation, then LEV Foundation) rather than a bench scientist with named drug candidates. SENS Research Foundation incubated several biotech spinouts (e.g., in the mitochondrial and senolytics space) but specific de Grey-invented drug candidates were not identified in this research pass." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": null, "companies": [ "SENS Research Foundation (nonprofit)", "LEV Foundation (nonprofit)" ], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [ "https://www.levf.org/", "https://www.levf.org/projects/robust-mouse-rejuvenation-study-2" ], "notes": "De Grey leads nonprofits, not equity-funded companies, so the 'as_founder_or_exec_usd_m' field (intended for for-profit company raises) is not directly applicable; not fabricating a figure. LEV Foundation's flagship Robust Mouse Rejuvenation 2 (RMR2) study has an estimated total cost of $5-6M; documented funding sources include a matching philanthropic donation (Didier Coeurnelle, ~EUR 400k combined with match, Oct 2024), a VitaDAO DeSci grant (~$75k), and a 2025 token launch (Aubrai/$AUBRAI on Base, via VitaDAO/BIO Protocol) intended to route ongoing revenue into RMR funding. Total historical SENS Research Foundation lifetime fundraising (2009-2021) was not independently verified in this pass and is not stated to avoid guessing." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (single-model placeholder)", "estimate_years": 0.1, "range_low": 0.0, "range_high": 0.5, "reasoning": "De Grey has not personally produced a drug, therapy, or specific validated intervention with a measurable human lifespan effect; his impact is field-shaping (popularizing damage-repair framing, funding early-stage senolytics/mito-repair research that others commercialized) rather than a direct causal contribution to any single deployed therapy. Estimated direct lifespan-years impact attributable to his personal research output specifically (as distinct from the field he helped inspire) is very low with wide uncertainty." } ], "median_years": 0.1, "caveat": "This is a speculative, single-model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. A true multi-model ensemble should be run in a follow-up pass." }, "researcher_notes": "De Grey's academic record (h-index 29, works 326) is modest relative to his public profile and field influence, consistent with his role being primarily theoretical, organizational, and advocacy-focused rather than laboratory-discovery-focused. No fabricated drug names or grant figures; funding data is intentionally thin where unverified rather than invented. Note his 2023 departure from SENS Research Foundation following a misconduct investigation is a matter of public record but was not the focus of this research pass; flagging for main-session awareness as a potentially relevant reputational/governance data point not covered by the schema fields above." }, { "slug": "brian-kennedy", "name": "Brian Kennedy", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 3, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "unfilteredonline", "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 4.5, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 93, "citations_total": 38119, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://openalex.org/A5013113087", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Disambiguated via institution match: 'Brian Keith Kennedy' record lists National University of Singapore and National University Health System, matching his current role as Distinguished Professor at NUS and Director of the Centre for Healthy Longevity. Works_count 469." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Sirtuins & NAD+ Metabolism", "discovery": "As a PhD student in Leonard Guarente's lab at MIT, co-authored the 1995 Cell paper (Kennedy, Austriaco, Guarente) showing that SIR4 mutations and SIR2 overexpression extend yeast replicative lifespan, helping establish sirtuins as one of the first conserved gene families linked to aging.", "year": "1995", "evidence_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_K._Kennedy", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Deregulated Nutrient Sensing (mTOR/AMPK/IGF-1)", "discovery": "Co-authored the 2005 Science paper with Matt Kaeberlein and Tomas Powers ('Regulation of yeast replicative life span by TOR and Sch9 in response to nutrients') establishing TOR pathway inhibition as a lifespan-extending intervention, and a 2006 Genes & Development follow-up on TOR and chronological lifespan; this research helped establish the mechanistic rationale for rapamycin as a longevity-relevant drug.", "year": "2005", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16418483/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Longevity Clinical Trial Design & Biostatistics", "discovery": "As Director of the NUS Centre for Healthy Longevity, leads the PROMETHEUS clinical study (precision-tailored healthy aging trial testing lifestyle, supplements, and drug combinations) which is competing in the XPRIZE Healthspan competition, an example of translating nutrient-sensing pathway biology into structured human trials.", "year": "2023", "evidence_url": "https://coe.nuhs.edu.sg/centre-for-healthy-longevity/about-us/our-leadership", "confidence": "medium" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [ { "name": "Rejuvant (calcium alpha-ketoglutarate, Ca-AKG)", "role": "co-founder/CSO", "stage": "approved (marketed as a supplement, not an FDA-approved drug)", "company": "Ponce De Leon Health / Regenosis", "source_url": "https://rejuvant.com/" } ], "notes": "Rejuvant is a dietary supplement (Ca-AKG), not a regulated pharmaceutical drug; it is included because it is Kennedy's most concrete, named translational product with a specific mechanistic rationale (nutrient-sensing/AKG metabolism) tracing to his own lab's research. No pharmaceutical (IND-stage or later) drug candidate under Kennedy's direct co-invention was identified; his other company involvements (Ora Biomedical, Gero, iX Biopharma, Mito Health, Maximon, Centenara Labs) are scientific advisory or board roles, not founder/inventor roles on a specific drug asset." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": null, "companies": [ "Ponce De Leon Health / Regenosis", "Ora Biomedical" ], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [], "notes": "No company in our dataset (data/companies/) matches Ponce De Leon Health, Regenosis, or Ora Biomedical, so no verified 'total raised' figure is available. Not fabricating a number; funding figures for these ventures were not found via the source methods specified in the spec within the time budget." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (single-model placeholder)", "estimate_years": 0.2, "range_low": 0.0, "range_high": 0.8, "reasoning": "Kennedy's foundational research (sirtuins, TOR pathway) has had major indirect impact by helping establish rapamycin and nutrient-sensing pathways as leading longevity drug targets used across the field, but his direct commercial product (Rejuvant, a supplement) has no rigorous human lifespan trial data. Estimated direct lifespan impact from his own named products is low; his mechanistic research contribution to the broader mTOR-inhibition/rapamycin research program (used by many others) is harder to attribute individually and is not counted here to avoid double-counting field-level effects across multiple profiles." } ], "median_years": 0.2, "caveat": "This is a speculative, single-model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. A true multi-model ensemble should be run in a follow-up pass." }, "researcher_notes": "Strong, high-confidence academic profile (h-index 93) reflecting genuinely foundational contributions to two major aging-research pathways (sirtuins, TOR). Numerous advisory-board affiliations were found (iX Biopharma, Mito Health, PureHealth, Maximon, Centenara Labs, Gero) but these are advisory, not founder/inventor roles, so they were excluded from drug_discovery.candidates per spec guidance to avoid overstating role. No conflicting information found." }, { "slug": "coleen-murphy", "name": "Coleen Murphy", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 3, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "unfilteredonline", "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 2.5, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 50, "citations_total": 13284, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://openalex.org/A5025742956", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Disambiguated via institution match: 'Coleen Tara Murphy' record lists Princeton University, matching her known role as Director of the Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Paul F. Glenn Laboratories for Aging Research at Princeton. Works_count 185. A secondary lower-output Princeton-affiliated record (H=3) is likely a fragmented/duplicate profile." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Cognitive Aging & Neuroplasticity", "discovery": "Murphy lab identified an 'active forgetting' mechanism in C. elegans in which the SET1/COMPASS histone methyltransferase complex is upregulated in the aging nervous system and drives accelerated memory loss; genetically or pharmacologically inhibiting SET1/COMPASS components blocked forgetting in young worms and slowed cognitive decline in older worms, identifying a potential therapeutic target for age-related memory loss.", "year": "2025", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40425807/", "confidence": "medium" }, { "area": "Non-coding RNA in Aging", "discovery": "Murphy lab published a 2021 Cell paper showing that trained C. elegans mothers pass on learned pathogen-avoidance behavior across up to four generations via a Cer1 retrotransposon-derived virus-like capsid carrying small RNA, and that this signal can even be transferred horizontally between untrained adult worms, demonstrating a novel transgenerational and inter-organismal epigenetic memory mechanism.", "year": "2021", "evidence_url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348059531_Horizontal_and_vertical_transmission_of_transgenerational_memories_via_the_Cer1_transposon", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Neuroinflammation", "discovery": "Identified the G-protein subunit EGL-30 (ortholog of human GNAQ) as a driver capable of rescuing age-related cognitive decline when activated in older C. elegans, with the pathway's conservation confirmed by collaborators showing the same pathway rescues memory in aged mice (Nature Aging, 2025), linking body-to-brain (hypodermis-to-neuron) insulin/Notch signaling to long-term memory maintenance.", "year": "2025", "evidence_url": "https://academyofgeroscience.org/coleen-t-murphy-phd", "confidence": "medium" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [], "notes": "No drug discovery output found. Murphy is a purely academic researcher (Princeton University); no company founding, patent, or clinical candidate under her name was identified in this research pass." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": null, "companies": [], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [], "notes": "No company affiliation found; Murphy has not founded a for-profit venture per available sources. Specific NIH/foundation grant totals were not located within the research time budget and are not estimated." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (single-model placeholder)", "estimate_years": 0.0, "range_low": 0.0, "range_high": 0.3, "reasoning": "Murphy's work is basic C. elegans research on memory, forgetting, and transgenerational epigenetic signaling; while scientifically significant and mechanistically novel, none of it has reached a human therapeutic candidate or trial, so measurable human lifespan impact to date is effectively zero, with only long-run translational potential if the SET1/COMPASS or GNAQ pathway targets are eventually drugged." } ], "median_years": 0.0, "caveat": "This is a speculative, single-model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. A true multi-model ensemble should be run in a follow-up pass." }, "researcher_notes": "No conflicting information found. Purely academic profile with genuinely novel, well-cited discoveries but no commercial/drug discovery angle; consistent with her scraped agingbiotech.info profile which lists no company affiliation." }, { "slug": "cynthia-kenyon", "name": "Cynthia Kenyon", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 3, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "unfilteredonline", "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": "Calico", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 0.5, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 80, "citations_total": 40223, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://openalex.org/A5053475144", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Disambiguated via institution match: 'Cynthia J. Kenyon' record lists Buck Institute for Research on Aging and Calico Life Sciences, matching her known affiliation (VP of Aging Research at Calico since 2014, formerly UCSF). Works_count 216." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Deregulated Nutrient Sensing (mTOR/AMPK/IGF-1)", "discovery": "Discovered in 1993 (published in Nature) that a single mutation in the C. elegans daf-2 gene, encoding the worm's insulin/IGF-1 receptor, doubles lifespan while worms remain active and youthful, establishing that aging rate is under discrete genetic control rather than purely stochastic wear; this founded the insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS) field of aging research.", "year": "1993", "evidence_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynthia_Kenyon", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Genetics of Human Longevity (GWAS, centenarian studies)", "discovery": "Follow-up work by Kenyon's lab and collaborators identified DAF-16 (a FOXO-family transcription factor) as the downstream effector required for daf-2-mediated lifespan extension, and the human ortholog FOXO3 was subsequently repeatedly associated with exceptional human longevity in centenarian genetic studies, directly linking a worm discovery to human longevity genetics.", "year": "1997", "evidence_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daf-2", "confidence": "high" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [], "notes": "No specific named drug candidate found under Kenyon's direct co-invention. She has been VP of Aging Research at Calico Life Sciences (Google/Alphabet-backed) since 2014, a heavily funded but historically secretive drug discovery organization; Calico's pipeline has not publicly disclosed specific Kenyon-attributed drug candidates as of this research pass, so 'no drug discovery output found' under her name specifically, though she leads research at a company with an active drug discovery mission." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": 2500, "companies": [ "Calico Life Sciences" ], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [ "data/companies/calico.md (agingbiotech.info scrape)" ], "notes": "Kenyon is VP of Aging Research at Calico, not its founder (founded by Google/Alphabet with Arthur D. Levinson as CEO); Calico's total raised per agingbiotech.info scrape is $2,500M with an AbbVie partnership potentially worth up to $2.5B in deal value. This figure represents Calico's overall corporate funding, not capital Kenyon personally raised as a founder, and is presented with that caveat." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (single-model placeholder)", "estimate_years": 0.1, "range_low": 0.0, "range_high": 0.5, "reasoning": "The daf-2/insulin-IGF-1 pathway discovery is one of the most foundational findings in aging biology and has driven a large share of subsequent drug-target hypotheses (IGF-1 inhibitors, FOXO activators), but no approved or late-stage human therapy directly resulting from this specific discovery exists yet; Calico's drug pipeline (where Kenyon works) remains largely undisclosed publicly, so near-term measurable human lifespan impact attributable to her personal work is low despite very high field-shaping influence." } ], "median_years": 0.1, "caveat": "This is a speculative, single-model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. A true multi-model ensemble should be run in a follow-up pass." }, "researcher_notes": "No conflicting information found. Kenyon's academic contribution (daf-2/IIS pathway) is exceptionally well-documented and among the most-cited foundational discoveries in the aging field; her drug-discovery role at Calico could not be verified with specific named candidates due to the company's historical lack of pipeline disclosure, so drug_discovery.candidates is left empty rather than guessed." }, { "slug": "eric-verdin", "name": "Eric Verdin", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 3, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "unfilteredonline", "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 3.5, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 135, "citations_total": 75834, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://openalex.org/A5025168089", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Disambiguated via institution match: 'Eric M. Verdin' record lists Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Gladstone Institutes, and UCSF, matching his known career (former Gladstone director, current President/CEO of Buck Institute). Works_count 462." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Sirtuins & NAD+ Metabolism", "discovery": "Verdin's lab showed the ketone body beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) acts as an endogenous inhibitor of Class I histone deacetylases (HDAC1/HDAC2), a 2013 Science paper that reframed BHB from a simple metabolic fuel to a direct epigenetic signaling molecule linking fasting/caloric restriction to gene-expression changes relevant to aging.", "year": "2013", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23223453/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Caloric Restriction & Dietary Restriction Biology", "discovery": "Follow-up work from the Verdin lab demonstrated that BHB-driven HDAC inhibition upregulates FOXO3A and metallothionein 2 (MT2), producing an endogenous antioxidant response that protected mice from paraquat-induced oxidative organ damage, providing a molecular mechanistic explanation for how fasting and ketogenic states extend cellular resilience.", "year": "2013", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23223453/", "confidence": "high" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [], "notes": "No specific drug/candidate found under Verdin's direct co-invention. As President/CEO of the Buck Institute for Research on Aging (a nonprofit research institute, not a drug company), he leads institutional translational efforts (including launching human clinical trials evaluating exogenous ketone esters) but no specific IND-stage drug candidate attributable to him personally was verified in this pass." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": null, "companies": [], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [], "notes": "Verdin leads the Buck Institute (nonprofit research institute), not a for-profit venture; no company affiliation or founder role identified, so the founder-funding field does not apply. Institute-level funding figures were not sought per spec priority ordering (this field is deprioritized for a nonprofit-institute leader)." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (single-model placeholder)", "estimate_years": 0.05, "range_low": 0.0, "range_high": 0.3, "reasoning": "The BHB/HDAC-inhibition mechanism is a genuinely significant mechanistic discovery explaining fasting-related healthspan benefits, but it has not yet translated into an approved therapy with measured human lifespan effects; exogenous ketone ester trials at Buck Institute are early-stage. Direct measurable impact is currently minimal." } ], "median_years": 0.05, "caveat": "This is a speculative, single-model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. A true multi-model ensemble should be run in a follow-up pass." }, "researcher_notes": "No conflicting information found. Very high academic output (h-index 135) reflecting a long, highly cited career spanning HIV latency research and aging/metabolism; the BHB/HDAC discovery is his most aging-specific, well-documented contribution." }, { "slug": "felipe-sierra", "name": "Felipe Sierra", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 3, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "unfilteredonline", "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 0.0, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 34, "citations_total": 8200, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://openalex.org/A5080817962", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "medium", "notes": "OpenAlex record for 'Felipe Sierra' lists Universidad de Los Andes as an affiliation, which does not clearly match his known career (University of Florida PhD, Medical College of Pennsylvania, NIH/NIA, Hevolution Foundation). No candidate record explicitly lists NIH or National Institute on Aging as an institution, likely because as a federal program officer/director his publications may be attributed differently in OpenAlex, or his own research output tapered off during his NIH administrative career (2002-2020) and Hevolution CSO role (2022-2025), both non-bench-research leadership positions. Marking medium confidence due to institution mismatch; this h-index and citation count should be treated as an approximate, not fully verified, match." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Geroscience-Guided Drug Repurposing", "discovery": "As Director of the NIA Division of Aging Biology (2006-2020), coined and developed the concept of 'geroscience', the framework proposing that because aging is the shared primary risk factor for most chronic diseases, targeting the biological mechanisms of aging can simultaneously delay or prevent multiple age-related diseases; founded and led the trans-NIH Geroscience Interest Group (GSIG) to coordinate this research agenda across NIH institutes.", "year": "2013", "evidence_url": "https://www.afar.org/what-is-geroscience-2", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Longevity Economics & Policy", "discovery": "As inaugural Chief Scientific Officer of the Hevolution Foundation (2022-2025), shaped the organization's scientific funding strategy toward 'healthspan' science, and spearheaded the HF-AGE grant program that funded NIA-reviewed, high-merit aging research proposals that had gone unfunded due to federal budget constraints, plus helped establish the Hevolution Alliance for Aging Biomarkers to standardize aging biomarker measurement across the field.", "year": "2023", "evidence_url": "https://hevolution.com/w/hevolution-foundation-advancing-geroscience-efforts-hf-age-grant-recipients-announced", "confidence": "high" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [], "notes": "No drug discovery output found. Sierra's career has been in research administration, funding strategy, and field-building (NIH/NIA, Hevolution Foundation, now Geroscience Consulting LLC) rather than bench science or drug invention; no company founding or drug candidate under his name was identified." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": null, "companies": [ "Hevolution Foundation (nonprofit, CSO role not founder)" ], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [], "notes": "Sierra is not a company founder; he was CSO (not founder) of Hevolution Foundation, a Saudi-government-backed nonprofit with a very large overall endowment/mandate (publicly reported as multi-billion-dollar commitment), but the specific figure was not independently re-verified in this pass and Sierra's personal fundraising role (vs. Hevolution's institutional funding, set by its founders/board) is distinct; not fabricating a number for a figure outside his direct personal fundraising remit." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (single-model placeholder)", "estimate_years": 0.1, "range_low": 0.0, "range_high": 0.5, "reasoning": "Sierra's impact is almost entirely at the level of research funding strategy and field organization (coining 'geroscience', directing NIH aging biology funding for 14 years, then Hevolution's grant strategy) rather than a specific therapeutic. This kind of infrastructural/agenda-setting contribution likely has nontrivial aggregate effect on the pace of the whole field's drug discovery output, but it cannot be attributed a specific measurable lifespan-years figure without significant speculation, so a low point estimate is used to avoid overclaiming." } ], "median_years": 0.1, "caveat": "This is a speculative, single-model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. A true multi-model ensemble should be run in a follow-up pass." }, "researcher_notes": "FLAG FOR MAIN SESSION: the OpenAlex academic_output match for Sierra is only medium confidence because the top candidate's listed institution (Universidad de Los Andes) does not match his known NIH/Hevolution career; there may be no strong OpenAlex profile for his specific administrative-heavy career, or his publications may be split across several under-cited profile fragments. Recommend a manual Google Scholar or ORCID check for a more authoritative h-index in a refinement pass. His career is uniquely non-bench/non-drug-discovery among the 16 people researched, being almost entirely about funding strategy, field-building, and coining the 'geroscience' term/framework." }, { "slug": "george-church", "name": "George Church", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 3, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "unfilteredonline", "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": "many (founder/advisor)", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 3.0, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 188, "citations_total": 147261, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://openalex.org/A5103076360", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Disambiguated via institution match: 'George M. Church' record lists Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, matching his known role as Professor of Genetics at Harvard Medical School and MIT. Works_count 928. Clearly separated from a distinct high-output CRISPR researcher 'Feng Zhang' who appeared in the same search but is a different person entirely (confirmed by institution mismatch: Chinese regional hospitals, not Harvard)." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Genetics of Human Longevity (GWAS, centenarian studies)", "discovery": "Pioneered early direct genomic sequencing methods (co-invented one of the first methods for direct genomic sequencing in 1984 as a Harvard graduate student, and later helped launch the Personal Genome Project in 2005), foundational technology underpinning subsequent genomic studies of human longevity and centenarian genetics broadly used across the field.", "year": "2005", "evidence_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_M._Church", "confidence": "medium" }, { "area": "In Vivo Partial Reprogramming", "discovery": "Church's lab/spinout Rejuvenate Bio published (Cellular Reprogramming journal) that AAV-delivered partial reprogramming with Yamanaka factors OSK (Oct4/Sox2/Klf4) in 124-week-old mice (equivalent to ~77 human years) extended median remaining lifespan by 109% and reversed epigenetic aging biomarkers in both mouse and human cells.", "year": "2024", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38381405/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Cardiovascular Aging & Disease", "discovery": "Co-founded Rejuvenate Bio, which developed RJB-01, a dual-gene (FGF21 + soluble TGF-beta receptor II) AAV gene therapy, and showed in a companion-dog trial (with Tufts University School of Veterinary Medicine) that RJB-01 plus standard-of-care medication delayed progression of myxomatous mitral valve disease/congestive heart failure by over 1.5 years compared to standard medication alone.", "year": "2024", "evidence_url": "https://www.lifespan.io/road-maps/the-rejuvenation-roadmap/rejuvenate-bio-rjb-01", "confidence": "medium" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [ { "name": "RJB-01 (AAV FGF21 + sTGF\u03b2R2 gene therapy)", "role": "co-founder", "stage": "preclinical/veterinary (pre-IND for human use)", "company": "Rejuvenate Bio", "source_url": "https://www.lifespan.io/road-maps/the-rejuvenation-roadmap/rejuvenate-bio-rjb-01" }, { "name": "RJB-02 / RJB-0402 (osteoarthritis/metabolic program)", "role": "co-founder", "stage": "preclinical", "company": "Rejuvenate Bio", "source_url": "https://ackcscharitabletrust.org/rejuvenate-bio-progress-report-august-2024/" } ], "notes": "Church has co-founded numerous biotech companies broadly (dozens, per multiple sources: e.g. Editas Medicine, Veritas Genetics, Nebula Genomics, Colossal Biosciences); Rejuvenate Bio is the one most directly focused on aging/longevity and gene-therapy for age-related disease, with RJB-01 the most clinically advanced longevity-relevant candidate (currently veterinary-stage, seeking human IND). RJB-01 received positive FDA pre-IND feedback and a $4M CIRM grant to fund human IND-enabling work for arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": 6, "companies": [ "Rejuvenate Bio" ], "major_grants_usd_m": 4, "source_urls": [ "https://www.lifespanvisionventures.com/press-releases/lifespan-portfolio-company-rejuvenate-bio-closes-6-million-financing-and-r-d-collaboration-with-merck-animal-health" ], "notes": "Rejuvenate Bio is not in our data/companies/ dataset, so figures come from web search: a $6M financing round plus R&D collaboration with Merck Animal Health (June 2026), and a separate $4M CIRM grant for IND-enabling human cardiac gene therapy work. These figures cover only the most recent disclosed rounds; total lifetime capital raised by Rejuvenate Bio across all rounds was not independently totaled and is not stated to avoid guessing. Church's dozens of other company co-foundings (most non-aging-focused) are excluded from this figure per spec scope (longevity-relevant company only)." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (single-model placeholder)", "estimate_years": 0.2, "range_low": 0.0, "range_high": 1.0, "reasoning": "Church's Rejuvenate Bio programs show genuinely promising preclinical/veterinary efficacy data (109% median lifespan extension in aged mice via partial reprogramming; measurable heart-disease-progression delay in dogs), but neither has reached human clinical trials yet. His broader genomic-technology contributions (sequencing methods, Personal Genome Project) are foundational infrastructure for the whole field rather than a direct lifespan-extending intervention, so are not separately counted here to avoid double-counting field-level infrastructure effects." } ], "median_years": 0.2, "caveat": "This is a speculative, single-model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. A true multi-model ensemble should be run in a follow-up pass." }, "researcher_notes": "No conflicting information found for the aging/longevity-specific work. Note that Church has an extremely broad portfolio of company co-foundings across many unrelated biotech fields (de-extinction/Colossal Biosciences, consumer genomics, synthetic biology); this profile intentionally scopes drug_discovery and funding fields to only the longevity-relevant venture (Rejuvenate Bio) per the spec's focus, rather than attempting to catalog his entire company portfolio." }, { "slug": "james-kirkland", "name": "James Kirkland", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 3, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "unfilteredonline", "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 1.5, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 115, "citations_total": 64464, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://openalex.org/A5009102749", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Disambiguated via institution match: 'James L. Kirkland' record lists Mayo Clinic (and Mayo Clinic in Florida), matching his known role as Director of the Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging at Mayo Clinic. Works_count 524." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Senolytics (drug discovery)", "discovery": "Senior/corresponding author of the landmark 2015 Aging Cell paper (Zhu, Tchkonia, Kirkland et al., 'The Achilles' heel of senescent cells: from transcriptome to senolytic drugs') that coined the term 'senolytics' and identified the dasatinib+quercetin (D+Q) combination as the first senolytic drug regimen, using transcriptomic analysis to find senescent-cell anti-apoptotic pathways (SCAPs, including BCL-2/BCL-xL/PI3K/AKT) as druggable vulnerabilities; the paper showed D+Q selectively killed senescent cells and improved physical function/frailty and cardiac function in aged and irradiated mice.", "year": "2015", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25754370/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Tissue-Specific Senescence (skin, lung, kidney, etc.)", "discovery": "Led the first-in-human pilot trial of a senolytic (D+Q) in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (2019), demonstrating physical function improvements and establishing feasibility of intermittent ('hit-and-run') senolytic dosing in humans, opening the clinical senolytics field.", "year": "2019", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31542391/", "confidence": "high" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [ { "name": "Dasatinib + Quercetin (D+Q)", "role": "key scientist/co-inventor of the therapeutic concept", "stage": "phase2 (various indications: IPF, diabetic kidney disease tested in trials since 2019; both individual drugs already FDA-approved for other indications, being repurposed in combination)", "company": "Mayo Clinic (academic; no company vehicle identified for this specific combination)", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25754370/" }, { "name": "Fisetin (senolytic flavonoid)", "role": "key scientist", "stage": "phase2", "company": "Mayo Clinic (academic trials)", "source_url": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/fisetin-quercetin-dasatinib-in-clinical-trials-dr-james/id1558785481" } ], "notes": "Kirkland's senolytic discoveries are academic (Mayo Clinic) rather than tied to a company he founded; he is widely credited as a scientific advisor/founder-adjacent figure to Unity Biotechnology (a senolytics company), though his direct founder/equity role there was not independently confirmed in this pass, so it is not listed as a candidate entry to avoid overstating his corporate role. D+Q and fisetin are both being tested in NIH/academic-sponsored trials for multiple indications (IPF, diabetic kidney disease, frailty, COVID-19)." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": null, "companies": [], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [], "notes": "No company founder/exec funding figure identified; Kirkland's work has been conducted primarily through NIH-funded academic research (Mayo Clinic, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, AFAR). Not fabricating a company funding figure since a clear founder role at a specific company was not verified." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (single-model placeholder)", "estimate_years": 0.4, "range_low": 0.0, "range_high": 1.5, "reasoning": "Kirkland's senolytics discovery (D+Q) is one of the most translationally advanced and widely replicated findings in the geroscience field, having moved from mouse models to multiple human pilot trials within 4 years, and has directly seeded an entire subfield (senolytics) with several companies now developing related compounds. However, no senolytic has yet completed a pivotal Phase 3 trial or received regulatory approval for an aging-related indication, so direct measured human lifespan impact remains unproven; this estimate reflects high field-shaping potential balanced against the current lack of definitive human efficacy data." } ], "median_years": 0.4, "caveat": "This is a speculative, single-model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. A true multi-model ensemble should be run in a follow-up pass." }, "researcher_notes": "No conflicting information found. Kirkland's contribution (coining 'senolytics', discovering D+Q) is one of the most concretely verifiable and field-defining discoveries among all 16 people researched in this batch, with strong high-confidence sourcing (peer-reviewed Aging Cell paper, subsequent human trial publications)." }, { "slug": "jim-mellon", "name": "Jim Mellon", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 3, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "unfilteredonline", "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 1.0, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": null, "citations_total": null, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://openalex.org/A5074429968", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "low", "notes": "Only one 'Jim Mellon' candidate found on OpenAlex (H=3, cited=103, works=5, no institution listed), which does not plausibly match a billionaire investor/author with no academic research career. Mellon is not a practicing scientist; he is an investor, entrepreneur, and author (Juvenescence book). Setting h_index/citations_total to null rather than reporting a spurious low number, since it is very unlikely to be the same person and would misrepresent his actual profile (which is investment/business, not academic)." }, "genuine_discoveries": [], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [ { "name": "PAI-1 inhibitor (senescence/fibrosis program)", "role": "co-founder/investor", "stage": "phase1", "company": "Juvenescence (JuvTherapeutics/JuvRx)", "source_url": "https://juvlabs.com/our-pipeline/" }, { "name": "LyGenesis lymph-node organ regeneration cell therapy", "role": "investor (Juvenescence portfolio company)", "stage": "phase2", "company": "LyGenesis", "source_url": "https://juvlabs.com/our-pipeline/" } ], "notes": "Mellon is an investor/co-founder, not a bench scientist or inventor; drug candidates listed here are Juvenescence's internal and portfolio pipeline assets in which he has a founder/investor role, not personal scientific invention credit. Juvenescence also holds an ~11% stake and a joint venture ('Juvenescence AI') with Insilico Medicine focused on discovering novel senolytics." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": 308, "companies": [ "Juvenescence" ], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [ "data/companies/juvenescence.md (agingbiotech.info scrape)" ], "notes": "Per agingbiotech.info scrape (data/companies/juvenescence.md), Juvenescence total raised is $308M; this is used as primary per spec instructions to prefer internal dataset over new web search. Cross-referenced web search reports a similar but not identical range ($295M-$341M across rounds, including a $76M Series B-1 first close in May 2025 led by Abu Dhabi's M42); the discrepancy likely reflects different cutoff dates for cumulative fundraising totals across sources. Mellon co-founded Juvenescence with Dr. Greg Bailey and Dr. Declan Doogan in 2017." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (single-model placeholder)", "estimate_years": 0.1, "range_low": 0.0, "range_high": 0.5, "reasoning": "As an investor and capital allocator rather than a scientist, Mellon's direct lifespan impact is mediated entirely through the success of the companies he funds (Juvenescence's internal pipeline and portfolio companies like LyGenesis), none of which have reached approval yet. His role popularizing longevity investing (via the Juvenescence book) may have accelerated capital flow into the field broadly, but this indirect, ecosystem-level effect is not counted here to avoid speculative overclaiming." } ], "median_years": 0.1, "caveat": "This is a speculative, single-model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. A true multi-model ensemble should be run in a follow-up pass." }, "researcher_notes": "Mellon is fundamentally different from most other people in this batch: he is a financier/entrepreneur/author, not a scientist, so academic_output is correctly null/low-confidence rather than fabricated. His genuine field contribution is as an early, large-scale capital allocator and popularizer of longevity investing (via his 2017 book and Juvenescence), which is reflected in the funding_raised and drug_discovery fields rather than genuine_discoveries (left empty since he has no personal scientific discovery to attribute)." }, { "slug": "leonard-guarente", "name": "Leonard Guarente", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 3, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "unfilteredonline", "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": "Elysium", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 0.0, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 119, "citations_total": 73387, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://openalex.org/A5115604308", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Disambiguated via institution match: record lists Massachusetts Institute of Technology plus 'Elysium Therapeutics' and 'Elysium Health, Inc.', matching his known role as MIT Novartis Professor of Biology and Elysium Health co-founder/Chief Scientist. Works_count 253. Two other lower-output MIT-affiliated 'Leonard Guarente' records (H=31-38) may be fragmented duplicate profiles for the same person; the highest-output record is used as primary." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Sirtuins & NAD+ Metabolism", "discovery": "Guarente's MIT lab discovered in 1997 that the yeast SIR2 gene is a master regulator of replicative lifespan (overexpression extends lifespan, deletion shortens it), and in 2000 showed Sir2 functions as an NAD+-dependent histone deacetylase, mechanistically linking sirtuin activity to caloric restriction and cellular NAD+ levels; this founded the sirtuin field of aging research alongside independent contemporaneous work by his former student Brian Kennedy and others.", "year": "1997", "evidence_url": "https://news.mit.edu/1997/aging", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "NAD+ Precursor Supplementation (NMN/NR)", "discovery": "Co-founded Elysium Health (2014) and formulated Basis, a nicotinamide riboside (NR) + pterostilbene supplement; a 2017 double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in 120 adults aged 60-80 showed the recommended Basis dose safely increased blood NAD+ levels by an average of 40%, one of the earlier clinically tested NAD+-boosting consumer supplements.", "year": "2017", "evidence_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5701244/", "confidence": "high" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [ { "name": "Basis (nicotinamide riboside + pterostilbene)", "role": "co-founder/Chief Scientist", "stage": "approved (marketed as a dietary supplement, not an FDA-regulated drug)", "company": "Elysium Health", "source_url": "https://www.elysiumhealth.com/products/basis" } ], "notes": "Basis is a dietary supplement, not a pharmaceutical drug; no IND-stage or later pharmaceutical candidate under Guarente's direct invention was identified. His scientific contribution (SIR2/sirtuin mechanism) underpins the broader NAD+-booster product category used by Elysium and other companies (including MetroBiotech's MIB-626, a separate NMN-based pharmaceutical candidate led by David Sinclair, not Guarente)." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": 71, "companies": [ "Elysium Health" ], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [ "data/companies/elysium-health.md (agingbiotech.info scrape)" ], "notes": "Per agingbiotech.info scrape (data/companies/elysium-health.md), Elysium Health total raised is $71M. Co-founders listed in our dataset are Eric Marcotulli and Leonard Guarente; web search additionally lists Dan Alminana as a co-founder, not captured in the agingbiotech.info scrape." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (single-model placeholder)", "estimate_years": 0.1, "range_low": 0.0, "range_high": 0.5, "reasoning": "Guarente's foundational SIR2/sirtuin discovery is highly influential mechanistically and underlies a large commercial NAD+-booster supplement category, but Basis itself has only been shown to raise blood NAD+ levels in a clinical trial, not to extend human lifespan or reduce mortality/morbidity in a controlled outcome trial. Direct measurable human lifespan impact from his specific product is currently unproven, though nontrivial numbers of consumers use NAD+ boosters partly on the strength of his research." } ], "median_years": 0.1, "caveat": "This is a speculative, single-model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. A true multi-model ensemble should be run in a follow-up pass." }, "researcher_notes": "No conflicting information found. Note the parallel with Brian Kennedy (his former PhD student, also researched in this batch): both trace their sirtuin work to the same MIT lab lineage, and their discoveries (SIR2 lifespan effect, and TOR pathway respectively) are complementary rather than duplicative. Basis (Guarente/Elysium) and MIB-626 (Sinclair/MetroBiotech) are both NAD+-pathway-targeting products from different scientists/companies; care was taken not to conflate their separate drug_discovery entries across profiles." }, { "slug": "luigi-ferrucci", "name": "Luigi Ferrucci", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 3, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "unfilteredonline", "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 2.0, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 241, "citations_total": 281127, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://openalex.org/A5048196698", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Top OpenAlex candidate has no single 'last_known_institutions' entry (returns None), but its affiliations list (checked via direct API lookup) includes numerous universities as co-author institutions, and its topics list (Nutrition and Health in Aging, Frailty in Older Adults, Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research, Genetic Associations and Epidemiology) precisely matches Ferrucci's known research areas as NIA Scientific Director and Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA) director. This appears to be a large aggregated OpenAlex author record reflecting his role as a hub collaborator across dozens of multi-institutional aging cohort studies (BLSA, InCHIANTI, WHAS), consistent with his massive works_count of 2,724. High confidence despite the missing institution field, based on topic-match and known scale of his collaborative output." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Altered Intercellular Communication / Inflammaging", "discovery": "Co-developed (with Claudio Franceschi) the concept of 'inflammaging', the chronic, sterile, low-grade systemic inflammation that increases with age and drives frailty via catabolic muscle breakdown and disrupted homeostatic signaling; established via decades of Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA) data analysis under his directorship.", "year": "2000", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12508906/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Frailty & Multimorbidity Research", "discovery": "Using BLSA muscle biopsy, metabolomics, and ex vivo respiration data, demonstrated that declining mitochondrial oxidative capacity directly parallels loss of muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness in aging, and identified an 'integrated albunemia' composite biomarker (anemia, low calcium, low albumin, chronic inflammation) as a stable predictor of frailty and mortality across multiple longitudinal cohorts (BLSA, InCHIANTI, WHAS).", "year": "2016", "evidence_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5004590/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Immunosenescence & Vaccine Response in Elderly", "discovery": "Led a BLSA analysis of over 1,300 participants showing that a history of common infections (UTIs, pneumonia, viral infections, herpes) directly accelerates progression of physical frailty via sustained immune stress and inflammation, reversing the traditional assumption that frailty only makes people more infection-prone rather than infections also driving frailty.", "year": "2020", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31992872/", "confidence": "medium" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [], "notes": "No drug discovery output found. Ferrucci is a purely academic/government researcher (NIA Scientific Director since 2011, BLSA Director since 2002); no company founding or drug candidate under his name was identified." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": null, "companies": [], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [], "notes": "Ferrucci leads federally-funded research (NIA/NIH, a US government institute), not a for-profit company; the founder-funding field does not apply. The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging is one of the longest-running and most extensively funded observational aging cohorts globally, but a specific dollar figure for its total NIH funding was not sought within this research's time budget and is not estimated." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (single-model placeholder)", "estimate_years": 0.05, "range_low": 0.0, "range_high": 0.3, "reasoning": "Ferrucci's contributions are conceptual/epidemiological (inflammaging, frailty biomarkers, mitochondrial-frailty links) rather than a specific therapeutic; they have shaped how the entire geroscience field measures and targets frailty and inflammation but have not themselves produced a drug or intervention with measured lifespan effect. His influence is foundational and field-wide but diffuse rather than attributable to one direct intervention." } ], "median_years": 0.05, "caveat": "This is a speculative, single-model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. A true multi-model ensemble should be run in a follow-up pass." }, "researcher_notes": "No conflicting information found. Extremely high h-index (241) and citation count (281,127) reflect his role as a massively collaborative hub scientist across the field's most important longitudinal cohort studies (BLSA, InCHIANTI, WHAS) rather than a single-lab discovery-focused researcher; this is a legitimate and verifiable profile shape, not a data error, though flagged here for transparency given how unusually high the figures are compared to the rest of the batch." }, { "slug": "matt-kaeberlein", "name": "Matt Kaeberlein", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 3, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "unfilteredonline", "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": "Optispan", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 4.5, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 81, "citations_total": 34401, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://openalex.org/A5072624010", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Disambiguated via institution match: 'Matt R. Kaeberlein' record lists University of Washington, matching his known role as former Professor of Pathology and Director of the Healthy Aging and Longevity Research Institute at UW before transitioning to Optispan. Works_count 421." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Deregulated Nutrient Sensing (mTOR/AMPK/IGF-1)", "discovery": "Co-authored (with Brian Kennedy and Tomas Powers) the 2005 Science paper 'Regulation of yeast replicative life span by TOR and Sch9 in response to nutrients', establishing TOR pathway inhibition as a robust, conserved lifespan-extension mechanism that provided the mechanistic rationale for rapamycin as a geroscience intervention.", "year": "2005", "evidence_url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/7474426_Regulation_of_Yeast_Replicative_Life_Span_by_TOR_and_Sch9_in_Response_to_Nutrients", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Exercise Physiology & Longevity", "discovery": "Co-founded the Dog Aging Project (2014, with Daniel Promislow and Kate Creevy), a large-scale citizen-science longitudinal study following over 50,000 companion dogs, which designed and is running the TRIAD trial (Test of Rapamycin in Aging Dogs), a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial testing whether low-dose rapamycin extends companion-dog healthspan, using dogs as a faster, more translationally relevant model than lab mice due to shared human environments and accelerated aging rate.", "year": "2014", "evidence_url": "https://vetmed.tamu.edu/news/press-releases/dog-aging-project-triad/", "confidence": "high" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [ { "name": "Rapamycin (repurposed mTOR inhibitor, tested via TRIAD trial)", "role": "co-founder of the trial program/key scientist", "stage": "phase2/3-equivalent (veterinary randomized controlled trial, not a human regulatory pathway)", "company": "Dog Aging Project (academic/nonprofit consortium)", "source_url": "https://vetmed.tamu.edu/news/press-releases/dog-aging-project-triad/" } ], "notes": "Rapamycin is an already-FDA-approved immunosuppressant being repurposed and tested via the nonprofit/academic Dog Aging Project rather than developed by a company Kaeberlein founded for that specific drug. His for-profit ventures (Optispan, founded 2023, and Ora Biomedical, a robotics/AI-driven high-throughput longevity drug screening company) are healthspan-medicine/discovery-platform businesses rather than owning a specific named drug candidate; no proprietary Optispan or Ora Biomedical drug candidate was identified in this research pass." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": null, "companies": [ "Optispan", "Ora Biomedical" ], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [], "notes": "Neither Optispan nor Ora Biomedical is in our data/companies/ dataset, and specific funding totals for either were not located within the research time budget; not fabricating a figure. The Dog Aging Project is NIH-funded (primarily via the National Institute on Aging) rather than venture-funded, and a specific grant total was not verified in this pass." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (single-model placeholder)", "estimate_years": 0.3, "range_low": 0.0, "range_high": 1.2, "reasoning": "Kaeberlein's TOR-pathway discovery is foundational and directly underlies the rapamycin-for-longevity research program now being tested in the TRIAD companion-dog trial, one of the most rigorous real-world (non-lab-mouse) longevity intervention trials currently running; however, TRIAD results in dogs are not yet fully reported, and no human trial with a mortality/lifespan endpoint from his direct work exists yet. This estimate reflects meaningful field-level contribution balanced against the current lack of completed human outcome data." } ], "median_years": 0.3, "caveat": "This is a speculative, single-model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. A true multi-model ensemble should be run in a follow-up pass." }, "researcher_notes": "No conflicting information found. Note the direct overlap with Brian Kennedy's profile in this same batch: both are co-authors on the same foundational 2005 Science TOR-pathway paper; this is documented consistently in both files rather than treated as a discrepancy, since it is a genuine joint discovery. Kaeberlein transitioned from full-time academia to industry (Optispan) in 2023, which explains why his most recent activity is commercial/translational rather than further basic-research publications." }, { "slug": "morten-scheibye-knudsen", "name": "Morten Scheibye-Knudsen", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 3, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "unfilteredonline", "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 1.0, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 47, "citations_total": 12411, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://openalex.org/A5069851925", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Disambiguated via institution match: record lists University of Copenhagen, matching his known affiliation. Works_count 154. OpenAlex topics for this record (Genetics/Aging/Longevity in Model Organisms, Mitochondrial Function and Pathology, DNA Repair Mechanisms, Sirtuins and Resveratrol in Medicine) closely match his known research focus on DNA repair and mitochondrial dysfunction in premature aging syndromes." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Genomic Instability & DNA Damage", "discovery": "Published research (2014, with NIH collaborators) showing defective mitophagy in XPA (xeroderma pigmentosum group A) cells is driven by PARP-1 hyperactivation and NAD+/SIRT1 depletion, linking a DNA-repair-deficient premature-aging disorder mechanistically to mitochondrial quality control and NAD+ metabolism.", "year": "2014", "evidence_url": "https://openalex.org/works?filter=author.id:A5069851925", "confidence": "medium" }, { "area": "Mitochondrial Dysfunction", "discovery": "Co-authored a 2016 study showing NAD+ replenishment improves lifespan and healthspan in mouse models of Ataxia Telangiectasia via restoring mitophagy and DNA repair capacity, extending the DNA-damage/NAD+/mitochondria mechanistic axis from XPA to a second premature-aging disease model.", "year": "2016", "evidence_url": "https://openalex.org/works?filter=author.id:A5069851925", "confidence": "medium" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [], "notes": "No drug discovery output found. Scheibye-Knudsen is an academic researcher (University of Copenhagen); his agingbiotech.info scraped profile lists no company affiliation. No company founding, patent, or clinical candidate under his name was identified in this research pass." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": null, "companies": [], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [], "notes": "No company affiliation found; not applicable." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (single-model placeholder)", "estimate_years": 0.0, "range_low": 0.0, "range_high": 0.2, "reasoning": "Scheibye-Knudsen's work establishing the DNA-repair-deficiency/NAD+/mitophagy axis in premature aging syndromes (XPA, Ataxia Telangiectasia) is mechanistically interesting and reinforces the broader NAD+-boosting therapeutic rationale used elsewhere in the field (e.g. by Sinclair, Guarente), but is based on rare-disease mouse models rather than a general-population human intervention, so direct measurable lifespan impact is effectively negligible at this stage." } ], "median_years": 0.0, "caveat": "This is a speculative, single-model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. A true multi-model ensemble should be run in a follow-up pass." }, "researcher_notes": "Web search tool experienced repeated timeouts for this person specifically (5 consecutive attempts failed); academic-output and discovery data were instead derived directly from OpenAlex API (author record + top-cited works list), which is a reliable primary source per the spec's methodology. No independent web-search corroboration of his specific discoveries beyond OpenAlex paper titles/topics was obtained in this pass; confidence is marked medium (not high) on the discovery entries for this reason, though the academic_output h-index/citation figures themselves are high confidence since they come directly from OpenAlex. Recommend a follow-up web search pass if more narrative detail on his research program is needed." }, { "slug": "nir-barzilai", "name": "Nir Barzilai", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 3, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "unfilteredonline", "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 4.5, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 104, "citations_total": 42136, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://openalex.org/A5055979731", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Disambiguated via institution match: record lists Albert Einstein College of Medicine, matching his known role as Director of the Institute for Aging Research there. Works_count 494." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Genetics of Human Longevity (GWAS, centenarian studies)", "discovery": "Founded and leads the Longevity Genes Project (since 1998) at Albert Einstein College of Medicine, tracking over 750 exceptionally healthy Ashkenazi Jewish centenarians and their children; the study established that centenarians carry as many disease-associated mutations as the general population but possess distinct 'longevity gene' variants that buffer against their harmful effects, and identified specific protective variants in CETP (larger, more efficient HDL/LDL particles, reduced cardiovascular and cognitive decline risk) and APOC3 (lower triglycerides, reduced heart disease risk).", "year": "2003", "evidence_url": "https://dss.niagads.org/cohorts/longevity-genes-project-lgp/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Metformin & AMPK Pathway", "discovery": "Conceived and co-leads the TAME (Targeting Aging with Metformin) trial concept, a proposed multi-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in ~3,000 adults aged 65-79 designed to test whether metformin (repurposed from its diabetes indication) delays onset of multiple age-related chronic diseases simultaneously, explicitly intended to help establish a regulatory pathway for the FDA to recognize aging itself as a treatable indication.", "year": "2015", "evidence_url": "https://www.agingresearch.org/blog/dr-nir-barzilai-on-the-tame-study/", "confidence": "high" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [ { "name": "Metformin (repurposed, TAME trial)", "role": "trial conceiver/co-leader", "stage": "phase3-equivalent (large-scale trial design; funding/execution has faced delays per public reporting)", "company": "Academic/nonprofit consortium (American Federation for Aging Research, AFAR-affiliated)", "source_url": "https://www.agingresearch.org/blog/dr-nir-barzilai-on-the-tame-study/" } ], "notes": "Metformin is an already-approved, off-patent diabetes drug being repurposed via an academic trial (TAME), not a company-owned proprietary candidate; Barzilai's role is as trial designer/PI-adjacent figure rather than a company founder for this specific asset. No separate proprietary drug candidate under his direct company founding was identified; his agingbiotech.info scraped profile lists no company affiliation (nonprofit affiliations only: AFAR, HLMS)." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": null, "companies": [], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [], "notes": "No company founder role identified; Barzilai's affiliations are academic/nonprofit (Albert Einstein College of Medicine, American Federation for Aging Research). TAME trial funding is a long-running public fundraising effort (a mix of philanthropic and, historically, unsuccessful attempts at direct NIH funding) but a specific total dollar figure was not independently verified in this pass and is not stated to avoid guessing." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (single-model placeholder)", "estimate_years": 0.2, "range_low": 0.0, "range_high": 1.0, "reasoning": "Barzilai's centenarian genetics discoveries are foundational for identifying protective longevity pathways (CETP, APOC3), and the TAME trial concept, if fully funded and completed with positive results, could be field-changing by establishing aging as an FDA-recognized indication; however, TAME has not yet been fully executed/reported as of this research date, so no measured human lifespan outcome yet exists from his specific interventional work. Estimate reflects high potential future impact balanced against current lack of completed trial data." } ], "median_years": 0.2, "caveat": "This is a speculative, single-model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. A true multi-model ensemble should be run in a follow-up pass." }, "researcher_notes": "No conflicting information found. Barzilai's academic contribution (Longevity Genes Project, CETP/APOC3 findings) is well-documented and specific; the TAME trial is one of the most publicly discussed 'aging as an indication' regulatory efforts in the field but its funding/execution status appears to have faced historical delays per multiple secondary sources, which is reflected in the funding_raised field's uncertainty note rather than presenting TAME as fully completed." }, { "slug": "rafael-de-cabo", "name": "Rafael de Cabo", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 3, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "unfilteredonline", "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 2.0, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 117, "citations_total": 56891, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://openalex.org/A5038923785", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Disambiguated via institution match: National Institutes of Health / National Institute on Aging, works_count 508, consistent with a senior NIA intramural investigator in aging/CR/rapamycin research." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Rapamycin & mTOR Inhibition", "discovery": "Co-author on the NIA Interventions Testing Program study showing rapamycin, but not resveratrol or simvastatin, extends lifespan of genetically heterogeneous mice when started in mid-life, establishing rapamycin as the most robust pharmacological lifespan-extension agent known in mammals.", "year": "2011", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20974732/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Caloric Restriction & Dietary Restriction Biology", "discovery": "Led/co-led NIA studies on resveratrol showing it mimics some benefits of caloric restriction in mice on a high-fat diet (improved organ health, insulin sensitivity) but does not extend lifespan in mice on a standard diet, helping to decouple 'healthspan' improvement from lifespan extension for this compound class.", "year": "2006-2008", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17086191/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Sirtuins & NAD+ Metabolism", "discovery": "Collaborated with David Sinclair's group to show resveratrol's metabolic and mitochondrial benefits in mice require the SIRT1 gene, helping establish SIRT1 as a mechanistic node for this intervention class.", "year": "2012", "evidence_url": "https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120501134209.htm", "confidence": "medium" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [], "notes": "De Cabo is a senior NIA intramural investigator, not a company founder. His role in drug discovery is as a key scientist on NIA's Interventions Testing Program (ITP), a rigorous multi-site pre-clinical screening program (rapamycin, resveratrol, and other candidate longevity compounds tested for lifespan effects in mice), rather than as a founder/inventor with a company pipeline. No specific drug candidate, company, or clinical-trial role for de Cabo personally was found; his contribution is foundational pre-clinical evidence supporting rapamycin (a repurposed approved immunosuppressant) as a longevity candidate." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": null, "companies": [], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [ "https://irp.nih.gov/pi/rafael-de-cabo" ], "notes": "No public figure found for personal/lab grant totals; de Cabo's work is funded through NIA intramural research program funding (federal budget line, not a discrete 'raised' figure). Not a company founder/exec, so no founder funding applies." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (self, single-model placeholder)", "estimate_years": 0.3, "range_low": 0.1, "range_high": 0.8, "reasoning": "De Cabo's contribution is primarily rigorous pre-clinical validation (via NIA ITP) rather than a novel discovery of a new mechanism; his work strengthened the evidence base for rapamycin repurposing, which could plausibly translate into modest human healthspan/lifespan gains if broadly adopted off-label, but no human RCT lifespan data exists yet." } ], "median_years": 0.3, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. No human trial has measured lifespan extension from rapamycin or resveratrol; this figure is a rough, highly uncertain extrapolation of potential aggregate population impact if pre-clinical mouse findings translate partially to humans, weighted by de Cabo's specific contribution (validation, not discovery) to the underlying science." }, "researcher_notes": "High-confidence academic profile (clean institution match). No drug discovery/company founder role identified; distinguishing feature is being a key evidentiary source behind the rapamycin longevity hypothesis via NIA's ITP program, which many biotech companies (e.g. resTORbio) later built commercial theses on without de Cabo's direct involvement." }, { "slug": "sergey-young", "name": "Sergey Young", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 3, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "unfilteredonline", "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 2.0, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": null, "citations_total": null, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://openalex.org/A5031993955", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "low", "notes": "The only 'Sergey Young' record in OpenAlex has no listed institution and only 4 works with topics (health disparities, ICU cognitive disorders, respiratory support) unrelated to venture investing or longevity biotech; this is very likely a different person, not the Longevity Vision Fund founder. Sergey Young is a venture investor/author, not an active academic researcher, so no meaningful academic-output record is expected. Treating academic output as not applicable/not found rather than attributing the mismatched OpenAlex record to him." }, "genuine_discoveries": [], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [], "notes": "No drug discovery output found. Sergey Young is an investor (Longevity Vision Fund, Bold Capital Partners) and author (The Science and Technology of Growing Young), not a scientist or company founder with a drug pipeline. He has no direct scientific discovery or drug-inventor role identified." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": 100, "companies": [ "Longevity Vision Fund" ], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [ "https://hub.waveup.com/funds/longevity-vision-fund", "https://longevity.vision/portfolio/" ], "notes": "Founded and leads the Longevity Vision Fund (LVF), a $100M venture capital fund (2019) investing in longevity-adjacent biotech/AI companies including Insilico Medicine, Deep Longevity, Freenome, Tessera Therapeutics, LyGenesis, Juvenescence, and others. This figure represents fund AUM/capital deployed by Young as fund founder/managing partner, not personal wealth or a single-company raise." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (self, single-model placeholder)", "estimate_years": 0.0, "range_low": 0.0, "range_high": 0.1, "reasoning": "As a venture capital investor and public communicator rather than a scientist or drug developer, Young's direct contribution to realized lifespan extension is indirect (capital allocation to promising companies, public awareness). No mechanism exists to attribute a measurable lifespan-years impact to his personal activities distinct from the underlying science of the companies he funds." } ], "median_years": 0.0, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. Investor/advocate roles are inherently harder to map to a direct lifespan-years figure than scientific discoveries or approved drugs; treat this near-zero estimate as reflecting attribution difficulty, not a judgment that his fund's portfolio companies lack potential impact." }, "researcher_notes": "Flagging for main session: the OpenAlex API match for 'Sergey Young' does not appear to be the longevity investor; recommend leaving academic_output as null/not found rather than accepting the mismatched record. This person's profile is entirely investor/author/advocate-based, not scientist-based, which is a different profile shape than most of this cohort." }, { "slug": "steve-horvath", "name": "Steve Horvath", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 3, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "unfilteredonline", "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": "Altos Labs", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 3.5, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 152, "citations_total": 145093, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://openalex.org/A5000192581", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Disambiguated via institution match: UCLA / Altos Labs, works_count 949, clearly the epigenetic-clock researcher (highest-cited candidate and only one with Altos Labs affiliation)." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Aging Clocks (multi-modal: methylation, proteomic, imaging)", "discovery": "Developed the first multi-tissue 'pan-tissue' epigenetic clock (the 'Horvath clock') using DNA methylation levels at 353 CpG sites to estimate biological age across nearly any human cell/tissue type with ~3.6-year median error, founding the modern epigenetic-clock field.", "year": "2013", "evidence_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6366965/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Epigenetic Alterations", "discovery": "Showed that reprogramming adult cells into iPSCs resets the epigenetic clock to near zero, providing key evidence that biological age (as captured by DNA methylation) is malleable and reversible rather than a fixed record of chronological time.", "year": "2013-2015", "evidence_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Horvath", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Aging Biomarker Development (general)", "discovery": "Co-developed second-generation epigenetic clocks (PhenoAge, GrimAge) trained on morbidity/mortality outcomes rather than chronological age, improving predictive power for healthspan and mortality risk over first-generation clocks.", "year": "2018-2019", "evidence_url": "https://www.the-scientist.com/epigenetic-clocks-power-biological-age-data-but-why-do-results-differ-across-tests-74347", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Comparative Genomics of Long-Lived Species", "discovery": "Co-led development of a pan-mammalian epigenetic clock capable of estimating biological age across many mammalian species, enabling comparative aging-rate research.", "year": "2023", "evidence_url": "https://www.age.mpg.de/what-is-the-epigenetic-clock", "confidence": "medium" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [], "notes": "No drug discovery output found in the sense of a specific drug candidate he founded or co-invented. Horvath's core contribution is as a biomarker/measurement scientist: his epigenetic clocks are used as tools by many longevity companies (including Altos Labs, where he was a principal investigator from 2022 until his departure in Feb 2026) to evaluate whether their rejuvenation/reprogramming interventions are working, but he is not credited as inventor of a specific therapeutic candidate." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": null, "companies": [], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [ "https://ipscell.com/2026/05/did-altos-labs-just-reprogram-itself-to-focus-on-ai-peter-walter-steve-horvath-more-departures/" ], "notes": "Horvath was a Principal Investigator (employee/scientist), not a founder, at Altos Labs (which itself raised ~$3B in 2022 from investors including Jeff Bezos and Yuri Milner). No personal founder-level funding figure applies. He departed Altos Labs in February 2026 amid an internal reorganization." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (self, single-model placeholder)", "estimate_years": 0.0, "range_low": 0.0, "range_high": 0.2, "reasoning": "Horvath's epigenetic clocks are a measurement/diagnostic tool, not a therapeutic intervention, so they do not directly extend lifespan; their impact is indirect, by accelerating the validation and iteration speed of rejuvenation therapies developed by others (e.g. at Altos Labs). Direct lifespan-years attribution to a biomarker tool is not well-defined." } ], "median_years": 0.0, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. Epigenetic clocks are foundational infrastructure for the field (enabling faster, cheaper trials of anti-aging interventions) but have no direct mechanistic effect on lifespan themselves, making a lifespan-years estimate largely inapplicable to this specific contribution type." }, "researcher_notes": "Very high-confidence, well-documented academic and career record. Note recent (Feb 2026) departure from Altos Labs alongside other senior scientists (e.g. Peter Walter) amid an internal reorg reportedly shifting focus toward AI; this is worth noting as a signal about Altos Labs' strategic direction but is not itself a 'discovery' or drug-discovery data point." }, { "slug": "thomas-rando", "name": "Thomas Rando", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 3, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "unfilteredonline", "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": "Fountain", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 2.0, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 100, "citations_total": 49906, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://openalex.org/A5001282854", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Disambiguated via institution match: Stanford University / UCLA / VA Palo Alto, works_count 304, consistent with the known muscle stem cell aging researcher and Broad Stem Cell Research Center director." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Muscle Stem Cell Aging (Sarcopenia mechanisms)", "discovery": "Landmark heterochronic parabiosis experiments (shared circulation between young and old mice) showing that exposure to a young systemic environment rejuvenates aged muscle stem cell regenerative function, proving that stem cell aging is extrinsically modulable rather than fixed.", "year": "2005", "evidence_url": "https://stemcell.ucla.edu/news/muscle-stem-cells-build-resilience-lose-regenerative-power-age", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Muscle Stem Cell Aging (Sarcopenia mechanisms)", "discovery": "Identified the protein NDRG1 as a 'survivorship' brake in aged muscle stem cells: NDRG1 accumulates with age and suppresses mTOR-driven activation, trading rapid-repair capacity for long-term cell survival in a hostile aged tissue environment; blocking NDRG1 restored youthful repair speed but reduced long-term stem cell survival.", "year": "2026", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41610257/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Tissue Regeneration & Repair", "discovery": "Contributed foundational work establishing that muscle stem cell (satellite cell) quiescence/activation dynamics change with age and injury, shaping the field's model of age-related decline in regenerative capacity.", "year": "2000s-2010s", "evidence_url": "https://stemcell.ucla.edu/news/muscle-stem-cells-build-resilience-lose-regenerative-power-age", "confidence": "medium" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [ { "name": "unspecified small-molecule/biologic candidates (screening pipeline)", "role": "co-founder", "stage": "preclinical", "company": "Fountain Therapeutics", "source_url": "https://www.drugdiscoverytrends.com/fountain-secures-6m-to-fund-anti-aging-research/" } ], "notes": "Co-founded Fountain Therapeutics (2018) with Dr. Joseph Rodgers, translating his lab's cellular-resilience/rejuvenation findings into an AI/computer-vision drug screening platform. The company screens small molecules and biologics on aging human cells (muscle stem cells, motor neurons) to find compounds that reverse phenotypic cellular age, targeting sarcopenia, dermatology, and neurodegenerative conditions (e.g. ALS). No named lead drug candidate with a public stage designation was found; pipeline remains preclinical/platform-stage as of available sources." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": 26, "companies": [ "Fountain Therapeutics" ], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [ "local: data/companies/fountain-therapeutics.md (agingbiotech.info)" ], "notes": "agingbiotech.info-sourced data (already scraped locally) lists Fountain Therapeutics total raised at $26M, with Eli Lilly listed as a pharma partner/investor. Figure covers company-level funding, not personal founder compensation." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (self, single-model placeholder)", "estimate_years": 0.2, "range_low": 0.0, "range_high": 0.6, "reasoning": "Rando's parabiosis and muscle stem cell aging work is highly influential foundational science that shaped the field's understanding of extrinsic rejuvenation factors, but Fountain Therapeutics has no approved or late-stage clinical candidate yet, so realized human lifespan impact to date is essentially zero; the estimate reflects speculative future potential if a sarcopenia-targeting compound from the platform reaches clinic and shows healthspan benefit." } ], "median_years": 0.2, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. No clinical data exists yet for any Fountain Therapeutics candidate; this figure is a rough forward-looking guess weighted heavily toward zero given preclinical stage." }, "researcher_notes": "Strong, well-documented academic record. Note the 2026 NDRG1/'survivorship bias' paper is very recent (published in Science per secondary sources); primary paper details (exact journal, full author list) should be verified directly if used in a citation-sensitive context beyond this summary." }, { "slug": "valter-longo", "name": "Valter Longo", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 3, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "unfilteredonline", "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 1.5, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 88, "citations_total": 37404, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://openalex.org/A5073120806", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Disambiguated via institution match: University of Southern California / LAC+USC Medical Center, works_count 350; this record ('Valter Daniel Longo') is clearly the correct match versus other fragmentary same-name OpenAlex entries with 0 citations/h-index." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Fasting-Mimicking Diets", "discovery": "Developed the Fasting-Mimicking Diet (FMD), a plant-based, low-calorie/low-protein/low-carbohydrate nutritional regimen designed to trigger the physiological fasting response (via TOR, PKA, IGF-1 pathways) and induce autophagy while remaining tolerable enough for periodic clinical/consumer use, unlike water-only fasting.", "year": "2015", "evidence_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valter_Longo", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Caloric Restriction & Dietary Restriction Biology", "discovery": "Published clinical trial evidence that repeated FMD cycles reduce markers of aging/disease risk (visceral fat, inflammation markers, IGF-1) and are associated with lower estimated biological age in human subjects.", "year": "2017", "evidence_url": "https://prnewswire.com/news-releases/l-nutra-marks-10th-anniversary-of-prolon-with-a-milestone-year-136-patents-40-clinical-trials-and-a-series-d-investment-round-302888579.html", "confidence": "medium" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [ { "name": "ProLon (Fasting-Mimicking Diet product)", "role": "founder/inventor", "stage": "approved (as a food/nutraceutical product, not a regulated drug)", "company": "L-Nutra", "source_url": "https://prolonlife.com/pages/our-story" } ], "notes": "ProLon is a commercialized nutritional product (FMD meal kit), not an FDA-approved pharmaceutical drug; classifying its regulatory stage as a food/nutraceutical rather than a drug. No separate small-molecule or biologic drug candidate with Longo as inventor was found in available sources." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": 83.5, "companies": [ "L-Nutra" ], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [ "https://dealroom.co/news/156054-l-nutra-raises-84m-series-d-from-mubadala-to-scale-longevity-nutrition/", "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/l-nutra-marks-10th-anniversary-of-prolon-with-a-milestone-year-136-patents-40-clinical-trials-and-a-series-d-investment-round-302888579.html" ], "notes": "L-Nutra (co-founded by Longo in 2009) raised an $83.5M Series D round led by Mubadala Investment Company; figure is company-level funding, not personal wealth. Longo reportedly donates 100% of his L-Nutra consulting fees and book royalties, and has pledged at least 95% of his L-Nutra equity to charity (Create Cures Foundation / Fondazione Valter Longo), per company/press sources; this detail is included for context but is not independently verified beyond press statements." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (self, single-model placeholder)", "estimate_years": 0.5, "range_low": 0.0, "range_high": 1.5, "reasoning": "FMD/ProLon has real human clinical trial data showing biomarker and estimated-biological-age improvements over repeated cycles, but no trial has measured actual lifespan extension in humans (impractical to run); the compound is widely adopted (1M+ users per company claims) which increases aggregate population health impact even if per-person effect size is modest and mostly healthspan- rather than lifespan-focused." } ], "median_years": 0.5, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. No RCT has measured mortality/lifespan endpoints for FMD in humans; existing trials measure surrogate biomarkers (inflammation, biological age scores, metabolic markers) only." }, "researcher_notes": "Solid academic and commercial record with good source triangulation. Note potential conflict-of-interest consideration in his own claims of non-profit status from L-Nutra; treat 'no personal profit' framing as a company/press claim rather than an independently audited fact." }, { "slug": "vera-gorbunova", "name": "Vera Gorbunova", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 3, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "unfilteredonline", "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 2.0, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 82, "citations_total": 27365, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://openalex.org/A5052978985", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Disambiguated via institution match: University of Rochester / University of Rochester Medicine, works_count 458; clearly the correct record versus other same/similar-name (Cyrillic-transliterated) entries with different affiliations." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Comparative Genomics of Long-Lived Species", "discovery": "Discovered that naked mole-rat cells secrete an ultra-high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid (HMW-HA, 6-12 MDa, roughly 5x larger than in humans/mice) due to a unique HAS2 gene sequence and slower hyaluronidase-mediated degradation, and showed this HMW-HA triggers early contact inhibition via the p16(Ink4a) pathway, explaining the species' exceptional cancer resistance.", "year": "2013", "evidence_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4414831/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Comparative Genomics of Long-Lived Species", "discovery": "Engineered transgenic mice overexpressing the naked mole-rat's Has2 gene ('supermice') and showed they had reduced spontaneous and chemically-induced cancers, ~4.4% longer median lifespan, ~12% longer maximum lifespan, and reduced age-related inflammation ('inflammaging'), demonstrating that a longevity/cancer-resistance mechanism from one species can be transferred to extend lifespan in another mammal.", "year": "2023", "evidence_url": "https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/08/230823165402.htm", "confidence": "high" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [], "notes": "No drug discovery output found. Gorbunova's work is fundamental/comparative biology research (primarily academic, University of Rochester); no company founder role or named drug candidate identified in available sources. Her HMW-hyaluronic-acid findings have inspired proposed therapeutic directions (hyaluronidase inhibitors, direct HMW-HA administration) discussed in review literature, but no specific company or candidate credited to her personally was found." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": null, "companies": [], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [], "notes": "No company-founder funding applies; Gorbunova is an academic researcher (University of Rochester). No specific major grant total figure was found in available sources; her research is presumably NIH/NIA grant-funded but a discrete total was not located." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (self, single-model placeholder)", "estimate_years": 0.1, "range_low": 0.0, "range_high": 0.4, "reasoning": "The naked mole-rat HMW-hyaluronic-acid mechanism is a genuinely novel and well-validated discovery (mouse lifespan extension shown directly), but translation to human therapeutics (small-molecule hyaluronidase inhibitors or HMW-HA delivery) is still early-stage with no clinical candidates identified; near-term realized human impact is essentially zero, with modest speculative future upside." } ], "median_years": 0.1, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. This is fundamental discovery research with a clear proof-of-concept in mice but no human clinical translation pathway identified yet." }, "researcher_notes": "High-confidence academic record and a clean, well-cited, high-impact discovery (naked mole-rat HMW-HA and its mouse transgenic validation). No drug discovery or funding data found; this is a purely academic-science profile among this cohort." }, { "slug": "adam-antebi", "name": "Adam Antebi", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 1.5, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 55, "citations_total": 15100, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://openalex.org/A5036663290", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Disambiguated via institution match: University of Cologne / Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing / CECAD, works_count 217; matches known Director role at Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Genomic Instability & DNA Damage", "discovery": "Discovered that nucleolus size in C. elegans shrinks under longevity-promoting conditions (dietary restriction, reduced insulin signaling) via downregulated ribosome biogenesis mediated by the tumor suppressor NCL-1, and showed smaller nucleolus size correlates with extended lifespan across species including flies, mice, and humans, establishing nucleolar size as a cross-species longevity biomarker.", "year": "2017", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28853436/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Germline & Reproductive Aging", "discovery": "Discovered that removal of germline stem cells in C. elegans triggers production of the steroid hormone dafachronic acid (DA), which reprograms somatic physiology from reproduction toward longevity via a developmental-clock-like mechanism, linking reproductive signaling directly to lifespan regulation.", "year": "2012", "evidence_url": "https://www.mpg.de/6696558/reproduction-lifespan", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Deregulated Nutrient Sensing (mTOR/AMPK/IGF-1)", "discovery": "Identified the folate/methionine one-carbon metabolic cycle as a convergent metabolic signature shared across multiple long-lived C. elegans mutants, showing that manipulating this cycle to induce methionine restriction triggers a conserved survival/longevity response.", "year": "2021", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34108489/", "confidence": "high" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [], "notes": "No drug discovery output found. Antebi is an academic researcher (Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing director); no company founder role or named drug candidate identified in available sources." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": null, "companies": [], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [], "notes": "No company-founder funding applies. Presumably funded through Max Planck Society institutional funding and competitive grants, but a discrete total figure was not located in available sources." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (self, single-model placeholder)", "estimate_years": 0.0, "range_low": 0.0, "range_high": 0.1, "reasoning": "Antebi's work is high-quality basic-science mechanism discovery in C. elegans and cross-species biomarker correlation, several steps removed from any human clinical application; no direct pathway to measurable human lifespan impact currently exists." } ], "median_years": 0.0, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. This is invertebrate model-organism basic science; translation potential to human therapeutics is real but distant and speculative." }, "researcher_notes": "High-confidence academic record with several well-documented, specific mechanistic discoveries in C. elegans longevity biology. No drug discovery or funding data found, consistent with a purely academic career profile." }, { "slug": "alejandro-ocampo", "name": "Alejandro Ocampo", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 1.0, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 26, "citations_total": 5518, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://api.openalex.org/authors/A5071577840", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "high", "notes": "OpenAlex ID A5071577840, disambiguated by institution match (Salk Institute 2013-2022, then University of Lausanne 2020-2026) and aging-relevant topics (Genetics/Aging/Longevity in Model Organisms, Pluripotent Stem Cells Research). works_count=66." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "In Vivo Partial Reprogramming", "discovery": "First author of the 2016 Cell paper 'In Vivo Amelioration of Age-Associated Hallmarks by Partial Reprogramming' (with Izpisua Belmonte lab, Salk Institute), showing cyclic short-duration expression of Yamanaka factors (OSKM) in mice reduces markers of aging and extends lifespan of progeria mice by roughly 30% without inducing teratomas, establishing partial reprogramming as a viable in vivo anti-aging strategy.", "year": "2016", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27984723/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Cellular Reprogramming (iPSC, partial reprogramming)", "discovery": "Established the African turquoise killifish (Nothobranchius furzeri) as a fast whole-lifespan model in his Lausanne lab to accelerate testing of reprogramming and rejuvenation interventions.", "year": "2020", "evidence_url": "https://www.blog.alpian.com/opinion/interview/interview-with-prof-alejandro-ocampo", "confidence": "medium" }, { "area": "Neural Stem Cells & Neurogenesis", "discovery": "Collaborative work (with YouthBio Therapeutics) demonstrating neuron-specific partial reprogramming in the dentate gyrus reverses age-related cognitive decline and memory/learning deficits in mice.", "year": "2023", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38040663/", "confidence": "medium" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [ { "name": "high-throughput multi-organism drug/longevity screening platform (unnamed small-molecule candidates)", "role": "co-founder", "stage": "preclinical", "company": "Epiterna SA", "source_url": "https://www.biopole.ch/epiterna-raised-e10-million-to-help-everyone-live-longer-and-better/" } ], "notes": "No named clinical-stage drug candidate identified. Epiterna is a preclinical drug-screening platform company (five model organisms, yeast to mice) co-founded by Ocampo; no specific compound has advanced to human trials as of research date." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": 10.8, "companies": [ "Epiterna SA" ], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [ "https://www.biopole.ch/epiterna-raised-e10-million-to-help-everyone-live-longer-and-better/", "https://www.vischer.com/insights/longevity-startup-epiterna-raises-eur-10million-from-prima-materia-40233" ], "notes": "Epiterna SA (Biopole/Epalinges, Switzerland) raised EUR 10 million (~USD 10.8M) in 2023 from Prima Materia (Daniel Ek's investment firm). Epiterna is not in this dataset's data/companies/ directory, so this figure is from independent web_search only, not cross-verified against agingbiotech.info scrape." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (self-estimate, single model, not a true ensemble)", "estimate_years": 0.5, "range_low": 0.1, "range_high": 2, "reasoning": "Partial reprogramming is scientifically significant and has strongly influenced the field's research direction, but no reprogramming-based therapeutic has reached human trials or shown any human lifespan effect. Any eventual human impact is highly speculative and likely small in the near term given safety/tumorigenicity hurdles still being worked out in animal models." } ], "median_years": 0.5, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. Only one model was used in this sub-agent pass; a true multi-model ensemble is a planned refinement step." }, "researcher_notes": "Strong, well-documented academic contribution to partial reprogramming field (co-first-author on a highly cited landmark 2016 Cell paper). Drug discovery output is thin: Epiterna is preclinical-stage with no named compounds yet, consistent with 'no drug discovery output found' at the compound level. Funding figure for Epiterna is independently sourced (not in data/companies/) and should be flagged for cross-check in a refinement pass." }, { "slug": "andrea-maier", "name": "Andrea Maier", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "unfilteredonline" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 0.0, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 82, "citations_total": 33306, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://api.openalex.org/authors/A5015665688", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "high", "notes": "OpenAlex ID A5015665688 (Andrea Britta Maier). Disambiguated by affiliation history matching known career path: Leiden University / Leiden University Medical Center (NL), University of Melbourne / Royal Melbourne Hospital (AU), National University of Singapore (SG). works_count=744, i10_index=395." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Frailty & Multimorbidity Research", "discovery": "Long-standing clinical geroscience research program on physical function, frailty, and sarcopenia in older adults, spanning roles at Leiden, VU Amsterdam, Melbourne, and NUS; established as one of the field's most-cited clinician-scientists on healthy aging and frailty biomarkers.", "year": "2009-2026", "evidence_url": "https://discovery.nus.edu.sg/19564-andrea-britta-maier", "confidence": "medium" }, { "area": "Longevity Clinical Trial Design & Biostatistics", "discovery": "Co-founded and directs the NUS Academy for Healthy Longevity / Centre for Healthy Longevity, and helped launch a clinical trial centre at NUS specifically for testing longevity interventions (e.g., NMN, alpha-ketoglutarate, lifestyle interventions) against biological-age endpoints.", "year": "2021-2025", "evidence_url": "https://longevityacademy.sg/about-us/our-team", "confidence": "medium" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [], "notes": "No drug discovery output found. Maier is a clinician-scientist and clinic founder (Chi Longevity in Singapore, Maier's Longevity in the Netherlands) rather than a drug developer; her clinics offer supplements and lifestyle interventions, not novel drug candidates she originated." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": null, "companies": [ "Chi Longevity", "Maier's Longevity" ], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [ "https://chilongevity.com/about-us/", "https://dewesthof.nl/maiers-longevity/" ], "notes": "Chi Longevity (Singapore, co-founded 2022) and Maier's Longevity (Netherlands, founded 2024) are longevity clinics, not in this dataset's data/companies/ directory. No specific funding-raised figures were found via web_search; these appear to be clinical practices rather than venture-funded biotechs, so a funding round figure may simply not exist." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (self-estimate, single model, not a true ensemble)", "estimate_years": 0.2, "range_low": 0, "range_high": 0.5, "reasoning": "Maier's impact is primarily as a clinician, academic leader, and clinical-trial infrastructure builder rather than as a discoverer of a specific intervention; her clinics apply existing, modestly-evidenced interventions (lifestyle, some supplements) rather than novel high-impact therapeutics, so direct measurable population lifespan impact is very low to negligible at this stage." } ], "median_years": 0.2, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. Only one model was used in this sub-agent pass; a true multi-model ensemble is a planned refinement step." }, "researcher_notes": "Maier is primarily a clinical geroscientist/educator/clinic-founder rather than a lab-based discoverer or drug developer. Very high citation profile reflects a large, long clinical research career (frailty, sarcopenia, geriatric medicine) rather than a single landmark discovery. No drug candidates or company funding rounds were found; her ventures appear to be clinics, which may not have public funding disclosures the way biotech startups do." }, { "slug": "andrew-dillin", "name": "Andrew Dillin", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 2.0, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 72, "citations_total": 30834, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://api.openalex.org/authors/A5015372011", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "high", "notes": "OpenAlex ID A5015372011. Disambiguated by affiliation (Salk Institute, UC Berkeley, HHMI investigator, Gladstone Institutes) and topics (Genetics/Aging/Longevity in Model Organisms count=111, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Disease, Mitochondrial Function and Pathology, FOXO transcription factor regulation). Unambiguous single top result (only 2 candidates returned, other irrelevant). works_count=193, i10_index=132." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Mitochondrial Dysfunction", "discovery": "Discovered (2011, Cell) that mitochondrial stress signaling via the UPRmt is cell-non-autonomous in C. elegans: knocking down electron transport chain function specifically in neurons triggers a protective unfolded protein response in distal, unstressed intestinal cells, establishing systemic 'mitokine' communication of mitochondrial stress across tissues.", "year": "2011", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21215371/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Deregulated Nutrient Sensing (mTOR/AMPK/IGF-1)", "discovery": "Identified Wnt signaling (EGL-20) and serotonin as key molecular mediators of the neuron-to-intestine mitochondrial stress signal in C. elegans, explaining how the UPRmt-linked longevity signal is transmitted between tissues.", "year": "2018", "evidence_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6086732/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Epigenetic Alterations", "discovery": "Showed (2016, back-to-back Cell papers) that transient early-life mitochondrial stress produces a permanent 'mitochondrial memory' via chromatin remodeling (histone methyltransferases MET-2/LIN-65, demethylases JMJD-1.2/JMJD-3.1) that extends lifespan long after the initial stress has resolved.", "year": "2016", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27133166/", "confidence": "high" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [], "notes": "No drug discovery output found. Dillin's work is foundational basic-science research on mitochondrial stress signaling and the UPRmt pathway (largely in C. elegans); no evidence found of a company, patent, or clinical-stage candidate directly founded/co-invented by him as of research date." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": null, "companies": [], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [], "notes": "No founder/exec role or company funding found. Dillin is an HHMI Investigator and academic lab head (UC Berkeley); this is a grant-funded academic career, not a founder role. No specific major grant total dollar figure was independently verified in this pass." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (self-estimate, single model, not a true ensemble)", "estimate_years": 0.1, "range_low": 0, "range_high": 0.5, "reasoning": "Dillin's UPRmt/mitokine discoveries are foundational and highly influential for the mechanistic understanding of mitochondrial dysfunction in aging, but remain entirely in basic C. elegans/mouse research with no translated human therapeutic; direct human lifespan impact to date is effectively zero, with only long-term indirect potential via future drug programs inspired by this pathway." } ], "median_years": 0.1, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. Only one model was used in this sub-agent pass; a true multi-model ensemble is a planned refinement step." }, "researcher_notes": "Dillin is a pure basic-science academic (HHMI Investigator, UC Berkeley) with a very strong, unambiguous OpenAlex match and rich, well-documented discovery record on mitochondrial stress signaling and longevity. No drug discovery or funding-raised role identified; profile is academic_output + genuine_discoveries heavy, consistent with his career path." }, { "slug": "andrzej-bartke", "name": "Andrzej Bartke", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 1.5, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 89, "citations_total": 32647, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://api.openalex.org/authors/A5018886262", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "high", "notes": "OpenAlex ID A5018886262. Disambiguated by affiliation match: Southern Illinois University Carbondale / SIU Medicine / Southern Illinois University System, spanning 1985-2025, matching his long career there. Unambiguous top result by relevance score (works_count=778, i10_index=512)." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Deregulated Nutrient Sensing (mTOR/AMPK/IGF-1)", "discovery": "Co-discovered (with Holly Brown-Borg, 1996) that Ames dwarf mice, which lack growth hormone, prolactin, and TSH due to a Prop1 pituitary mutation, live approximately 50% longer than normal littermates, establishing the GH/IGF-1 axis as a central longevity-determining pathway in mammals.", "year": "1996", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29653683/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Genetics of Human Longevity (GWAS, centenarian studies)", "discovery": "Bartke's lab produced the growth hormone receptor knockout (GHR-KO / Laron dwarf) mouse 'GHR-KO 11C', which lived 1,819 days, the longest-documented laboratory mouse lifespan at the time, and won the inaugural Methuselah Mouse Prize (MPrize) from the Methuselah Foundation in 2003, demonstrating that blocking GH receptor signaling (not just GH production) also robustly extends mammalian lifespan.", "year": "2003", "evidence_url": "https://www.mfoundation.org/news/2022/3/16/mprize-blog", "confidence": "high" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [], "notes": "No drug discovery output found. Bartke's contributions are genetic/physiological mouse-model discoveries (dwarf mice, GHR-KO mice) establishing the GH/IGF-1-longevity link; this basic research underlies later industry programs (e.g., Loyal's IGF-1-targeting dog drugs) but no evidence found that Bartke himself founded a company or co-invented a specific drug candidate." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": null, "companies": [], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [], "notes": "No founder/exec role or company funding found. Bartke is a long-tenured academic at Southern Illinois University School of Medicine; his career is grant-funded academic research, not entrepreneurial." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (self-estimate, single model, not a true ensemble)", "estimate_years": 0.3, "range_low": 0, "range_high": 1, "reasoning": "Bartke's GH/IGF-1 discoveries are among the most foundational and reproducible longevity findings in mammalian model organisms and directly underpin ongoing drug programs (e.g., Loyal's canine IGF-1 drugs) as well as decades of human epidemiology on GH/IGF-1 and longevity (e.g., Laron syndrome studies); however no direct human therapeutic has resulted from his own work, so measured human lifespan impact remains indirect and modest to date." } ], "median_years": 0.3, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. Only one model was used in this sub-agent pass; a true multi-model ensemble is a planned refinement step." }, "researcher_notes": "Bartke is a foundational basic-science figure whose dwarf-mouse work (Ames dwarf, GHR-KO) is among the most cited and most reproduced longevity findings in the field, directly informing the GH/IGF-1 mechanistic basis now used by companies like Loyal (Celine Halioua, also in this research batch). No drug discovery or funding role of his own found; profile is academic_output + genuine_discoveries heavy." }, { "slug": "anne-brunet", "name": "Anne Brunet", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 2.5, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 92, "citations_total": 52706, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://api.openalex.org/authors/A5088357328", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "high", "notes": "OpenAlex ID A5088357328 (Anne Sophie Brunet). Disambiguated by affiliation match: Stanford University / Stanford Medicine (2004-2026, primary/last known institution), Howard Hughes Medical Institute, prior postdoc at Harvard/Boston Children's Hospital. Topics match aging researcher profile (Genetics/Aging/Longevity in Model Organisms count=93, FOXO transcription factor regulation count=38). works_count=253, i10_index=156." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Sirtuins & NAD+ Metabolism", "discovery": "Early landmark work (as a postdoc, 1999, Cell) identifying FOXO transcription factors as direct downstream targets of Akt/insulin-PI3K signaling, establishing FOXO as a central node connecting the insulin/IGF-1 pathway to longevity and stress-resistance gene programs, a discovery foundational to the field's later identification of human FOXO3 longevity variants.", "year": "1999", "evidence_url": "https://openalex.org/T12835", "confidence": "medium" }, { "area": "Neural Stem Cells & Neurogenesis", "discovery": "Stanford lab research characterizing how neural stem cells become quiescent and functionally decline with age, including roles for chromatin and lipid metabolism regulators in maintaining or restoring youthful neural stem cell function.", "year": "2012-2020", "evidence_url": "https://brunetlab.stanford.edu/", "confidence": "medium" }, { "area": "Comparative Genomics of Long-Lived Species", "discovery": "Contributed comparative-genomics/epigenomics research using long-lived and short-lived model organisms (e.g., killifish, naked mole rat literature engagement) to identify conserved longevity-associated regulatory mechanisms.", "year": "2015-2022", "evidence_url": "https://brunetlab.stanford.edu/", "confidence": "low" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [], "notes": "No drug discovery output found. Brunet is a basic-science academic (Stanford, HHMI-affiliated via prior fellowship) with no identified company founding, patent, or clinical-stage candidate role." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": null, "companies": [], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [], "notes": "No founder/exec role or company funding found. Brunet's career is grant-funded academic research at Stanford; no evidence of a founder role in a longevity biotech company as of research date." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (self-estimate, single model, not a true ensemble)", "estimate_years": 0.2, "range_low": 0, "range_high": 0.8, "reasoning": "Brunet's early FOXO/insulin-signaling discovery is foundational and helped establish a pathway (FOXO3) later validated in human centenarian genetics, giving it unusually strong translational credibility for a basic-science contribution, but it has not itself produced an approved or clinical-stage human therapy, so direct measured lifespan impact remains indirect." } ], "median_years": 0.2, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. Only one model was used in this sub-agent pass; a true multi-model ensemble is a planned refinement step." }, "researcher_notes": "Web search for Brunet-specific discovery details repeatedly timed out during this research pass; genuine_discoveries entries rely on OpenAlex topic metadata (FOXO transcription factor regulation, 38 works) combined with general domain knowledge of her well-established FOXO/insulin-signaling and neural stem cell aging research programs at Stanford. The 1999 FOXO/Akt discovery citation is a general area reference (OpenAlex topic page), not a specific paper URL; this should be re-verified with a direct PubMed/paper lookup in a refinement pass. No drug discovery or funding role found, consistent with a pure-academic career." }, { "slug": "bj-rn-schumacher", "name": "Bj\u00f6rn Schumacher", "alt_names": [ "Bjorn Schumacher" ], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 2.5, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 50, "citations_total": 10720, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://api.openalex.org/authors/A5062040602", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "high", "notes": "OpenAlex ID A5062040602 (Bjorn Schumacher). Disambiguated by affiliation match: University of Cologne (last known institution, 2008-2026, matching the pre-existing profile), Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD). Only 1 result returned by OpenAlex search, unambiguous match. works_count=292, i10_index=107." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Genomic Instability & DNA Damage", "discovery": "Identified the DREAM transcriptional repressor complex as a master 'brake' that suppresses most DNA-repair pathways specifically in somatic (non-germline) cells; genetic or pharmacological inhibition of DREAM activated germline-like high-fidelity DNA repair in C. elegans and human cells and reduced age-related tissue damage (including photoreceptor loss) in progeroid mice.", "year": "2023", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36959262/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Germline & Reproductive Aging", "discovery": "Showed (Nature, 2023) that mature sperm lack DNA-repair machinery, so paternal DNA damage is passed into the egg and fixed only by an error-prone backup pathway (polymerase theta-mediated end joining, TMEJ) because tightly compacted sperm chromatin blocks accurate repair enzymes; loosening the paternal chromatin structure allowed accurate repair and healthy offspring, explaining how paternal DNA damage is inherited.", "year": "2023", "evidence_url": "https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/12/221221121231.htm", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Aging Clocks (multi-modal: methylation, proteomic, imaging)", "discovery": "Co-published (Nature Aging, 2024, with David Meyer) evidence that epigenetic aging clocks primarily measure accumulating stochastic (random) transcriptional/methylation noise rather than a programmed developmental countdown, and that cellular reprogramming can reverse this stochastic noise, resetting the biological clock.", "year": "2024", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38724736/", "confidence": "high" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [], "notes": "No drug discovery output found. Schumacher's work has produced a pharmacological DREAM-complex inhibitor concept validated in mouse models, but no named clinical-stage drug candidate or company founded by him was identified as of research date." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": null, "companies": [], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [], "notes": "No founder/exec role or company funding found. Schumacher is Director of the Institute for Genome Stability in Aging and Disease at CECAD, University of Cologne, a grant-funded academic position; not in this dataset's data/companies/ directory." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (self-estimate, single model, not a true ensemble)", "estimate_years": 0.2, "range_low": 0, "range_high": 0.6, "reasoning": "Schumacher's DREAM-complex and stochastic-aging-clock discoveries are recent (2023-2024), mechanistically important, and have plausible pharmacological angles (DREAM inhibition), but remain in early preclinical/mouse-model stages with no human translation yet, so measured human lifespan impact is essentially zero to date with modest long-term potential." } ], "median_years": 0.2, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. Only one model was used in this sub-agent pass; a true multi-model ensemble is a planned refinement step." }, "researcher_notes": "Schumacher's profile only existed in the senescence.info source file (no prior agingbiotech.info scrape found in data/people/), unlike most other assigned people. Strong, recent, well-documented discovery record (DREAM complex, paternal DNA damage inheritance, stochastic aging clocks) across three distinct genuine_discoveries. No drug/funding role identified; pure academic profile." }, { "slug": "bryan-johnson", "name": "Bryan Johnson", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "unfilteredonline" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 2.5, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": null, "citations_total": null, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://api.openalex.org/authors?search=Bryan Johnson", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "low", "notes": "OpenAlex search for 'Bryan Johnson' (73 results) returned no plausible match: the top-relevance result (A5010966463, h-index 67) is an atmospheric scientist/meteorologist (NOAA, University of Colorado Boulder, University of Wyoming affiliations, topics all climate/meteorology), clearly a different person. No OpenAlex author record matching the longevity entrepreneur was identified among visible results. Marking as not found rather than guessing; Johnson has no traditional peer-reviewed academic publication record as he is an entrepreneur/self-experimenter, not an academic researcher." }, "genuine_discoveries": [], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [], "notes": "No drug discovery output found. Bryan Johnson is a self-experimenter and public advocate (Project Blueprint / 'Don't Die') and a venture investor (OS Fund), not a scientist or drug inventor. Blueprint's commercial offerings (supplements, telehealth prescriptions of existing generic drugs like metformin, low-dose tadalafil, acarbose, and topical minoxidil via 'Immortals Medicine') repackage and prescribe already-approved generic medications rather than originating novel drug candidates." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": 167, "companies": [ "Kernel", "Blueprint (Bryan Johnson enterprises / Protocol)" ], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [ "https://news.crunchbase.com/startups/general-catalyst-backed-kernel-will-use-53m-series-c-to-tap-into-the-human-mind/", "https://insider.fitt.co/bryan-johnsons-blueprint-raises-60m/", "https://longevity.technology/news/bryan-johnsons-blueprint-raises-star-studded-60m-funding-round/" ], "notes": "Not in this dataset's data/companies/ directory under a Bryan-Johnson-specific entry (searched for kernel/blueprint/braintree/os-fund company files and found none), so figures are independently sourced via web_search only. Kernel (neurotechnology, founded 2016): raised $53M Series C led by General Catalyst, total funding >$107M including his own initial $54M personal investment. Blueprint (longevity/self-experimentation-turned-commercial platform): closed a $60M funding round (2025-2026) from angel investors (Naval Ravikant, Winklevoss twins, Balaji Srinivasan, etc.), not institutional VC. Combined Kernel ($107M) + Blueprint ($60M) = approximately $167M in company-level funding. OS Fund ($100M) was capital Johnson deployed AS an investor from his own Braintree/Venmo exit proceeds, not funding he raised for a company he leads, so it is excluded here to avoid mischaracterizing investor capital as raised funding." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (self-estimate, single model, not a true ensemble)", "estimate_years": 0.1, "range_low": 0, "range_high": 0.5, "reasoning": "Johnson has not originated any novel therapeutic; his impact is cultural/attentional (drawing massive public and media attention to longevity medicine, normalizing biomarker tracking and existing off-patent geroprotector candidates like rapamycin/metformin) and commercial (Blueprint supplement/telehealth platform), rather than scientific discovery. Any population-level human lifespan impact would come indirectly through increased public adoption of already-known interventions (diet, exercise, sleep, some repurposed generics), which is plausible but not measurable or attributable specifically to him with any precision." } ], "median_years": 0.1, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. Only one model was used in this sub-agent pass; a true multi-model ensemble is a planned refinement step." }, "researcher_notes": "Academic output is genuinely 'not found': no peer-reviewed publication record exists for Johnson, and the OpenAlex top-relevance match for 'Bryan Johnson' is a different person (an atmospheric scientist/meteorologist). No genuine_discoveries entries because Johnson has not made a scientific discovery; his role is entrepreneur, self-experimenter, and public advocate. Net worth (~$400-500M, from the 2013 PayPal acquisition of Braintree/Venmo for $800M) is a separate figure from company funding raised and was deliberately excluded from funding_raised per the spec, which asks for capital raised for companies, not personal net worth." }, { "slug": "carlos-lopez-otin", "name": "Carlos Lopez-Otin", "alt_names": [ "Carlos Lopez-Ot\u00edn" ], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 1.5, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 150, "citations_total": 141213, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://api.openalex.org/authors/A5087974982", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "high", "notes": "OpenAlex ID A5087974982 (Carlos Lopez-Otin / Lopez-Otin). Disambiguated by affiliation match: Universidad de Oviedo, Spain (1989-2026, primary institution, matching pre-existing profile). Very large works_count=697, i10_index=481, unambiguous top result by relevance score." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Genomic Instability & DNA Damage", "discovery": "Co-author (with Blasco, Partridge, Serrano, Kroemer) of the field-defining 2013 Cell paper 'The Hallmarks of Aging', which organized the molecular biology of aging into nine (later twelve, in the 2023 update) categorizable hallmarks; this framework became the standard organizing scheme for aging biology research worldwide, directly analogous to the influential 'Hallmarks of Cancer' paper.", "year": "2013", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23746838/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Genomic Instability & DNA Damage", "discovery": "Co-authored the 2023 update 'Hallmarks of aging: An expanding universe' (Cell), expanding the original nine hallmarks to twelve, incorporating new evidence on macroautophagy, chronic inflammation, and dysbiosis.", "year": "2023", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36599349/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Loss of Proteostasis", "discovery": "Lab research (University of Oviedo, degradome.uniovi.es) on proteolytic enzymes (proteases) and their roles in premature aging syndromes such as Hutchinson-Gilford progeria (lamin A/nuclear envelope proteins), cellular senescence, and cancer, characterizing the 'degradome' relevant to aging pathology.", "year": "2003-2020", "evidence_url": "http://degradome.uniovi.es/", "confidence": "medium" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [], "notes": "No drug discovery output found. Lopez-Otin is a basic-science academic (biochemist/molecular biologist) studying proteases and aging mechanisms; no evidence of company founding or specific drug candidate co-invention identified." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": null, "companies": [], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [], "notes": "No founder/exec role or company funding found. Lopez-Otin's career is grant-funded academic research at Universidad de Oviedo; not in this dataset's data/companies/ directory." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (self-estimate, single model, not a true ensemble)", "estimate_years": 0.1, "range_low": 0, "range_high": 0.4, "reasoning": "The Hallmarks of Aging framework has had enormous influence on how the entire field organizes research priorities and communicates with funders/regulators, arguably accelerating translational progress across many other researchers' and companies' programs, but it is a conceptual/organizing contribution rather than a direct therapeutic, so any measured human lifespan impact attributable specifically to Lopez-Otin's own work is indirect and very small." } ], "median_years": 0.1, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. Only one model was used in this sub-agent pass; a true multi-model ensemble is a planned refinement step." }, "researcher_notes": "Lopez-Otin's profile only existed in the senescence.info source file (no prior agingbiotech.info scrape found in data/people/), unlike most other assigned people. Extremely high citation/h-index profile driven substantially by the two Hallmarks of Aging papers (among the most-cited papers in the aging field) plus a large body of protease/degradome research. No drug/funding role identified; pure academic profile." }, { "slug": "celine-halioua", "name": "Celine Halioua", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "unfilteredonline" ], "company_affiliation": "Loyal", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 2.0, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 6, "citations_total": 99, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://api.openalex.org/authors/A5071789659", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "medium", "notes": "OpenAlex ID A5071789659, listed as 'Celine-Lea Halioua-Haubold'. Disambiguated by affiliation match: University of Oxford (2017-2020), Human Longevity Inc. (2024-2025, matching her known industry career path). Only 1 result returned by OpenAlex search. works_count=14. Lower confidence than typical because she is primarily an entrepreneur, not an active academic researcher, so this h-index reflects an early-career/pre-founding publication record rather than an ongoing research output." }, "genuine_discoveries": [], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [ { "name": "LOY-001", "role": "founder/CEO", "stage": "preclinical (FDA RXE efficacy acceptance for veterinary conditional approval, late 2023)", "company": "Loyal (Cellular Longevity Inc.)", "source_url": "https://www.dvm360.com/view/fda-determines-drug-for-lifespan-extension-in-large-dogs-to-have-a-reasonable-expectation-of-effectiveness" }, { "name": "LOY-002", "role": "founder/CEO", "stage": "preclinical (FDA RXE efficacy accepted Feb 2025; FDA TAS safety accepted Jan 2026; STAY study fully enrolled, ~1,300 dogs)", "company": "Loyal (Cellular Longevity Inc.)", "source_url": "https://www.biospace.com/press-releases/loyal-earns-third-efficacy-acceptance-rxe-from-the-fda-for-canine-lifespan-extension" }, { "name": "LOY-003", "role": "founder/CEO", "stage": "preclinical (FDA RXE efficacy accepted Sep 2026)", "company": "Loyal (Cellular Longevity Inc.)", "source_url": "https://longevity.technology/news/loyals-big-dog-lifespan-drug-clears-third-fda-hurdle/" } ], "notes": "Halioua founded and leads Loyal, whose three canine lifespan-extension drug candidates (LOY-001/002/003, targeting the IGF-1 pathway in large/giant breeds and metabolic dysfunction in senior dogs) are the furthest-advanced 'lifespan as an endpoint' veterinary drug programs in the industry, though none has yet received full FDA New Animal Drug Application approval as of research date." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": 150, "companies": [ "Loyal" ], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [ "https://loyal.com/posts/100m-for-first-longevity-drug" ], "notes": "Cross-referenced against data/companies/loyal.md (agingbiotech.info scrape): Loyal total raised = $150M as of the scrape date (2026-09-28), founded 2019, ~64 employees. Loyal previously reported a $100M raise for its first longevity drug (per loyal.com press material), consistent with the $150M cumulative total in the companies dataset." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (self-estimate, single model, not a true ensemble)", "estimate_years": 0, "range_low": 0, "range_high": 0.2, "reasoning": "Halioua's regulatory achievement (getting the FDA's Center for Veterinary Medicine to formally accept 'lifespan extension' as a clinical endpoint) is a major structural breakthrough for the longevity field's regulatory pathway and could meaningfully accelerate future human and veterinary longevity drug approvals industry-wide, but Loyal's own drugs are veterinary (dogs, not humans) and none has full approval yet, so direct human lifespan impact to date is zero." } ], "median_years": 0, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. Only one model was used in this sub-agent pass; a true multi-model ensemble is a planned refinement step. Note this estimate is specifically for HUMAN lifespan extension; her impact on canine lifespan/healthspan (her actual target species) is plausibly much larger but outside the scope of this human-focused metric." }, "researcher_notes": "No genuine_discoveries entries because Halioua's contribution is regulatory/entrepreneurial (achieving FDA acceptance of lifespan as a formal endpoint) rather than a specific scientific finding attributable to her own bench research; this is captured instead under drug_discovery and is arguably her most significant field-level contribution. Academic h-index is low and reflects a brief pre-founding research stint, not an ongoing scientific career, consistent with her primary role as a biotech founder/CEO." }, { "slug": "chris-patil", "name": "Chris Patil", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": "BioAge Labs", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 0.0, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": null, "citations_total": null, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://api.openalex.org/authors?search=Chris%20Patil", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "low", "notes": "OpenAlex has no clean, high-confidence match. Three candidates surfaced under 'Chris Patil'/'Chris K. Patil': (1) HHMI-affiliated 'Chris Patil' with h-index 1, 784 citations, but only 1 work and unrelated topics (likely a different HHMI-linked person or a data artifact); (2) 'C. G. Patil' at Karnatak University, clearly a different person (physics topics); (3) 'Chris K. Patil' with 0 works_count-based stats but aging/longevity topics (Genetics/Aging/Longevity in Model Organisms, Glutathione Transferases), 2 works, h-index 0, which most plausibly corresponds to this Chris Patil's bench-science period (Buck Institute / Berkeley / Broad Institute, per bio), but citation/h-index data is too thin to be meaningful. Patil's own biography (per web search) describes ~20 years as an aging/senescence researcher (LBNL/UC Berkeley, Buck Institute, Broad Institute) before pivoting a decade ago into scientific editing and then biotech communications, which is consistent with sparse recent publication output under his own name post-pivot." }, "genuine_discoveries": [], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [], "notes": "No drug discovery output found. Patil is VP of Media/Communications at BioAge Labs (not an R&D role); he hosts the 'Translating Aging' podcast and previously worked as a scientific editor. BioAge Labs itself (his employer) has real drug candidates (e.g., an APJ/apelin agonist and an NLRP3 inhibitor in Phase 2, partnered with Eli Lilly), but there is no evidence Patil is an inventor, co-inventor, or scientific lead on any of them; he is not listed as key team/founder in agingbiotech.info's BioAge Labs profile (key team: Kristen Fortney, Eric Morgen, Paul Rubin)." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": null, "companies": [], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [], "notes": "Patil is not a founder or executive with fundraising responsibility at BioAge Labs; he holds a communications/media role. No independent grants or fundraising attributable to him personally were found." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (single-model placeholder)", "estimate_years": 0.0, "range_low": 0.0, "range_high": 0.05, "reasoning": "Patil's career, per available evidence, is now centered on science communication (podcast host, VP of Media) rather than original bench research, drug discovery, or company leadership with R&D authority. His prior ~20-year academic research career left no verifiable high-impact discovery in the record searched. Direct lifespan-extension impact attributable to him personally is effectively negligible; any indirect impact (via improved public/investor understanding of aging science) is real but not quantifiable in years of human lifespan." } ], "median_years": 0.0, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. Single-model estimate only; a true multi-model ensemble has not been run in this pass." }, "researcher_notes": "Notable mismatch between agingbiotech.info's 'People in Aging' inclusion criteria (which credits Patil via his BioAge Labs affiliation and Translating Aging podcast) and his actual role, which is communications/media, not scientific leadership or drug discovery. Should probably be tagged primarily under 'Longevity Advocacy & Science Communication' (area 99) rather than any bench-science area, if a scoring dimension is added later. OpenAlex identity resolution for this person is genuinely ambiguous; flagged low confidence throughout rather than guessing." }, { "slug": "christian-angermayer", "name": "Christian Angermayer", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "unfilteredonline" ], "company_affiliation": "Rejuveron", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 0.0, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": null, "citations_total": null, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://api.openalex.org/authors?search=Christian%20Angermayer", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "high", "notes": "No OpenAlex author record found. This is expected and consistent: Angermayer is a serial entrepreneur/investor with a biochemistry background (studied at University of Bayreuth, dropped out to co-found Ribopharma AG at age 21) but has no track record as a publishing scientist. High confidence that he has no meaningful academic output, not a data gap." }, "genuine_discoveries": [], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [ { "name": "Multiple RNAi-based candidates (originating from Ribopharma AG technology, later Alnylam pipeline)", "role": "co-founder (business/commercial, not scientific)", "stage": "approved", "company": "Ribopharma AG (merged into Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, 2003)", "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Angermayer" }, { "name": "Various geroscience candidates via hub-and-spoke portfolio (e.g. Endogena, Rejuvenate Biomed, Rejuveron Senescence Tx, Rejuveron Telomere Tx, Rejuveron Vascular Tx, Boost Neuro)", "role": "co-founder/investor", "stage": "preclinical", "company": "Centenara Labs AG (formerly Rejuveron Life Sciences)", "source_url": "https://www.fiercepharma.com/marketing/rejuveron-life-sciences-rejuvenates-centenara-labs" }, { "name": "ATX-304 and other hub-and-spoke candidates (AMPK, mTOR targets)", "role": "co-founder/investor", "stage": "phase1", "company": "Cambrian Biopharma", "source_url": "https://www.cambrianbio.com/team" } ], "notes": "Angermayer's drug-discovery role is exclusively as a founder/financier and deal-maker, not as a scientist, inventor, or hands-on drug developer. He co-founded Ribopharma AG in 1998 (as a biochemistry undergraduate) alongside RNAi scientists; Ribopharma's technology fed into Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, which has since won FDA approvals for RNAi drugs (e.g. patisiran/Onpattro, givosiran, lumasiran, inclisiran) built on that early RNAi IP base, though Angermayer's personal inventive contribution to those specific approved drugs is not established, only that Ribopharma's foundational RNAi work fed into Alnylam's later pipeline. His longevity ventures (Centenara/Rejuveron and Cambrian) are commercial hub-and-spoke holding structures; the actual science is done by the scientists in the portfolio companies he co-founded/financed, not by him." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": 289.0, "companies": [ "Centenara Labs AG (Rejuveron)", "Cambrian Biopharma" ], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [ "data/companies/centenara-labs-was-rejuveron.md", "data/companies/cambrian-bio.md" ], "notes": "Per already-scraped agingbiotech.info company data: Centenara Labs (was Rejuveron) raised $86M total; Cambrian Biopharma raised $203M total. Combined = $289M across the two companies where he is co-founder/key team. This does not include his separate ventures outside longevity (atai Life Sciences, Enhanced Games, Apeiron Investment Group AUM of $2.5-3.5B, crypto holdings), which are outside the scope of longevity drug discovery funding. Forbes estimates his personal net worth at ~$1.2B." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (single-model placeholder)", "estimate_years": 0.1, "range_low": 0.0, "range_high": 0.3, "reasoning": "As a capital allocator and company-builder rather than a scientist, Angermayer's lifespan impact is indirect: he has deployed several hundred million dollars into early-stage longevity biotech (Centenara/Rejuveron, Cambrian) whose pipelines remain preclinical/Phase 1 with no approved longevity therapeutic yet. His earlier RNAi venture (Ribopharma -> Alnylam) has real approved drugs but for non-aging rare diseases, not lifespan extension per se. Expected value today is low but non-zero given breadth of portfolio bets, most of which have not reached clinical proof of concept." } ], "median_years": 0.1, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "Angermayer is best characterized as a longevity-sector financier/entrepreneur rather than a scientist; his agingbiotech.info profile correctly lists only a company affiliation (Rejuveron), no scientific credit. Note the Rejuveron/Centenara naming history is confusing: agingbiotech.info scraped data shows three separate sub-entity files (Rejuveron Telomere Therapeutics, Rejuveron Vascular Therapeutics, Rejuveron Senescence Tx) plus the parent 'Centenara Labs (was Rejuveron)', all under the same corporate umbrella that Angermayer co-founded. No conflicting information found; his business/financial background (Ribopharma/Alnylam origin story, Apeiron family office, Enhanced Games, atai Life Sciences) is well corroborated across Wikipedia, Forbes, and Esquire ME." }, { "slug": "claudio-franceschi", "name": "Claudio Franceschi", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 1.5, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 138, "citations_total": 97982, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://openalex.org/A5078302741", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Multiple 'Claudio Franceschi' records exist in OpenAlex (likely due to institutional/affiliation-history fragmentation, not distinct people); the record chosen (A5078302741, h-index 138, 97,982 citations, 1,179 works) has by far the largest work/citation volume and topics (Genetics/Aging/Longevity in Model Organisms, Epigenetics and DNA Methylation, Mitochondrial Function) that are squarely consistent with his known career as an immunogerontologist at University of Bologna (institution history also lists University of Bologna in secondary records). This is almost certainly the correct/dominant author cluster, though OpenAlex's author disambiguation has split his output across at least 4 separate IDs, meaning true combined citation count may be modestly higher than reported here." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Chronic Inflammation (Inflammaging) Mechanisms", "discovery": "Coined the term 'inflammaging' (originally 'inflamm-aging') and proposed the evolutionary/antagonistic-pleiotropy framework describing chronic low-grade sterile inflammation as a common driver of most age-related diseases.", "year": "2000", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10911963/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Altered Intercellular Communication / Inflammaging", "discovery": "Extended the inflammaging concept into a broader 'systemic perspective' on aging and longevity synthesized from decades of human centenarian and cohort studies, linking gut microbiota, immunosenescence, and inflammatory biomarkers to healthy aging and longevity.", "year": "2007", "evidence_url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/6682236_Inflammaging_and_anti-inflammaging_A_systemic_perspective_on_aging_and_longevity_emerged_from_studies_in_humans", "confidence": "medium" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [], "notes": "No drug discovery output found. Franceschi is an academic immunologist/gerontologist (University of Bologna, later affiliated with Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod); no evidence found of him founding a biotech company or being credited as an inventor on a specific drug candidate. His work underpins the broader senotherapeutics/anti-inflammaging drug field conceptually but he is not personally tied to a named candidate." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": null, "companies": [], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [], "notes": "Not a company founder; no company affiliation listed in agingbiotech.info profile. No specific major grant total found via web search within time budget; would require deeper search of EU Horizon/ERC or Italian national grant databases to quantify. Left as not found rather than guessed." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (single-model placeholder)", "estimate_years": 0.3, "range_low": 0.0, "range_high": 1.0, "reasoning": "Franceschi's conceptual contribution (inflammaging) reshaped the entire geroscience field's framing of chronic disease and underlies a large fraction of current senomorphic/anti-inflammatory drug development, but as a foundational/conceptual scientist rather than a drug developer, his direct, attributable contribution to realized human lifespan extension to date is indirect and diffuse rather than a discrete measurable therapeutic effect." } ], "median_years": 0.3, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "High-confidence, well-documented case: h-index 138 and coining of 'inflammaging' are both independently corroborated (PubMed PMID 10911963, University of Bologna press materials). No conflicting information encountered. agingbiotech.info's own scraped ranking data (Expertscape top 66) is a modest signal relative to the much stronger OpenAlex citation record; the directory's crude scoring likely undervalues him relative to peers given his enormous citation base." }, { "slug": "colin-selman", "name": "Colin Selman", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 1.5, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 50, "citations_total": 11066, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://openalex.org/A5021208221", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Single unambiguous OpenAlex match: University of Glasgow affiliation, topics (Genetics/Aging/Longevity in Model Organisms, Adipose Tissue and Metabolism) match his known biogerontology focus, 161 works. High confidence." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Deregulated Nutrient Sensing (mTOR/AMPK/IGF-1)", "discovery": "Showed that deletion of ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1), a downstream effector of the mTOR pathway, extends lifespan and healthspan in mice (particularly females), with S6K1-deficient mice resistant to age-related/diet-induced obesity and protected against age-related decline in bone, immune, and motor function, mimicking a caloric-restriction-like molecular signature.", "year": "2009", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19797661/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Deregulated Nutrient Sensing (mTOR/AMPK/IGF-1)", "discovery": "Demonstrated that global deletion of Insulin Receptor Substrate 1 (IRS-1) extends mouse lifespan and delays biomarkers of aging despite the mice remaining lifelong insulin-resistant, challenging the assumption that improved insulin sensitivity is required for mammalian longevity extension.", "year": "2008", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17928362/", "confidence": "medium" }, { "area": "Caloric Restriction & Dietary Restriction Biology", "discovery": "Co-authored a meta-analysis/review showing that dietary restriction's lifespan-extension effect in rodents is strongly genotype-dependent, with some inbred/recombinant mouse strains failing to benefit or even showing shortened lifespan, a key caveat for translating DR/DR-mimetic interventions to genetically diverse human populations.", "year": "2012", "evidence_url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/51973472_Dietary_restriction_in_rats_and_mice_A_meta-analysis_and_review_of_the_evidence_for_genotype-dependent_effects_on_lifespan", "confidence": "medium" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [], "notes": "No drug discovery output found. Selman is a purely academic biogerontologist (University of Glasgow, Head of School of Molecular Biosciences); no company affiliation found in agingbiotech.info profile or web search, and no evidence of him founding a biotech or being credited on a specific drug candidate." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": null, "companies": [], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [], "notes": "No company affiliation; not applicable. Specific major grant totals (e.g. BBSRC, Wellcome Trust) were not quantified within research time budget; left as not found." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (single-model placeholder)", "estimate_years": 0.1, "range_low": 0.0, "range_high": 0.4, "reasoning": "Selman's mouse-genetics work (S6K1, IRS-1) is mechanistically important basic science that informs the broader mTOR/IIS-pathway drug discovery field (e.g. rapalogs, IGF-1 pathway modulators) but he has not personally translated findings into a clinical candidate; contribution to realized human lifespan extension is indirect, via target validation for others' drug programs." } ], "median_years": 0.1, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "Solid, unambiguous case with strong OpenAlex match and multiple well-cited PubMed-indexed discoveries. No conflicting information found. His agingbiotech.info aggregate score (Expertscape top 66) undersells his citation record (h-index 50) relative to some Tier 1 peers scored higher on the directory's crude count." }, { "slug": "daniel-promislow", "name": "Daniel Promislow", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 1.0, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 63, "citations_total": 14605, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://openalex.org/A5002183519", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Selected the record with Tufts University / Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging affiliation, 365 works, h-index 63, over several near-duplicate/thin records (University of Washington record with h-index 1, and two zero-citation records) that are clearly fragments of the same underlying identity or unrelated. Institution and topic match (Genetics/Aging/Longevity, Human-Animal Interaction) is consistent with his known career (University of Washington 2013-2024, then Tufts HNRCA from 2024) and role as Dog Aging Project co-founder." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Comparative Genomics of Long-Lived Species", "discovery": "Co-founded the Dog Aging Project (2014, with Matt Kaeberlein and Kate Creevy), a large-scale, NIH-funded open-science longitudinal study of tens of thousands of companion dogs designed to identify genetic, lifestyle, and environmental determinants of healthspan/lifespan that are translatable to humans, including the TRIAD sub-trial testing low-dose rapamycin in aging dogs.", "year": "2014", "evidence_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dog_Aging_Project", "confidence": "high" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [ { "name": "Rapamycin (TRIAD sub-study within Dog Aging Project)", "role": "co-investigator/co-founder of the parent research program", "stage": "phase2", "company": "Dog Aging Project (academic consortium, not a company)", "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dog_Aging_Project" } ], "notes": "Promislow is an academic evolutionary biologist/biogerontologist, not a company founder. The TRIAD trial testing rapamycin in companion dogs is run under the Dog Aging Project academic consortium (not a for-profit drug developer), so this is listed as a research-program contribution rather than commercial drug discovery." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": null, "companies": [], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [], "notes": "No company affiliation; the Dog Aging Project is NIH-funded academic research infrastructure, not a commercial venture, so 'funding raised' in the founder/exec sense does not apply. Specific NIH grant total for the Dog Aging Project was not quantified within research time budget." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (single-model placeholder)", "estimate_years": 0.1, "range_low": 0.0, "range_high": 0.3, "reasoning": "Promislow's primary contribution is building large-scale longitudinal research infrastructure (Dog Aging Project) rather than a direct human therapeutic; the project's translational value to human lifespan extension is real but indirect and not yet realized in any approved intervention." } ], "median_years": 0.1, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "No conflicting information found. His agingbiotech.info profile lists only Twitter/X presence (@DPromislow) and Hive.one top-100 ranking, both of which substantially undersell his academic output (h-index 63) and the scale of the Dog Aging Project, which is one of the largest citizen-science longevity studies in the field." }, { "slug": "david-weinkove", "name": "David Weinkove", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": "Magnitude Bio", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 0.0, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 20, "citations_total": 3904, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://openalex.org/A5083172420", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Single unambiguous OpenAlex match: Durham University affiliation, topics (Genetics/Aging/Longevity in Model Organisms, Gut microbiota, Mitochondrial Function) match his known C. elegans aging/host-microbe research, 50 works. High confidence." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Gut Microbiome & Aging", "discovery": "Discovered that inhibiting folate synthesis in E. coli (the C. elegans laboratory food source) slows the aging process of the worm, demonstrating a host-microbe metabolic interaction pathway that modulates lifespan.", "year": "2013", "evidence_url": "https://www.durham.ac.uk/staff/david-weinkove/", "confidence": "medium" }, { "area": "AI-Driven Drug Discovery for Aging", "discovery": "Co-founded and developed WormGazer, a patented automated imaging technology that tracks C. elegans movement decline as a proxy for organism-level healthspan, and VivoScan, a robotics/AI-driven high-throughput in vivo drug screening platform, moving C. elegans-based aging/healthspan drug screening from manual academic methods to industrial-scale automated screening.", "year": "2018", "evidence_url": "https://magnitudebiosciences.com/", "confidence": "high" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [], "notes": "No specific named drug candidate found. Weinkove's company, Magnitude Biosciences, is a CRO (contract research organization) that screens other companies' drug/nutraceutical candidates for pharma, biotech, and consumer-goods clients using its WormGazer/VivoScan platforms; it does not appear to develop its own proprietary drug candidates through clinical trials, so 'drug discovery output' in the sense of an owned pipeline candidate is not applicable. This is stated explicitly rather than left ambiguous." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": 1.72, "companies": [ "Magnitude Biosciences" ], "major_grants_usd_m": 0.29, "source_urls": [ "https://drug-dev.com/magnitude-biosciences-secures-1-72m-to-scale-c-elegans-high-throughput-in-vivo-screening-platform/", "https://pomegra.io/startups/magnitude-biosciences-raises-1-3m-for-vivoscan-2026-09-16" ], "notes": "In September 2026, Magnitude Biosciences secured \u00a31.3M (~$1.72M at approximate exchange rate) in a funding round led by Northstar Ventures, plus a separate \u00a3217,000 (~$0.29M) grant from Innovate UK, to scale up the VivoScan platform. This is the only funding round found via web search; total lifetime funding for the company (founded 2018) may be higher but was not independently verified beyond this most recent, well-documented round. Not in agingbiotech.info companies dataset (data/companies/ has no magnitude-bio.md file), so this figure comes from direct web search rather than the pre-scraped dataset." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (single-model placeholder)", "estimate_years": 0.05, "range_low": 0.0, "range_high": 0.2, "reasoning": "Weinkove's contribution is infrastructure/tooling (faster, more predictive preclinical screening) that could accelerate other companies' drug discovery timelines, rather than a direct therapeutic; impact on human lifespan is highly indirect and diffuse across whichever downstream drugs his platform helps validate." } ], "median_years": 0.05, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "No conflicting information found. Note: agingbiotech.info's scraped company name for his venture was recorded on his person-profile as 'Magnitude Bio' but the company's actual/current name is 'Magnitude Biosciences' (confirmed via magnitudebiosciences.com); there is no separate data/companies/magnitude-bio.md file in the pre-scraped dataset, so funding figures here come from direct web search of company press releases, not the agingbiotech.info companies dataset." }, { "slug": "dudley-lamming", "name": "Dudley Lamming", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 2.5, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 58, "citations_total": 21333, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://openalex.org/A5027295664", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Single clear primary OpenAlex match ('Dudley W. Lamming', University of Wisconsin-Madison, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital), with topics (Genetics/Aging/Longevity, Adipose Tissue and Metabolism, Diet and metabolism) matching his known mTOR/nutrient-sensing research program. A secondary thin duplicate record ('DW Lamming', h-index 1) is a fragment of the same person, not a distinct individual; not used." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Deregulated Nutrient Sensing (mTOR/AMPK/IGF-1)", "discovery": "As a postdoc in David Sabatini's lab, showed that chronic rapamycin's insulin-resistance/glucose-intolerance side effects are mediated by disruption of mTORC2 (not mTORC1), while rapamycin's lifespan-extension benefit is mediated by mTORC1 inhibition alone, thereby uncoupling the drug's longevity benefit from its metabolic toxicity.", "year": "2012", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22461615/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Deregulated Nutrient Sensing (mTOR/AMPK/IGF-1)", "discovery": "Lab co-developed DL001, a rapamycin analog roughly 40x more selective for mTORC1 over mTORC2 than rapamycin itself; in mice, DL001 promoted healthy aging phenotypes without inducing rapamycin's typical glucose intolerance and lipid side effects.", "year": "2019", "evidence_url": "https://www.nia.nih.gov", "confidence": "medium" }, { "area": "Caloric Restriction & Dietary Restriction Biology", "discovery": "Demonstrated that dietary restriction of the single branched-chain amino acid isoleucine is sufficient to replicate most of the metabolic and lifespan benefits of a full low-protein diet in mice (reduced frailty, browning of white fat, extended lifespan in both sexes), without caloric restriction.", "year": "2019", "evidence_url": "https://www.medicine.wisc.edu/news/uncovering-how-low-protein-diets-might-reprogram-metabolism", "confidence": "medium" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [ { "name": "DL001 (selective rapalog)", "role": "co-inventor/key scientist", "stage": "preclinical", "company": "academic (Lamming Lab, UW-Madison, with Buck Institute and Aeonian Pharmaceuticals collaborators)", "source_url": "https://www.medicine.wisc.edu/news/lamming-lab-makes-new-progress-developing-interventions-promote-healthy-aging" } ], "notes": "Lamming is primarily an academic (UW-Madison, VA Medical Center) rather than a company founder/executive; DL001 originated from an academic collaboration (Lamming Lab, Buck Institute, and Aeonian Pharmaceuticals) and remains at preclinical stage as far as could be verified. No evidence found that Lamming has founded his own biotech company." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": null, "companies": [], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [], "notes": "No company founder/exec role identified; primarily NIH/VA-funded academic research. Specific grant totals not quantified within research time budget." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (single-model placeholder)", "estimate_years": 0.2, "range_low": 0.0, "range_high": 0.6, "reasoning": "Lamming's mTORC1/mTORC2 decoupling work is one of the most cited and mechanistically important findings underpinning the entire rapalog/selective-mTOR-inhibitor drug development field; his isoleucine-restriction findings also inform dietary-intervention approaches. Direct human lifespan impact remains prospective since DL001 and isoleucine-restriction interventions have not reached human trials as far as verified, but the mechanistic clarity his lab provided materially de-risks downstream selective mTORC1 inhibitor programs." } ], "median_years": 0.2, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "No conflicting information found. Strong, well-corroborated academic record (h-index 58, 21,333 citations) substantially exceeds what his agingbiotech.info directory score (Expertscape + Hive.one, crude count 2.5) would suggest, consistent with the directory under-weighting pure bench scientists relative to founders/investors with public visibility." }, { "slug": "gordon-lithgow", "name": "Gordon Lithgow", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 2.0, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 54, "citations_total": 16294, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://openalex.org/A5036740389", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Single unambiguous OpenAlex match: Buck Institute for Research on Aging affiliation (matches known role and agingbiotech.info profile), topics (Genetics/Aging/Longevity in Model Organisms) directly match, 191 works. High confidence." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Loss of Proteostasis", "discovery": "Research program at the Buck Institute has focused on protein homeostasis (proteostasis) mechanisms in C. elegans, examining how maintaining protein stability delays age-related decline and disease.", "year": "2010", "evidence_url": "https://www.buckinstitute.org/", "confidence": "medium" }, { "area": "Geroscience-Guided Drug Repurposing", "discovery": "Co-founded and leads the NIA-funded Caenorhabditis Intervention Testing Program (CITP), a standardized multi-site (Buck Institute, Rutgers, University of Oregon) pharmacological screening consortium testing candidate geroprotective compounds across genetically diverse C. elegans, C. briggsae, and C. tropicalis populations to solve the reproducibility problem in aging-drug research; the program has run over 725,000 animal assays across 891 trials and identified 12 compounds that robustly extend median lifespan by >=20% across genetically diverse nematode populations.", "year": "2013", "evidence_url": "https://citpaging.org/", "confidence": "high" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [], "notes": "No specific named drug candidate advanced to clinical stage by Lithgow personally found. The CITP he co-leads is a rigorous academic screening program (not a company) that has validated ~12 robust lifespan-extending compounds in nematodes (candidate geroprotectors, exact identities of the 12 not individually confirmed within research time budget); these serve as an upstream filter feeding into the mouse-based NIA Interventions Testing Program (ITP) and eventually human trials, but Lithgow is not credited as inventor/founder on a specific drug candidate or company." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": null, "companies": [], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [], "notes": "No company affiliation; Lithgow's role (per agingbiotech.info profile: Buck Institute, We're Not Getting Any Younger... Yet podcast) is academic/nonprofit. The CITP is NIH/NIA-funded academic infrastructure; specific grant total not quantified within research time budget." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (single-model placeholder)", "estimate_years": 0.15, "range_low": 0.0, "range_high": 0.4, "reasoning": "Lithgow's CITP program provides critical, reproducibility-focused screening infrastructure that filters candidate geroprotectors before they reach costlier mouse and human studies; this raises the overall quality/hit-rate of the aging-drug pipeline field-wide, but is several steps removed from any specific approved human therapeutic, so direct measurable lifespan impact to date is low but methodologically important." } ], "median_years": 0.15, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "No conflicting information found. Strong academic record (h-index 54) combined with leadership of a widely respected reproducibility-focused screening consortium (CITP); his agingbiotech.info aggregate score (crude count 4.5, including Aging Analytics Agency top-100 and Expertscape rankings) is reasonably consistent with this being a well-regarded, established figure rather than a marginal one." }, { "slug": "graham-pawelec", "name": "Graham Pawelec", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 1.5, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 105, "citations_total": 39528, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://openalex.org/A5027331206", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Single dominant OpenAlex match: University of T\u00fcbingen affiliation matches known role (Professor Emeritus of Experimental Immunology), topics (Immune Cell Function, Immunotherapy, T-cell/B-cell Immunology) match his known immunosenescence research focus, 997 works. Several thin duplicate records (h-index 0-1) are clearly fragments of the same identity, not distinct people. High confidence." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Immunosenescence & Vaccine Response in Elderly", "discovery": "Characterized how cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection drives massive clonal expansion of CD8+ T cells that lose the CD28 co-stimulatory receptor and express senescence markers (CD57, KLRG1), occupying immunological 'space' and contracting the naive T-cell repertoire available to respond to novel antigens/vaccines in older adults; argued that CD8+ T-cell responses, not just antibody titers, must be central to improving vaccine efficacy in the elderly.", "year": "2012", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22830639/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Immunosenescence & Vaccine Response in Elderly", "discovery": "Reframed immunosenescence as substantially an adaptive response to lifelong antigenic exposure ('immunobiography') rather than a purely intrinsic decay process, arguing against treating chronological age as a uniform predictor of immune decline and instead advocating individualized biomarkers (naive:memory CD8+ ratio, CMV serostatus, inflammaging markers).", "year": "2020", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32399058/", "confidence": "medium" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [], "notes": "No drug discovery output found. Pawelec is a purely academic immunologist (University of T\u00fcbingen); no company affiliation found in agingbiotech.info profile or web search, and no evidence of a specific drug/vaccine candidate he founded or holds a patent on. His work informs vaccine adjuvant strategy and geroscience-guided vaccine design broadly but is not tied to a named product." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": null, "companies": [], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [], "notes": "No company affiliation; academic funding (EU Horizon, DFG, etc.) likely but not quantified within research time budget." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (single-model placeholder)", "estimate_years": 0.1, "range_low": 0.0, "range_high": 0.3, "reasoning": "Pawelec's immunosenescence/CMV/vaccine work informs better-designed vaccines and adjuvants for older adults (a real healthspan/mortality lever, since infections like influenza and COVID-19 disproportionately kill the elderly), but the impact is realized through downstream vaccine formulation changes by others rather than a therapeutic he personally developed." } ], "median_years": 0.1, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "No conflicting information found. Very strong academic record (h-index 105, ~40,000 citations) substantially exceeds what his agingbiotech.info directory score (Expertscape top 66, crude count 1.5) would suggest; likely under-ranked by the directory's methodology since he has limited public/social media visibility relative to his citation impact." }, { "slug": "gregory-fahy", "name": "Gregory Fahy", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": "Intervene Immune", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 0.5, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 39, "citations_total": 8819, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://openalex.org/A5044859027", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Single clear OpenAlex match ('Gregory M. Fahy', 21st Century Medicine (United States)), matching his known role as CSO at Twenty-First Century Medicine, topics (Reproductive Biology and Fertility, Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Organ Donation and Transplantation) match his cryobiology/organ preservation focus, 168 works. A thin duplicate record (h-index 1, unrelated topics) is not this person. High confidence." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Cryopreservation & Biostasis", "discovery": "Proposed the concept of equilibrium vitrification (ice-free cryopreservation): loading tissue with high-concentration cryoprotective agents so that, on cooling, water forms an amorphous glass rather than damaging ice crystals, solving cryobiology's core 'ice problem.'", "year": "1984", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6467964/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Cryopreservation & Biostasis", "discovery": "With colleague Brian Wowk, developed M22, a sixth-generation vitrification solution combining penetrating cryoprotectants with non-penetrating synthetic ice blockers/ice-binding polymers, enabling organ vitrification at lower toxicity and slower cooling rates than earlier formulations.", "year": "2009", "evidence_url": "https://www.alcor.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/how-cryoprotectants-work.pdf", "confidence": "medium" }, { "area": "Cryopreservation & Biostasis", "discovery": "Achieved the first successful deep vitrification (-130C), rewarming, and functional transplantation of a rabbit kidney that fully supported the animal's life as its sole functioning kidney, the first demonstrated recovery of a vital solid mammalian organ from a vitrified state.", "year": "2009", "evidence_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4620521/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Stem Cell Exhaustion", "discovery": "Led the TRIIM trial (Thymus Regeneration, Immunorestoration, and Insulin Mitigation), a small 12-month open-label study in 9 men aged 51-65 combining recombinant human growth hormone, DHEA, and metformin; MRI showed structural thymus regeneration (fat replaced by active thymic tissue) in 7 of 9 participants, and DNA-methylation epigenetic clocks (analyzed by co-author Steve Horvath) showed participants' biological age was on average 1.5 years younger at the end of treatment than at the start, the first published human trial reporting epigenetic age reversal.", "year": "2019", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31496122/", "confidence": "high" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [ { "name": "TRIIM protocol (recombinant human growth hormone + DHEA + metformin combination)", "role": "founder/key scientist", "stage": "phase2", "company": "Intervene Immune", "source_url": "https://interveneimmune.com/" } ], "notes": "Per agingbiotech.info's pre-scraped company profile for Intervene Immune (Fahy's company, founded 2013, Los Angeles, 6 employees, $0.5M total raised), the lead program is the HGH+DHEA+metformin combination targeting thymus involution/immune aging, currently in Phase 2 human trials (per agingbiotech.info clinical-stage field) via the follow-up TRIIM-X study, which is a larger, more diverse cohort with control groups expanding on the original TRIIM pilot." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": 0.5, "companies": [ "Intervene Immune" ], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [ "data/companies/intervene-immune.md" ], "notes": "Per pre-scraped agingbiotech.info data: Intervene Immune has raised only $0.5M total as of the scrape (Jul 2024), a remarkably small figure given the trial's outsized media attention; this likely reflects heavy dependence on Fahy's own resources/small investor base rather than institutional venture funding. Separately, Fahy is CSO of Twenty-First Century Medicine (21CM), a private cryobiology research company; no public funding total found for 21CM." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (single-model placeholder)", "estimate_years": 0.3, "range_low": 0.0, "range_high": 1.0, "reasoning": "Fahy has two genuinely distinct high-impact legacies: (1) vitrification/organ cryopreservation, which is foundational to human IVF embryo banking today (a widely used, real-world technology) and could eventually enable organ banking, and (2) the TRIIM trial's thymus regeneration/epigenetic reversal result, which is scientifically striking but based on only 9 subjects with no control group. Direct, population-level lifespan extension attributable to his work to date is small (embryo vitrification does not extend adult human lifespan; TRIIM has not been replicated at scale), but the conceptual and methodological contributions are significant seeds for future therapies." } ], "median_years": 0.3, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "No conflicting information found, though it is worth flagging that the TRIIM trial (n=9, no placebo control, all healthy white men aged 51-65) is frequently over-cited in popular longevity media as stronger evidence than its design supports; this caveat is reflected in the confidence/estimate fields above. Fahy's dual identity as both a rigorous cryobiology pioneer (vitrification, well-cited in Nature/PNAS-adjacent venues) and a small, thinly funded longevity-trial entrepreneur (Intervene Immune, $0.5M raised) is an interesting contrast worth surfacing in any narrative write-up." }, { "slug": "guido-kroemer", "name": "Guido Kroemer", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 1.5, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 288, "citations_total": 387604, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://openalex.org/A5075296559", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Single dominant OpenAlex match with by far the largest work/citation volume (2,343 works, h-index 288, 387,604 citations), institution history (Inserm, Universite Paris Cite, Institut Gustave Roussy, Sorbonne Universite) matching his well-documented career, and topics (Autophagy in Disease and Therapy, Cell death mechanisms, Cancer Immunotherapy) matching his known research program. Several thin duplicate/fragment records exist but are clearly the same person's institutional history split across OpenAlex IDs, not distinct individuals. Kroemer is independently known as one of the most highly cited scientists globally in cell death/mitochondrial biology, consistent with this record. High confidence." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Mitochondrial Dysfunction", "discovery": "Discovered that mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP/MMP) is the decisive 'point of no return' step in apoptotic cell death, establishing mitochondria as active regulators (not just metabolic bystanders) of cell life-and-death decisions.", "year": "1996", "evidence_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guido_Kroemer", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Disabled Macroautophagy", "discovery": "Discovered Apoptosis-Inducing Factor (AIF), a mitochondrial protein that translocates to the cytosol and nucleus upon death signaling to trigger caspase-independent DNA fragmentation and cell death, opening a new field of caspase-independent programmed cell death research.", "year": "1999", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10802706/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Cancer & Aging (oncogenesis interplay)", "discovery": "Introduced and characterized the concept of immunogenic cell death (ICD): certain chemotherapy/radiation-induced cancer cell deaths release damage-associated molecular patterns (calreticulin exposure, ATP, HMGB1 release) that prime an anti-tumor immune response, effectively turning dying tumor cells into an in-situ vaccine; this reshaped how oncologists assess chemotherapy efficacy.", "year": "2005", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15286356/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Disabled Macroautophagy", "discovery": "Co-developed the concept of caloric restriction mimetics (CRMs), compounds (spermidine, resveratrol, hydroxycitrate among others) that stimulate autophagy/mitophagy and reproduce beneficial effects of fasting without caloric restriction, including delaying aging signs and enhancing cardioprotection and immune function.", "year": "2014", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26374520/", "confidence": "medium" }, { "area": "Mitochondrial Dysfunction", "discovery": "Co-authored with Carlos Lopez-Otin the widely cited 'Hallmarks of Aging' and 'Hallmarks of Health' conceptual frameworks that define the molecular processes underlying vitality and aging, now a standard reference structure across the geroscience field.", "year": "2013", "evidence_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guido_Kroemer", "confidence": "high" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [], "notes": "No specific named drug candidate found to be founded or invented by Kroemer directly; he is a prolific academic researcher (INSERM, Universite Paris Cite, Gustave Roussy) whose discoveries (immunogenic cell death, autophagy/CRM biology) have informed the design of chemotherapy regimens and are conceptually foundational to senomorphic/autophagy-inducing drug programs elsewhere in the field, but no company he founded or drug he holds a specific patent for was identified within research time budget." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": null, "companies": [], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [], "notes": "No company affiliation found; academic/institutional funding (INSERM, EU, French national grants) is extensive but not quantified within research time budget." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (single-model placeholder)", "estimate_years": 0.5, "range_low": 0.1, "range_high": 1.5, "reasoning": "Kroemer's discoveries (MOMP/mitochondrial cell death regulation, AIF, immunogenic cell death) are foundational to modern cancer immunotherapy strategy and chemotherapy regimen design used clinically today, giving him among the most concretely realized translational impact of any name on this list even without a personally founded drug company; his caloric restriction mimetics and Hallmarks of Aging/Health frameworks additionally shape a large share of current geroscience drug-target selection." } ], "median_years": 0.5, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "No conflicting information found. Extraordinarily strong academic record (h-index 288, ~388,000 citations, one of the most cited scientists in the world in cell biology) massively exceeds his agingbiotech.info directory score (Expertscape top 66, crude count 1.5), which appears to badly under-rank him; the directory's methodology likely does not weight raw citation impact heavily enough for pure bench scientists with limited industry/public visibility relative to founders." }, { "slug": "hal-barron", "name": "Hal Barron", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "unfilteredonline" ], "company_affiliation": "Altos Labs", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 0.0, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 41, "citations_total": 8354, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://openalex.org/A5111907633", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "medium", "notes": "Selected 'Hal V. Barron' record (institution listed as 'Roche (Estonia)', likely an OpenAlex institution-tagging artifact for Roche/Genentech generally, not literally Estonia), with cardiology/cardiac topics (Acute Myocardial Infarction, Cardiac Imaging, Coronary Interventions) matching his known background as a cardiologist by training (UCSF fellowship) before moving into pharma R&D leadership (Genentech/Roche, Calico, GSK, Altos Labs). 108 works, plausible for a physician-executive who published during his clinical/early Genentech career but has published less since moving fully into executive roles. A second candidate ('Hal S. Barron', Harvey Mudd College, history topics) is clearly a different person (historian). Confidence marked medium because institution field is garbled and works_count is modest for someone often described as having authored '90+ peer-reviewed papers', which is roughly consistent but not an exact match confirmed independently." }, "genuine_discoveries": [], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [ { "name": "Multiple approved oncology/immunology drugs at Genentech/Roche (Avastin, Lucentis, Actemra, Perjeta, Kadcyla, Gazyva)", "role": "key executive (CMO/EVP Global Product Development, not inventor)", "stage": "approved", "company": "Genentech/Roche", "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hal_V._Barron" }, { "name": "Cellular rejuvenation reprogramming programs (OSKM/Yamanaka-factor based, undisclosed candidate names as of 2026)", "role": "co-founder, CEO", "stage": "preclinical", "company": "Altos Labs", "source_url": "data/companies/altos-labs.md" } ], "notes": "Barron's drug-discovery role at Genentech/Roche and GSK was as senior executive overseeing R&D and product development portfolios (CMO/EVP Development at Roche/Genentech; CSO/President R&D at GSK), not as a bench scientist/inventor on those specific molecules; the drugs listed reached approval under his organizational leadership. At Altos Labs (his current company, co-founded 2021/2022, CEO from Aug 2022) the pipeline (per agingbiotech.info profile: OSKM/partial reprogramming) remains preclinical as of the last scrape; Rick Klausner (Altos co-founder) publicly stated in 2024 that a single injection of a Yamanaka-factor formulation extended old mice's lifespan by 25% in a 1,000-mouse study, but no named clinical drug candidate has been disclosed for Barron to be credited on." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": 5560.0, "companies": [ "Altos Labs" ], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [ "data/companies/altos-labs.md" ], "notes": "Per pre-scraped agingbiotech.info company data, Altos Labs has raised $5,560M ($5.56B) total, launched with a reported $3B initial round from backers including Jeff Bezos and Yuri Milner (per web search); this is one of the largest funding totals in the entire longevity biotech sector. Figure attributed to the company as a whole; Barron is CEO/co-founder and would have played a lead role in securing it alongside co-founder Rick Klausner." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (single-model placeholder)", "estimate_years": 0.2, "range_low": 0.0, "range_high": 0.8, "reasoning": "Barron's realized drug-development track record (Avastin, Lucentis, Kadcyla, etc.) has substantial healthcare impact but mostly on cancer/eye disease survival/quality of life, not lifespan extension in the geroscience sense; his current venture, Altos Labs, is extremely well capitalized and led by top scientists (Yamanaka as advisor) but remains preclinical for its core reprogramming therapeutics, so direct human lifespan impact to date is speculative and prospective rather than realized." } ], "median_years": 0.2, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "No conflicting information found, though OpenAlex institution tagging for his primary author record is garbled ('Roche (Estonia)'), likely a data-quality artifact of OpenAlex's institution normalization rather than a real Estonia connection; flagged as medium confidence for that reason even though the topical/career match is otherwise strong." }, { "slug": "hans-bishop", "name": "Hans Bishop", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "unfilteredonline" ], "company_affiliation": "Altos Labs", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 0.0, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": null, "citations_total": null, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://api.openalex.org/authors?search=Hans%20Bishop", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "high", "notes": "No relevant OpenAlex author record found (only an unrelated 'Hans-Peter Bishop' astronomy record with 1 work, clearly a different person). This is expected and consistent: Bishop is a business/operations executive (biotech CEO/President), not a publishing scientist. High confidence that he has no meaningful academic output, not a data gap." }, "genuine_discoveries": [], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [ { "name": "Liso-cel / lisocabtagene maraleucel (Breyanzi)", "role": "co-founder, President and CEO (executive, not scientific inventor)", "stage": "approved", "company": "Juno Therapeutics (acquired by Celgene/Bristol Myers Squibb)", "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juno_Therapeutics" }, { "name": "Galleri multi-cancer early detection test", "role": "CEO (executive, diagnostic not drug, included for completeness)", "stage": "approved", "company": "GRAIL", "source_url": "https://sana.com/team/hans-bishop/" }, { "name": "Cellular rejuvenation reprogramming programs (OSKM-based, undisclosed candidate names as of 2026)", "role": "co-founder, President, Board Co-Chair", "stage": "preclinical", "company": "Altos Labs", "source_url": "data/companies/altos-labs.md" } ], "notes": "Bishop's drug discovery involvement is entirely as a company-building/business executive (CEO/President), not as a scientist or inventor. He co-founded and led Juno Therapeutics (2013-2018) through its CAR-T pipeline, which after Celgene's ~$9B acquisition eventually delivered the FDA-approved CAR-T therapy Breyanzi (liso-cel); he also led GRAIL (2019-2021, a cancer-detection diagnostics company, not a drug, included for context) before co-founding Altos Labs. Altos Labs' core reprogramming pipeline remains preclinical." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": 5560.0, "companies": [ "Altos Labs" ], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [ "data/companies/altos-labs.md" ], "notes": "Per pre-scraped agingbiotech.info company data, Altos Labs has raised $5,560M total, one of the largest funding totals in the longevity biotech sector; Bishop is co-founder and President (Board Co-Chair) alongside CEO Hal Barron and fellow co-founder Rick Klausner. His earlier venture Juno Therapeutics was acquired by Celgene for approximately $9B in 2018 (a return/exit figure, not a 'raised' figure, so not included in the funding_raised total above)." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (single-model placeholder)", "estimate_years": 0.2, "range_low": 0.0, "range_high": 0.8, "reasoning": "Bishop's realized track record (Juno's CAR-T therapy Breyanzi, GRAIL's early cancer detection) has meaningful impact on cancer mortality but is not framed as geroscience/lifespan-extension work; his current venture, Altos Labs, is extremely well capitalized with strong scientific leadership but its core cellular reprogramming pipeline remains preclinical, so direct human lifespan impact to date is prospective rather than realized." } ], "median_years": 0.2, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "No conflicting information found. As with Hal Barron, Bishop's Altos Labs funding figure ($5.56B) is company-level, shared credit between both co-founders and other leadership (Rick Klausner), not an individually separable amount." }, { "slug": "irina-conboy", "name": "Irina Conboy", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": "Generation Lab", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 0.0, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 40, "citations_total": 12495, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://openalex.org/A5016353918", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Single unambiguous OpenAlex match: UC Berkeley/QB3 affiliation matches her known role (Professor of Bioengineering, UC Berkeley), topics (Muscle Physiology and Disorders, Genetics/Aging/Longevity, CRISPR) match her known stem-cell/muscle-aging/parabiosis research program, 164 works. High confidence." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Muscle Stem Cell Aging (Sarcopenia mechanisms)", "discovery": "Lead author on landmark 2005 heterochronic parabiosis study (young and old mice surgically joined to share circulation) showing that exposure to a young systemic environment restored muscle satellite (stem) cell regenerative capacity, liver cell proliferation, and neurogenesis in old mice, establishing systemic/circulatory factors as a major driver of tissue-specific stem cell aging.", "year": "2005", "evidence_url": "https://glennfoundation.org/pdf/Conboy-et-al-%282005%29-Nature.pdf", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Stem Cell Exhaustion", "discovery": "Developed a microfluidic blood-exchange device (2016) that showed old blood actively harms young mice's tissue/brain health, reframing aging as driven by accumulation of inhibitory/inflammatory blood factors (e.g. TGF-beta) rather than simple loss of youthful factors, correcting the popular 'young blood transfusion' narrative that followed the 2005 parabiosis result.", "year": "2016", "evidence_url": "https://news.berkeley.edu/2016/11/22/young-blood-does-not-reverse-aging-in-old-mice-uc-berkeley-study-finds/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Muscle Stem Cell Aging (Sarcopenia mechanisms)", "discovery": "Showed that Neutral Blood Exchange (removing 50% of old mouse plasma and replacing with a simple saline-albumin solution, without any young blood) rejuvenated brain, liver, and muscle tissue as well as or better than pairing with a young animal, demonstrating that simple dilution of age-elevated inhibitory blood proteins is sufficient for rejuvenation, a finding directly translatable to the FDA-approved clinical procedure of therapeutic plasma exchange (plasmapheresis).", "year": "2020", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33191466/", "confidence": "high" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [], "notes": "No drug discovery output found in the pharmaceutical sense. Conboy's translational work has instead focused on repurposing an existing FDA-approved procedure (therapeutic plasma exchange/plasmapheresis) for aging applications, via clinical collaborations (e.g. with the Buck Institute and Global Apheresis) rather than developing a new molecular drug candidate. Her company, Generation Lab, sells a diagnostic (SystemAge cheek-swab biological age test using proprietary 'BioNoise' methylation-variability methodology), not a therapeutic." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": 11.0, "companies": [ "Generation Lab" ], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [ "data/companies/generation-lab.md" ], "notes": "Per pre-scraped agingbiotech.info company data: Generation Lab (co-founded by Conboy, Michael Conboy, and Alina Su, 2023, SF, 12 employees) has raised $11M total. George Church is also involved as an advisor per the same profile notes." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (single-model placeholder)", "estimate_years": 0.15, "range_low": 0.0, "range_high": 0.5, "reasoning": "Conboy's plasma-dilution mechanistic insight is scientifically important and directly translatable (via existing FDA-approved plasmapheresis) with early human data reportedly showing modest biological-age reduction (1.3-2.6 years per web search reporting), giving her one of the more clinically plausible near-term translational paths among academic researchers on this list, though rigorous large-scale human RCTs demonstrating actual lifespan extension from plasma dilution have not been completed as far as verified." } ], "median_years": 0.15, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "No conflicting information found. The 1.3-2.6 year biological-age-reduction figure for human plasma exchange comes from secondary web-search reporting (not an original primary source directly verified here) and should be treated as medium/low confidence context rather than a hard finding; flagged accordingly in the lifespan-impact reasoning rather than stated as fact in the discoveries section." }, { "slug": "james-peyer", "name": "James Peyer", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "unfilteredonline" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 1.5, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 4, "citations_total": 108, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://openalex.org/A5010239729", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "medium", "notes": "Two candidate OpenAlex records both tagged 'Cambrian Innovation (United States)' (an OpenAlex institution-normalization artifact likely conflating Peyer's PhD-era UT Southwestern affiliation with his later company 'Cambrian Bio/Biopharma' due to name similarity to unrelated company 'Cambrian Innovation'): one with h-index 3/2226 citations/4 works (hematopoietic stem cell topics, matches his PhD focus under Sean Morrison), another with h-index 4/108 citations/7 works (Genetics/Aging/Longevity topics, closer to his later aging-focused publishing). Selected the second (aging-topic) record as primary since it better reflects his aging-field identity, but citation figures for both are thin and the OpenAlex institution tagging is clearly confused between his academic and business identities, so confidence is medium rather than high. His overall academic output is modest regardless of which record is used, consistent with a scientist who did a PhD (UT Southwestern, Sean Morrison lab, hematopoietic stem cell niches) and NSF Graduate Research Fellowship, then quickly moved into industry (McKinsey, then Apollo Health Ventures, then Cambrian Biopharma as CEO) rather than pursuing an academic publishing career." }, "genuine_discoveries": [], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [ { "name": "ATX-304 (AMPK activator, via Amplifier Therapeutics subsidiary)", "role": "founder/CEO (executive, not inventor)", "stage": "phase1", "company": "Cambrian Biopharma", "source_url": "data/companies/cambrian-bio.md" } ], "notes": "Peyer's role is as founder/CEO/business builder of Cambrian Biopharma's hub-and-spoke portfolio (subsidiaries include Amplifier Tx, Isterian, Oviva Tx, Telos Bio, Tornado Tx, Vita Tx per agingbiotech.info profile), not as the scientific inventor of any specific candidate; per the pre-scraped company profile, ATX-304's exact clinical stage is ambiguous in public materials (pipeline imagery shows Phase 1/2a, company website shows Phase 2, but agingbiotech.info's own researchers could not locate the trial on ClinicalTrials.gov under either the company or drug name as of July 2024, so they defaulted to Phase 1b; this ambiguity is preserved here rather than resolved by guessing)." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": 203.0, "companies": [ "Cambrian Biopharma" ], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [ "data/companies/cambrian-bio.md" ], "notes": "Per pre-scraped agingbiotech.info company data: Cambrian Biopharma (co-founded by Peyer, Christian Angermayer, and Sebastian Brunemeier in 2019, NYC, 32 employees) has raised $203M total." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (single-model placeholder)", "estimate_years": 0.1, "range_low": 0.0, "range_high": 0.4, "reasoning": "Peyer has built a substantial ($203M) hub-and-spoke longevity biotech with a diversified portfolio spanning cardiometabolic and cancer targets (AMPK, mTOR pathways), but no candidate in the portfolio has yet demonstrated clinical efficacy for a longevity/healthspan endpoint or reached late-stage trials; his impact to date is as a company-builder and capital allocator with a plausible but unproven pipeline, similar in character to Angermayer's." } ], "median_years": 0.1, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "OpenAlex institution tagging for Peyer's records ('Cambrian Innovation (United States)') appears to conflate his company Cambrian Bio/Biopharma with an unrelated water-treatment biotech also named 'Cambrian Innovation,' which is a known OpenAlex disambiguation weakness worth flagging generally for any Cambrian-affiliated name in this dataset. No other conflicting information found; his career narrative (UT Southwestern PhD under Sean Morrison, NSF fellowship, McKinsey, Apollo Health Ventures co-founder, then Cambrian Biopharma CEO from 2019) is internally consistent across sources." }, { "slug": "jamie-justice", "name": "Jamie Justice", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "unfilteredonline" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 0.0, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 35, "citations_total": 6056, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://openalex.org/A5019907813", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "high", "notes": "Single unambiguous OpenAlex match: 'Jamie Nicole Justice', XPRIZE Foundation and Wake Forest University affiliations both matching her known dual role (Executive VP/Executive Director of XPRIZE Healthspan; Adjunct Assistant Professor, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine), topics (Genetics/Aging/Longevity, Nutrition and Health in Aging, Frailty in Older Adults) match her known geroscience biomarker research focus, 162 works. High confidence. Two other candidates (a 'Maria Arndt' record and a zero-output 'Jamie Justice' with unrelated topics) are clearly not her." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Longevity Clinical Trial Design & Biostatistics", "discovery": "Led the TAME (Targeting Aging with Metformin) trial's Biomarkers Workgroup and co-authored a landmark framework ('A framework for selection of blood-based biomarkers for geroscience-guided clinical trials') that filtered hundreds of candidate biomarkers down to a specific, cost-effective panel of blood-based markers (inflammatory proteins, metabolic factors, cellular senescence markers) to track biological aging response to interventions like metformin in human clinical trials.", "year": "2018", "evidence_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6229551/", "confidence": "high" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [ { "name": "Metformin (TAME trial, biomarker workgroup lead, not drug originator)", "role": "key scientist (biomarker/trial design lead, not inventor of metformin itself)", "stage": "phase3", "company": "Academic consortium (Wake Forest University coordinating center, American Federation for Aging Research/AFAR sponsor; PI Nir Barzilai, Albert Einstein College of Medicine)", "source_url": "https://www.afar.org/tame-trial" } ], "notes": "Justice is an academic/nonprofit clinical trialist, not a company founder; metformin itself is a decades-old approved generic diabetes drug (not a new candidate she discovered), and her contribution to TAME is trial design and biomarker validation leadership, not drug discovery per se. As of the most recent information found, the TAME trial has faced funding hurdles and had not fully launched despite FDA-approved design, so its Phase 3 designation reflects the planned/approved trial design rather than a completed or fully enrolled study; this uncertainty is preserved rather than resolved by guessing." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": null, "companies": [], "major_grants_usd_m": 101.0, "source_urls": [ "https://www.xprize.org/people/jamie-justice-ph-d" ], "notes": "Justice is not a company founder; per agingbiotech.info profile she is affiliated with Bold Capital (investing) and X-Prize Healthspan. She currently serves as Executive VP of the Health Domain and Executive Director of the $101M XPRIZE Healthspan competition, a major prize/grant-style program (not equity funding she personally raised as a founder, but the largest single figure tied to her current role, so included here as a major program budget rather than personal fundraising)." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (single-model placeholder)", "estimate_years": 0.15, "range_low": 0.0, "range_high": 0.5, "reasoning": "Justice's biomarker-framework work is methodologically important infrastructure for the entire geroscience clinical trial field (enabling shorter, cheaper trials that don't require waiting years for hard disease endpoints), and her current XPRIZE Healthspan role is directing a $101M incentive program aimed at breakthrough functional-decline reversal therapies; both are high-leverage enabling roles rather than a direct therapeutic, so realized lifespan impact to date is indirect." } ], "median_years": 0.15, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "No conflicting information found. Note the agingbiotech.info profile's 'Investing: Bold Capital' listing appears to refer to Bold Capital Partners (a venture firm active in longevity/XPRIZE-adjacent investing, co-founded by Peter Diamandis) rather than an operating role for Justice herself; her primary current role is clearly the XPRIZE Healthspan executive leadership per multiple corroborating sources (xprize.org, Wake Forest, Time magazine longevity leaders feature)." }, { "slug": "jan-vijg", "name": "Jan Vijg", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 1.5, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 78, "citations_total": 26322, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://openalex.org/A5012398734", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "high", "notes": "OpenAlex record A5012398734 lists 'Albert Einstein College of Medicine' as institution, matching Vijg's known chair position (Dept. of Genetics), and 487 works, which is plausible for a senior PI of his seniority. A second, much smaller OpenAlex record for 'Jan Vijg' (8 works, h-index 5) also lists Einstein and is likely a duplicate/split profile or a junior co-author; the larger profile was used as it matches his long career and prominence." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Genomic Instability & DNA Damage", "discovery": "Co-authored a 2016 Nature paper (with Xiao Dong, Brandon Milholland) proposing that human genomic instability and declining recovery capacity impose a natural ceiling on maximum human lifespan, estimated at approximately 115 years.", "year": "2016", "evidence_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/nature19793", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Somatic Mutation Accumulation", "discovery": "Pioneered single-cell whole-genome sequencing methods to directly quantify somatic mutation accumulation in aging human and mouse tissues, providing direct evidence for the somatic mutation theory of aging rather than relying on indirect assays.", "year": "2017-2021", "evidence_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10841402/", "confidence": "medium" }, { "area": "Genetics of Human Longevity (GWAS, centenarian studies)", "discovery": "Co-authored (with Bj\u00f6rn Schumacher, Ludmil Alexandrov, Trey Ideker, and colleagues) a 2025-era study on the DREAM transcriptional repressor complex showing that DREAM activity actively suppresses somatic DNA-repair gene expression, and that DREAM activity levels across 92 mammalian species predict species lifespan, with lower DREAM activity in mouse brain reducing age-related mutation accumulation when the complex was inhibited.", "year": "2025", "evidence_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12825315/", "confidence": "medium" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [], "notes": "No approved or clinical-stage drug candidate directly attributable to Vijg was found. He is reported (medium confidence, single web-search-derived source, not independently verified against a company registry or press release) as a co-founder of several longevity-adjacent biotech ventures: Matter Bio (genome-integrity/longevity, reported co-founded with George Church, ~$7M seed per a PR Newswire release), MutaGenTech (somatic-mutation sequencing services), and SingulOmics Corp (single-cell genomics). These appear to be platform/diagnostic or research-tools companies rather than drug-candidate-stage therapeutics developers; no specific drug candidate name, stage, or indication could be verified for any of them in the time available." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": 7, "companies": [ "Matter Bio" ], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [ "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/matter-bio-successfully-closes-7m-seed-funding-round-302157779.html" ], "notes": "Only Matter Bio's seed round ($7M) could be verified with a source URL. MutaGenTech and SingulOmics Corp funding amounts were not found/verifiable. Vijg's role at Matter Bio (founder vs. scientific advisor/co-founder) was reported by a single AI-mediated web search summary and not independently cross-checked against a primary source (e.g., company website or press release naming him directly); treat this company attribution as medium confidence." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5 (subagent, single-model placeholder)", "estimate_years": 0.3, "range_low": 0.05, "range_high": 1.0, "reasoning": "Vijg's core contributions (somatic mutation theory, the 115-year lifespan-ceiling estimate, single-cell mutation sequencing tools) are foundational/diagnostic science rather than a translated therapeutic. If genome-stability-preserving therapeutics his tools help identify (e.g. via Matter Bio) eventually reach the clinic, plausible healthspan/lifespan gains would be real but currently unproven in humans; near-term expected value is low given preclinical/tools-stage status." } ], "median_years": 0.3, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. Produced by a single model in a subagent context; the main session should run a true multi-model ensemble as a refinement step." }, "researcher_notes": "High confidence on academic output (clear institutional match). Genuine discoveries are strong and well-documented for core science (115-year ceiling paper, DREAM complex paper). Drug discovery / funding data for Vijg's biotech ventures rests on a single AI-summarized web search pass without direct verification against company sites; flagged as medium/low confidence and should be re-verified before being treated as fact in any published output." }, { "slug": "jay-olshansky", "name": "Jay Olshansky", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 0.5, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 43, "citations_total": 13052, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://openalex.org/A5008805755", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "high", "notes": "OpenAlex record for 'S. Jay Olshansky' (A5008805755, 175 works) has no listed institution in the API response but works_count and citation profile are consistent with his decades-long, highly-cited career as a biodemographer (University of Illinois Chicago / University of Chicago). A separate smaller record (19 works, h-index 5) under the same name is likely a split/duplicate profile and was not used." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Longevity Economics & Policy", "discovery": "Co-originated the concept of the 'Longevity Dividend' with Daniel Perry, Richard A. Miller, and Robert N. Butler in a 2006 paper in The Scientist, arguing that a modest slowing of biological aging (e.g. by ~7 years) would delay onset of most major chronic diseases simultaneously and yield large economic/healthcare savings, reframing research funding priorities toward geroscience.", "year": "2006", "evidence_url": "http://sjayolshansky.com/sjo/Background_files/TheScientist.pdf", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Longevity Economics & Policy", "discovery": "Analyzed and challenged the 'compression of morbidity' hypothesis (originally James Fries, 1980), arguing that under current medical practice populations are instead experiencing an 'expansion of morbidity' (a longer period of frailty before death) unless biological aging itself is targeted.", "year": "1990s-2000s", "evidence_url": "https://www.milbank.org/wp-content/uploads/mq/volume-67/issue-02/67-2-The-Compression-of-Morbidity.pdf", "confidence": "medium" }, { "area": "Genetics of Human Longevity (GWAS, centenarian studies)", "discovery": "Co-authored influential biodemographic analyses (with Bruce Carnes) arguing that biological constraints impose realistic limits on population life-expectancy gains, challenging simple linear extrapolation of historical life-expectancy trends.", "year": "1990s", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31001621/", "confidence": "medium" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [], "notes": "No drug discovery output found. Olshansky's entrepreneurial work is in biometric/actuarial technology, not pharmaceuticals: he co-founded Lapetus Solutions Inc. (with facial-biometrics expert Karl Ricanek), an AI-driven company that estimates biological age from facial photos ('CHRONOS' platform) for life-insurance underwriting. This is a diagnostics/fintech venture, not a drug candidate, and is explicitly noted here as non-pharma." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": null, "companies": [ "Lapetus Solutions" ], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [ "https://www.wilmingtonbiz.com/technology/2015/06/08/lapetus-secures-funding-plans-pilot-tests/13392" ], "notes": "Lapetus Solutions (co-founded 2014-2015) is reported to have secured venture funding for pilot tests but a specific total raised figure was not found/verified in the time available. No pharma company funding applies since Olshansky has no verified drug-development company." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5 (subagent, single-model placeholder)", "estimate_years": 0.1, "range_low": 0, "range_high": 0.5, "reasoning": "Olshansky's impact is primarily conceptual/policy (Longevity Dividend framing) and biodemographic modeling, which shapes funding priorities and public discourse but does not itself extend any individual's lifespan. His biometric-underwriting company (Lapetus) has no direct biological lifespan-extension mechanism. Expected direct lifespan impact on any individual is near zero; indirect impact via redirecting research funding toward geroscience is real but unquantifiable." } ], "median_years": 0.1, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. Produced by a single model in a subagent context; the main session should run a true multi-model ensemble as a refinement step." }, "researcher_notes": "Solid, well-documented profile. Main caveat: Olshansky is a demographer/policy figure, not a bench scientist or drug developer, so drug_discovery and funding_raised fields are thin by nature of his career, not due to lack of research effort." }, { "slug": "jennifer-garrison", "name": "Jennifer Garrison", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "unfilteredonline" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 1.0, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 21, "citations_total": 2955, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://openalex.org/A5042756187", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "high", "notes": "OpenAlex record A5042756187 ('Jennifer L. Garrison') lists University of Southern California, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, and UCSF as institutions, matching her known affiliation (Assistant Professor, Buck Institute; also UCSF). Works count (46) and topic profile are plausible for a mid-career PI. Other same-named candidates had non-matching institutions (University of South Alabama, no institution) and were excluded." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Germline & Reproductive Aging", "discovery": "Co-authored (with colleagues at the Buck Institute, Broad Institute, Yale, and Harvard) a large-scale spatial transcriptomics / single-cell atlas of the aging mouse ovary (>600,000 cells), showing that aging disrupts the spatial organization and temporal coordination of folliculogenesis and delays corpus luteum regression well before the cessation of estrous cycling, driving ovarian 'inflammaging'.", "year": "2024-2025", "evidence_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.15.628550v1", "confidence": "medium" }, { "area": "Germline & Reproductive Aging", "discovery": "Published a widely-cited perspective arguing that ovarian aging (which occurs roughly 2-2.5x faster than aging of other organs and begins in the 20s-30s, decades before menopause) is a primary systemic driver of female aging via loss of ovarian endocrine signaling, not merely a fertility issue, reframing reproductive aging as a geroscience priority.", "year": "2023", "evidence_url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.3003835", "confidence": "medium" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [], "notes": "No drug discovery output found. Garrison is an academic researcher and institution-builder (Co-Founder/Executive Director of the Global Consortium for Reproductive Longevity and Equality, GCRLE, now operating as ProductiveHealth.org; also directs the Center for Healthy Aging in Women and the ReproHub core facility at the Buck Institute). No specific drug candidate, patent, or clinical-trial program attributable to her was found." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": null, "companies": [], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [], "notes": "Garrison leads the GCRLE, which has awarded 'dozens of research grants' across multiple continents per web-search-derived summaries, but no verifiable aggregate dollar figure for total GCRLE funds raised/distributed, nor any personal founder-equity company funding, could be found in the time available. Not fabricating a number here." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5 (subagent, single-model placeholder)", "estimate_years": 0.2, "range_low": 0, "range_high": 1.0, "reasoning": "Garrison's work targets female healthspan (delaying ovarian aging and its systemic downstream effects on cardiovascular, bone, and cognitive health) rather than a specific pharmacological lifespan-extension mechanism with human trial data. If future interventions from her research program reach clinical use, the impact would primarily be on women's healthspan/quality-of-life rather than measured lifespan extension; current evidence base is preclinical/observational." } ], "median_years": 0.2, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. Produced by a single model in a subagent context; the main session should run a true multi-model ensemble as a refinement step." }, "researcher_notes": "No conflicting information found. Reproductive/ovarian aging is a newer, less numerically mature subfield (lower citation counts than more established senescence researchers) but Garrison's institution-building role (GCRLE) is a genuine and distinctive contribution worth noting even without a dollar figure." }, { "slug": "jesus-gil", "name": "Jesus Gil", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 1.5, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 72, "citations_total": 31244, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://openalex.org/A5021099644", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "high", "notes": "OpenAlex record A5021099644 ('Jes\u00fas Gil') lists Imperial College London, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Hammersmith Hospital, and NIHR Imperial BRC, exactly matching his known role as Head of the Senescence Research Group at MRC LMS and Professor at Imperial College London. Works count (233) and h-index (72) are consistent with a senior, highly-cited senescence researcher. Other same-named candidates (Jes\u00fas P\u00e9rez-Gil at Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Jes\u00fas Gil at Colombian universities) were excluded on institution mismatch." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Senescent Cell Biology & SASP", "discovery": "Co-discovered (Acosta et al., Cell, 2008) that CXCR2-binding chemokines (e.g. IL-8, GRO\u03b1/CXCL1) secreted by senescent cells act back on the same cells in an autocrine loop via the CXCR2 receptor, reinforcing and locking in the senescence-associated cell-cycle arrest.", "year": "2008", "evidence_url": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.4161/cc.7.19.6780", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Tissue-Specific Senescence (skin, lung, kidney, etc.)", "discovery": "Co-discovered (Acosta et al., Nature Cell Biology, 2013) 'paracrine senescence', showing that the SASP of senescent cells can spread the senescent state to neighboring healthy cells, and that this transmission is orchestrated by NLRP3 inflammasome activation and downstream IL-1\u03b1/IL-1\u03b2 signaling.", "year": "2013", "evidence_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3732483/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Senolytics (drug discovery)", "discovery": "Lab identified cardiac glycosides as a potent, broad-spectrum senolytic drug class (published in Nature Metabolism, 2019), and later (2023) identified the COPI vesicular transport pathway as a vulnerability in senescent cells exploitable by NMT (N-myristoyltransferase) inhibitors as a novel senolytic mechanism.", "year": "2019-2023", "evidence_url": "https://www.ucl.ac.uk/news/2023/nov/new-target-identified-drugs-treat-cancer-and-age-related-diseases", "confidence": "medium" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [ { "name": "NMT inhibitor-based senolytic ADCs (unnamed candidate)", "role": "co-inventor / scientific consultant", "stage": "preclinical", "company": "Myricx Bio (Myricx Pharma)", "source_url": "https://www.cancerresearchhorizons.com/news-and-events/our-news/enhanced-potential-myricxs-nmt-inhibitor-payloads-dual-senolytic-and" } ], "notes": "Gil's lab discovered that NMT inhibitors act as potent senolytics; this IP was licensed to Myricx Bio, which is developing antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) combining cytotoxic and senolytic activity. Gil also holds consulting/advisory roles (reported, not independently verified against SEC/company filings) with Unity Biotechnology, Geras Bio, Merck KGaA, and has received research funding from Pfizer, but no specific drug candidate name/stage could be verified for these beyond Myricx." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": null, "companies": [ "Myricx Bio" ], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [], "notes": "No verifiable total-funding figure found for Myricx Bio or Geras Bio in the time available. Gil is a consultant/equity-holder rather than a company founder/executive in the ventures identified, so the 'as_founder_or_exec' framing does not clearly apply; leaving null rather than guessing." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5 (subagent, single-model placeholder)", "estimate_years": 0.5, "range_low": 0.1, "range_high": 2.0, "reasoning": "Gil's mechanistic discoveries (SASP autocrine/paracrine signaling, senolytic drug classes) are foundational to the senolytics field broadly, which has multiple compounds now in early human trials elsewhere (e.g. dasatinib+quercetin, fisetin). His personal drug-discovery output (Myricx ADCs) is still preclinical, so near-term direct impact on any individual's lifespan is low; the discovery-science contribution to the field's overall trajectory is larger but diffuse and not attributable as a personal lifespan-years number." } ], "median_years": 0.5, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. Produced by a single model in a subagent context; the main session should run a true multi-model ensemble as a refinement step." }, "researcher_notes": "Strong, well-documented academic and mechanistic-discovery profile. Drug discovery and funding figures are the weakest-verified parts; Gil appears to be primarily an academic/consultant rather than a company founder, consistent with his agingbiotech.info profile showing no company affiliation listed." }, { "slug": "joe-betts-lacroix", "name": "Joe Betts-LaCroix", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "unfilteredonline" ], "company_affiliation": "Retro", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 0.0, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 5, "citations_total": 251, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://openalex.org/A5001015041", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "high", "notes": "OpenAlex record A5001015041 lists 'Coherus BioSciences (United States)' as institution and only 6 works. This is consistent with Betts-LaCroix's profile as primarily an entrepreneur/engineer (co-founder of OQO, Vium, Retro Biosciences) rather than a career academic; his low publication count is expected, not a sign of a wrong match." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "In Vivo Partial Reprogramming", "discovery": "Retro Biosciences (co-founded and led by Betts-LaCroix as CEO), in collaboration with OpenAI's applied research team, used a biology-specialized language model ('GPT-4b micro') to redesign two Yamanaka reprogramming factors (SOX2 and KLF4) into new variants ('RetroSOX' and 'RetroKLF') that reportedly achieved ~50x higher stem-cell marker expression and cut iPSC generation time from ~21 days to ~7 days versus wild-type factors, with improved DNA-damage repair during reprogramming, validated across multiple cell types and older human donors.", "year": "2025", "evidence_url": "https://openai.com/index/accelerating-life-sciences-research-with-retro-biosciences/", "confidence": "medium" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [ { "name": "RTR242", "role": "founder/CEO (company-level, not sole inventor)", "stage": "phase1", "company": "Retro Biosciences", "source_url": "https://longevity.technology/news/retro-bio-commences-first-in-human-trial/" } ], "notes": "RTR242 is Retro Biosciences' lead small-molecule autophagy-inducing candidate, targeting age-related neurodegenerative disease (including Alzheimer's), which entered Phase 1 human trials in late 2025. Betts-LaCroix is co-founder and CEO of Retro; he is not necessarily the direct molecular inventor of RTR242 (the company runs multiple internal research programs), so role is listed as company-level founder/CEO rather than 'key scientist'." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": 1180, "companies": [ "Retro Biosciences" ], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [ "https://longevity.technology/news/retro-bio-commences-first-in-human-trial/", "https://www.p05.org/company-of-the-week-retro-biosciences/" ], "notes": "Retro Biosciences raised $180M in its initial seed (2021-2022, backed by Sam Altman personally), then a reported $1B Series A in January 2025 (also Altman-backed), and closed an initial tranche of an additional undisclosed round in May 2026 at a $1.8B valuation led by 4P Capital. Cumulative disclosed funding is therefore roughly $1.18B+ ($180M + $1B), higher than the $180M figure in the locally scraped agingbiotech.info company file (data/companies/retro-biosciences.md), which appears to reflect only the original seed round and should be treated as outdated. The $1B Series A and $1.8B valuation come from a single AI-mediated web search summary citing longevity-industry press (longevity.technology, p05.org) and were not independently cross-checked against a primary press release; medium confidence on the exact amount, high confidence that the figure is well above $180M." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5 (subagent, single-model placeholder)", "estimate_years": 1.0, "range_low": 0.1, "range_high": 4.0, "reasoning": "Retro's stated mission is +10 healthy years; RTR242 is in Phase 1 (safety-stage, no efficacy data yet) and the AI-designed reprogramming factors are preclinical. Given the very early clinical stage and lack of human efficacy data, near-term realized lifespan impact for any individual is minimal; the range reflects substantial uncertainty about whether the autophagy or reprogramming programs will ultimately translate into an approved, effective therapy." } ], "median_years": 1.0, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. Produced by a single model in a subagent context; the main session should run a true multi-model ensemble as a refinement step." }, "researcher_notes": "Funding figure ($1.18B+) is a significant update versus the locally scraped $180M in data/companies/retro-biosciences.md and should be flagged to the main session as a dataset staleness issue to potentially re-verify and update that company file. Also worth noting Betts-LaCroix's earlier companies (OQO - smallest Windows PC, acquired; Vium - automated animal research, acquired by Recursion) as entrepreneurial background, though neither is aging-specific so not included as 'drug discovery' output." }, { "slug": "john-speakman", "name": "John Speakman", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 1.0, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 108, "citations_total": 46590, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://openalex.org/A5051265138", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "high", "notes": "OpenAlex record A5051265138 ('John Roger Speakman') lists University of Aberdeen, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, and other affiliations, exactly matching his known dual UK/China academic appointments. Works count (887) and very high h-index (108) are consistent with a highly prolific, senior physiological ecologist. Other same-named candidates (textile researcher, NHS clinician) were excluded on institution/topic mismatch." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Mitochondrial Dysfunction", "discovery": "Co-authored a 2004 Aging Cell study ('uncoupling to survive' hypothesis) showing that mice with the highest metabolic rates and greatest mitochondrial proton leak (uncoupling) actually lived longest, directly challenging the free-radical/rate-of-living theory's prediction that higher metabolism should shorten lifespan via increased ROS production.", "year": "2004", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15855403/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Deregulated Nutrient Sensing (mTOR/AMPK/IGF-1)", "discovery": "Co-led a large international study (published in Science, 2021) using doubly-labelled water measurements in over 6,600 people aged one week to 95 across 29 countries, establishing that human daily energy expenditure follows four distinct life-stage phases (infancy peak, childhood decline, a stable adult plateau from ~20-60 with no midlife slowdown, and a ~0.7%/year decline after 60), overturning prior assumptions about continuous metabolic decline with age.", "year": "2021", "evidence_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8346887/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Caloric Restriction & Dietary Restriction Biology", "discovery": "Pioneered systematic study of graded (rather than binary on/off) levels of caloric and protein restriction in mice, mapping dose-dependent effects on transcriptomics, epigenetic aging clocks, activity, and strain-dependent variation in CR response/lifespan outcomes.", "year": "2010s-2020s", "evidence_url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/414555791_Reducing_the_strain_on_calorie_restriction", "confidence": "medium" }, { "area": "Metabolic Syndrome & Type 2 Diabetes in Aging", "discovery": "Proposed the 'Drifty Gene Hypothesis' (2008) as an alternative to the 'thrifty gene hypothesis', arguing that human susceptibility to obesity arose from genetic drift after predation pressure was removed by tools/fire/sociality roughly 2 million years ago, rather than from famine-adaptive selection.", "year": "2008", "evidence_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drifty_gene_hypothesis", "confidence": "medium" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [], "notes": "No drug discovery output found. Speakman's profile (both his own scraped agingbiotech.info entry and web search) shows no company affiliation or drug candidate; he is a career academic physiological ecologist/biogerontologist at University of Aberdeen and the Chinese Academy of Sciences." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": null, "companies": [], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [], "notes": "No company affiliation found; not applicable. No specific major grant total could be verified in the time available (would require institutional grant-database lookup beyond scope of this pass)." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5 (subagent, single-model placeholder)", "estimate_years": 0.1, "range_low": 0, "range_high": 0.5, "reasoning": "Speakman's work is foundational basic-science (challenging the free-radical theory, mapping human energy expenditure across the lifespan, dissecting caloric restriction mechanisms) rather than a translated intervention. It shapes the field's mechanistic understanding of metabolism and aging but has no direct, individually-attributable lifespan-extension pathway of its own." } ], "median_years": 0.1, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. Produced by a single model in a subagent context; the main session should run a true multi-model ensemble as a refinement step." }, "researcher_notes": "Very strong academic profile (h-index 108 is the highest encountered in this batch of 16). No conflicting information found. Purely academic career with no drug discovery or company involvement identified." }, { "slug": "jo-o-pedro-de-magalh-es", "name": "Jo\u00e3o Pedro de Magalh\u00e3es", "alt_names": [ "Joao Pedro de Magalhaes" ], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": "YouthBio", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 5.0, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 76, "citations_total": 19529, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://openalex.org/A5054858013", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "high", "notes": "OpenAlex record A5054858013 lists University of Liverpool and University of Birmingham, matching his known career trajectory (Liverpool 2008-2022, then Chair of Molecular Biogerontology at Birmingham from 2022). Works count (315) and h-index (76) are consistent with a senior, highly-cited comparative genomics/bioinformatics-of-aging researcher." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Comparative Genomics of Long-Lived Species", "discovery": "Led the first genome sequencing and analysis of the bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus, the longest-lived mammal, living 200+ years), published in Cell Reports (2015), identifying unique mutations/duplications in DNA-repair (e.g. ERCC1) and cell-cycle regulation genes (e.g. PCNA) proposed to explain the species' cancer resistance despite Peto's Paradox (many more cells than humans yet low cancer incidence).", "year": "2015", "evidence_url": "https://www.sci.news/genetics/science-genome-bowhead-whale-02386.html", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Aging Biomarker Development (general)", "discovery": "Created and curates AnAge (the Animal Ageing and Longevity Database), a highly-used reference database of longevity and life-history data for over 4,600 species, and leads the broader Human Ageing Genomic Resources (HAGR) suite including GenAge (aging-related genes), DrugAge (lifespan-extending compounds), CellAge (senescence genes), and GenDR (dietary-restriction genes) -- widely-cited community infrastructure for comparative biogerontology.", "year": "2005-ongoing", "evidence_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Pedro_de_Magalh%C3%A3es", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Comparative Genomics of Long-Lived Species", "discovery": "Contributed to genomic analyses of the naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber), a rodent living 30+ years with strong cancer resistance, as part of the broader comparative-genomics program identifying molecular correlates of exceptional longevity across mammals.", "year": "2010s", "evidence_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Pedro_de_Magalh%C3%A3es", "confidence": "medium" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [ { "name": "YB002", "role": "advisor/CSO (company-level)", "stage": "preclinical", "company": "YouthBio Therapeutics", "source_url": "https://lifespan.io/youthbio-therapeutics-announces-positive-fda-feedback/" } ], "notes": "De Magalhaes serves as Chief Scientific Officer of YouthBio Therapeutics (co-founded by Yuri Deigin and Viet Ly), whose lead pipeline candidate YB002 is a rejuvenation gene therapy based on partial cellular (Yamanaka-factor) reprogramming targeting brain aging/cognitive decline, reportedly with positive early FDA feedback. He also reportedly co-founded Oxford Cryotechnology (2023, cryopreservation/AI) and Magellan Science Ltd (2019, longevity consulting), and previously served as CSO of Centaura (from 2020). These company roles and the YB002 details come from a single AI-mediated web search summary citing longevity-industry press (lifespan.io, longevity.technology) and were not independently cross-checked against primary company sources; medium/low confidence on exact role framing." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": null, "companies": [ "YouthBio Therapeutics" ], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [ "https://pitchbook.com/profiles/company/495884-89" ], "notes": "YouthBio Therapeutics' total funding is estimated by industry trackers (PitchBook, per a web-search summary) at under $10M, including a reported $3.5M seed target announced in 2023 by CEO Yuri Deigin; exact cumulative total not publicly disclosed and not independently verified here. De Magalhaes is CSO, not the primary founder/fundraiser, so this figure is not attributed to him as 'as_founder_or_exec' with confidence." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5 (subagent, single-model placeholder)", "estimate_years": 0.3, "range_low": 0.05, "range_high": 1.5, "reasoning": "De Magalhaes' primary legacy is comparative-genomics discovery science and open community databases (AnAge/HAGR) that underpin the whole field's target-discovery pipeline, which is high-value but diffuse and not personally attributable to a lifespan-years number. His direct drug-development role (YouthBio's YB002) is preclinical with no human efficacy data yet, so near-term direct impact is low." } ], "median_years": 0.3, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. Produced by a single model in a subagent context; the main session should run a true multi-model ensemble as a refinement step." }, "researcher_notes": "Strong academic and discovery-science profile (bowhead whale genome, AnAge/HAGR databases are genuinely foundational community resources). Company/funding details for YouthBio, Oxford Cryotechnology, Magellan Science, and Centaura rest on a single unverified web search pass and should be treated as lower-confidence than the academic output section." }, { "slug": "juan-carlos-izpisua-belmonte", "name": "Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte", "alt_names": [ "Juan Carlos Izpis\u00faa Belmonte" ], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "unfilteredonline" ], "company_affiliation": "Altos Labs", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 0.5, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 127, "citations_total": 56300, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://openalex.org/A5050690657", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "high", "notes": "OpenAlex record A5050690657 ('Juan Carlos Izpis\u00faa Belmonte') lists Salk Institute for Biological Studies and Altos Labs among affiliations, exactly matching his known career (longtime Salk professor, then moved to Altos Labs). Works count (618) and very high h-index (127) are consistent with one of the most-cited researchers in regenerative biology/reprogramming." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "In Vivo Partial Reprogramming", "discovery": "Led (with lead author Alejandro Ocampo) a landmark 2016 Cell paper demonstrating that cyclic, short-pulse ('partial') in vivo expression of Yamanaka factors (OSKM) in progeria-model mice extended their lifespan by ~30% (18 to 24 weeks average survival), reversed markers of DNA damage and epigenetic aging, and improved organ/cardiovascular function without inducing the teratomas caused by continuous full reprogramming.", "year": "2016", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27984723/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "In Vivo Partial Reprogramming", "discovery": "Published a 2022 Nature Aging follow-up (with Genentech) showing that long-term partial reprogramming safely reversed epigenetic-clock age and restored youthful gene-expression patterns in kidney and skin tissue of normal, healthy, non-progeroid mice aged 15-22 months, without causing cancer, extending the partial-reprogramming rejuvenation concept from a disease model to normal physiological aging.", "year": "2022", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37118377/", "confidence": "high" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [], "notes": "No specific named drug candidate with a defined clinical stage was found directly attributed to Izpisua Belmonte. He is a key scientific team member (per agingbiotech.info company data) of Altos Labs, whose stated program targets cell rejuvenation via partial/epigenetic (OSKM) reprogramming and which reported (per Rick Klausner, July 2024, cited in local company data) a 25% lifespan extension in old mice from a single injection of a Yamanaka-factor formulation in a 1,000-mouse study; Altos' pipeline is explicitly pre-clinical stage per agingbiotech.info (data/companies/altos-labs.md), with no named drug candidate or clinical trial yet disclosed." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": 5560, "companies": [ "Altos Labs" ], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [], "notes": "Figure taken directly from data/companies/altos-labs.md (agingbiotech.info scrape, 2026-09-28): Altos Labs total raised is listed as $5,560M (~$5.56B), founded 2021, with Izpisua Belmonte named among key team members (alongside Hal Barron, Rick Klausner, Hans Bishop, Wolf Reik, Jodi Nunnari). Izpisua Belmonte is a scientific leader/PI at Altos rather than its CEO; this figure represents total company-level funding, not an amount personally raised by him." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5 (subagent, single-model placeholder)", "estimate_years": 2.0, "range_low": 0.2, "range_high": 8.0, "reasoning": "Izpisua Belmonte's partial-reprogramming work is arguably the single most influential mechanistic discovery underpinning the current cellular-rejuvenation biotech wave (Altos Labs, Retro, and others), with strong mouse-model lifespan data (30% extension in a disease model; reported 25% extension in normal aged mice within a large industry study). However, no human clinical data exists yet for any reprogramming therapeutic, so translating this to an individual human lifespan-years estimate remains highly speculative; the wide range reflects genuine scientific uncertainty about human translatability, dosing safety, and cancer risk." } ], "median_years": 2.0, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. Produced by a single model in a subagent context; the main session should run a true multi-model ensemble as a refinement step." }, "researcher_notes": "Very strong, high-confidence academic and discovery profile; the 2016 Cell and 2022 Nature Aging papers are among the most-cited and most consequential in the entire reprogramming/rejuvenation subfield. Funding figure is a company-level total (Altos Labs), not personal; flagged accordingly. No conflicting information found." }, { "slug": "judith-campisi", "name": "Judith Campisi", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": "Unity", "deceased": true, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 2.0, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 134, "citations_total": 106003, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://openalex.org/A5001970748", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "high", "notes": "OpenAlex record A5001970748 lists University of Southern California, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, exactly matching her known career. Works count (527), h-index (134), and citation total (106,003) reflect her status as one of the most-cited researchers in the entire aging/senescence field. Other same-named records (Lawrence Livermore, no institution) have 0-2 works and were excluded as non-matches." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Senescent Cell Biology & SASP", "discovery": "Coined the term 'Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP)' and, with colleagues (Coppe, Patil, Rodier, Sun, Munoz, Goldstein, Nelson, Desprez), published the landmark 2008 PLoS Biology paper systematically profiling the secretome of senescent cells, showing senescent cells remain metabolically active and secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and matrix-remodeling proteases that can cell-nonautonomously promote invasive behavior in neighboring pre-malignant cells, evidencing antagonistic pleiotropy in aging.", "year": "2008", "evidence_url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.0060301", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Senescence in Cancer (paradox biology)", "discovery": "Established that p53 loss and oncogenic RAS expression both amplify the SASP, mechanistically linking cancer-associated tumor-suppressor/oncogene status to the inflammatory tissue microenvironment, and showed comparable secretory phenotypes occur in prostate-cancer patients' tumor cells after DNA-damaging chemotherapy, implicating treatment-induced senescence in tumor recurrence risk.", "year": "2008-2010", "evidence_url": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.4161/cc.7.19.6780", "confidence": "high" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [ { "name": "Unity Biotechnology senolytic pipeline (UBX0101 and successors)", "role": "scientific co-founder", "stage": "phase2", "company": "Unity Biotechnology", "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unity_Biotechnology" } ], "notes": "Campisi was a scientific co-founder of Unity Biotechnology (originally Cenexys, founded ~2011 with Nathaniel David, Jan van Deursen, and Daohong Zhou), the first company to bring a senolytic into human clinical trials (knee osteoarthritis; failed Phase 2; company later shifted to eye indications before ceasing operations in 2025 per data/companies/unity-biotechnology.md). Campisi publicly described herself as a 'scientific founder' rather than a business founder, and structured her involvement so that Unity funded ongoing basic research in her academic lab rather than for large personal equity. She is listed on the deceased-flag in the local scraped profile (data/people/judith-campisi.md), consistent with her death in January 2024." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": 291, "companies": [ "Unity Biotechnology" ], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [], "notes": "Figure taken directly from data/companies/unity-biotechnology.md (agingbiotech.info scrape, 2026-09-28): Unity Biotechnology total raised is listed as $291M, founded 2011, though its 'Key team' field names Anirvan Ghosh rather than Campisi (Ghosh was likely CEO/business lead; Campisi's role was specifically as scientific co-founder per multiple web sources). This funding figure represents the company total, not personally raised by Campisi." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5 (subagent, single-model placeholder)", "estimate_years": 1.0, "range_low": 0.1, "range_high": 3.0, "reasoning": "Campisi's discovery of the SASP is foundational to the entire senolytics/senomorphics field, motivating dozens of companies and academic programs beyond Unity itself; this makes her scientific influence very high, but Unity's own clinical program (the direct company she co-founded) failed its Phase 2 osteoarthritis endpoint and the company ceased operations in 2025, so the specific commercial vehicle she was attached to did not deliver a marketed therapy. The estimate reflects field-level foundational influence discounted heavily for the lack of an approved product from her own company." } ], "median_years": 1.0, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. Produced by a single model in a subagent context; the main session should run a true multi-model ensemble as a refinement step." }, "researcher_notes": "Note the discrepancy between the locally scraped agingbiotech.info profile listing 'Company affiliation: Unity' for Campisi and Unity's own company file listing 'Key team: Anirvan Ghosh' (not Campisi). Cross-referenced against independent sources (Wikipedia, Buck Institute obituary materials, AACR in-memoriam article) confirming Campisi was specifically a scientific co-founder (not CEO/business lead) of Unity/Cenexys; this resolves the apparent inconsistency rather than indicating an error, but worth flagging since the two local data files don't cross-reference each other's key-team lists. Campisi passed away in January 2024; all forward-looking claims about her are historical." }, { "slug": "kristen-fortney", "name": "Kristen Fortney", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": "BioAge Labs", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 2.0, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 21, "citations_total": 1755, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://openalex.org/A5080502861", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "high", "notes": "OpenAlex record A5080502861 shows a career affiliation history of Ontario Institute for Cancer Research / University Health Network / University of Toronto (2007-2015, consistent with her PhD in Medical Biophysics at University of Toronto), then Stanford Medicine/Stanford University (2014-2016, consistent with her postdoc in Stuart Kim's lab studying exceptional-longevity genetics), then 'BioAge' (2022) and 'Joint BioEnergy Institute' (2025-2026, likely an OpenAlex institution-matching artifact for her most recent affiliation string rather than an actual employer change). ORCID (0000-0002-6008-2170) is attached to this record, supporting a confident single-person match despite the odd final institution label." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Genetics of Human Longevity (GWAS, centenarian studies)", "discovery": "As a postdoctoral fellow in Stuart Kim's lab at Stanford, contributed to research on the genetics and genomics of human exceptional longevity (centenarians and their families), work that informed BioAge Labs' later human-biobank-first drug discovery approach.", "year": "2012-2015", "evidence_url": "https://milkeninstitute.org/events/global-conference-2023/speakers/kristen-fortney", "confidence": "medium" }, { "area": "Musculoskeletal Aging (Osteoporosis, Sarcopenia)", "discovery": "BioAge Labs (co-founded by Fortney) identified, via analysis of decades-long human longitudinal biobank data, that the apelin/APJ signaling pathway ('exerkine' pathway activated by exercise) predicts healthy longevity and physical function, with older individuals maintaining higher circulating apelin showing superior grip strength and greater longevity; this human-data-first discovery led to licensing azelaprag (an APJ agonist) for clinical testing.", "year": "2020-2023", "evidence_url": "https://insights.citeline.com/in-vivo/leadership/c-suite-speaks/inside-bioage-kristen-fortney-on-aging-research-breakthroughs-NPP46HJDB5ARTCUGQPHW4QBQXE/", "confidence": "medium" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [ { "name": "Azelaprag (AMG 986 / BGE-105)", "role": "founder/CEO (company-level)", "stage": "phase2", "company": "BioAge Labs", "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azelaprag" }, { "name": "BGE-102", "role": "founder/CEO (company-level)", "stage": "phase2", "company": "BioAge Labs", "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azelaprag" } ], "notes": "Azelaprag, an oral APJ-receptor agonist originally developed by Amgen for heart failure and licensed by BioAge, showed positive muscle-preservation results in a Phase 1b bed-rest study and was advanced (with Eli Lilly) into the STRIDES Phase 2 trial combining it with tirzepatide for obesity-related muscle loss; BioAge discontinued azelaprag's clinical development in December 2024 after detecting a liver-enzyme (transaminase) safety signal. BioAge subsequently pivoted its lead program to BGE-102, a brain-penetrant oral NLRP3 inhibitor, reported to be in Phase 2 trials (QUELL-CV for cardiovascular risk, QUELL-DME for diabetic macular edema) as of late 2026. These company-pipeline details come from a single AI-mediated web search pass citing industry press (Time, FierceBiotech, Endpoints, MedCity News, BioAge's own site) and should be re-verified against BioAge's own investor disclosures before being treated as final." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": 294, "companies": [ "BioAge Labs" ], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [], "notes": "Figure taken directly from data/companies/bioage-labs.md (agingbiotech.info scrape, 2026-09-28): BioAge Labs total raised is listed as $294M, founded 2015, publicly traded (NASDAQ: BIOA) with a market cap of ~$324M in that scrape; Fortney is named as key team lead. Note the local file also references a Novartis partnership worth $530M and a $170M Series D partly from Lilly in early 2024; these appear to be partnership/deal values rather than pure equity funding and are already captured in the $294M and $530M figures in the source file, not summed here to avoid double counting." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5 (subagent, single-model placeholder)", "estimate_years": 0.3, "range_low": 0, "range_high": 1.5, "reasoning": "BioAge's lead asset (azelaprag) failed clinically (hepatotoxicity signal, discontinued Dec 2024) despite promising Phase 1b muscle-preservation data, and the company's newer NLRP3 inhibitor (BGE-102) is still in Phase 2 with no approved product. Direct, measured lifespan impact to date is therefore essentially zero; any future impact depends on BGE-102 or successor APJ agonists succeeding through Phase 3 and approval, which is uncertain." } ], "median_years": 0.3, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. Produced by a single model in a subagent context; the main session should run a true multi-model ensemble as a refinement step." }, "researcher_notes": "IMPORTANT UPDATE FLAG: the azelaprag program (BioAge's original lead candidate, referenced implicitly in the locally scraped company file's 'APJ, NLRP3' targets and Novartis/Lilly deal mentions) was discontinued in December 2024 due to a liver safety signal, per web search of industry press. The local data/companies/bioage-labs.md file predates or does not reflect this discontinuation and should be updated/re-verified; it still lists APJ as a lead target and does not mention the pivot to BGE-102. Recommend the main session re-scrape or manually update this company file." }, { "slug": "laura-deming", "name": "Laura Deming", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 3.5, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": null, "citations_total": null, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://openalex.org/A5041607166", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "low", "notes": "No confident single OpenAlex match found. Five 'Laura Deming' candidates exist with h-indices 0-4 and no aging-relevant institutional affiliation (Menlo School, Google, Howard Hughes Medical Institute/UCSF, no institution). Deming is not primarily an academic publisher; she left MIT physics as an undergraduate (age 17, Thiel Fellowship) to pursue venture investing rather than a research career, so a high-citation academic profile would not be expected. Not fabricating a number; marking null/low-confidence per spec instructions." }, "genuine_discoveries": [], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [], "notes": "No direct drug discovery output (as an inventor/scientist) found. Deming is a longevity investor and biotech company founder rather than a bench scientist; her contributions are field-building and capital allocation. Her venture portfolio (via The Longevity Fund and age1) includes companies with real drug/therapeutic programs (e.g. Unity Biotechnology's senolytics, Loyal's canine longevity drugs), but she is an investor/board-level backer of these, not the scientific inventor, so no candidate is listed here to avoid overstating her role." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": 141, "companies": [ "The Longevity Fund", "age1", "Cradle (Until Labs)" ], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [ "https://www.rapamycin.news/t/new-venture-firm-age1-raises-35-million-toward-early-stage-longevity-fund/9494", "https://www.biospace.com/press-releases/until-labs-announces-58m-series-a-funding-round-to-develop-an-organ-cryopreservation-product-for-transplant-patients-and-surgeons" ], "notes": "Deming founded The Longevity Fund in 2011 (world's first VC fund focused explicitly on aging/life extension), which raised a first fund of $4M and a second fund of $22M (2017) per web search of firm history (f4.fund, Business Insider); she then co-founded age1 (with Alex Colville) in September 2023, which launched with an initial $35M close for early-stage longevity startups. Separately, she co-founded and serves as CEO of Cradle, rebranded to Until Labs in September 2025, a reversible-cryopreservation/organ-preservation company that raised a $48M seed (June 2024) and a $58M Series A (September 2025, led by Founders Fund), for a combined >$100M at that company alone. Total across all ventures: $4M + $22M + $35M + $48M + $58M = $167M in fund/company vehicles she founded or co-founded (figure used above, $141M, is a conservative subtotal excluding the $22M second Longevity Fund figure pending independent verification; treat all these figures as medium confidence, derived from a single AI-mediated web search pass on industry press, not independently cross-checked against SEC/company filings)." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5 (subagent, single-model placeholder)", "estimate_years": 0.1, "range_low": 0, "range_high": 0.5, "reasoning": "Deming's impact is almost entirely as a capital allocator and field-builder (first dedicated longevity VC fund, accelerator programs), which has plausibly accelerated the overall longevity biotech ecosystem's growth, but has no direct individually-attributable lifespan-extension mechanism of her own. Her current venture (Until Labs, reversible cryopreservation) is aimed at organ preservation for transplant, an important but distinct goal from direct human lifespan extension, and is still early-stage with no proven reversible whole-organ (let alone whole-body) preservation demonstrated in humans." } ], "median_years": 0.1, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. Produced by a single model in a subagent context; the main session should run a true multi-model ensemble as a refinement step." }, "researcher_notes": "Notable finding: Deming's most recent venture is Cradle/Until Labs (reversible cryopreservation, primarily organ-preservation focused, not aging biology per se), which is a shift from her earlier drug-discovery-adjacent investing (Unity Biotechnology, Loyal) toward biostasis/cryopreservation technology. This should probably be tagged under 'Cryopreservation & Biostasis' (area 100) in addition to 'Longevity Investing & Venture Capital' (area 95) and 'Longevity Biotech Entrepreneurship' (area 91) if/when this profile is used for area-tagging elsewhere in the portal. No academic publication record exists for her; this is expected given her career path, not a research gap." }, { "slug": "linda-partridge", "name": "Linda Partridge", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ "unfilteredonline", "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": null, "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": null, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 134, "citations_total": 95616, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://openalex.org/A5059311261", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "high", "notes": "OpenAlex record A5059311261 lists MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, and University College London, exactly matching her known career (Weldon Professor of Biogerontology at UCL, founding director at Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing). Works count (818) and very high h-index (134) reflect her status as one of the most-cited living biogerontologists. Other same-named candidates had near-zero works/citations and were excluded." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Rapamycin & mTOR Inhibition", "discovery": "Published (2022, Nature Aging) the discovery that brief, early-adulthood-only rapamycin treatment (2 weeks in flies, 3 months in mice) confers the same lifespan-extension and gut-health benefits as lifelong continuous dosing, via a persistent long-term increase in intestinal autophagy -- a 'rapamycin memory' effect with major implications for reducing side-effect burden in future human dosing regimens.", "year": "2022", "evidence_url": "https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/long-lasting-geroprotection-from-brief-rapamycin-treatment-in-ear/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Rapamycin & mTOR Inhibition", "discovery": "Discovered a sex-specific difference in rapamycin's efficacy: in Drosophila, rapamycin extends lifespan and preserves gut health substantially more in females than males, because female intestinal cells show a larger autophagy boost from the drug while male cells already have high basal autophagy, highlighting the need for sex-stratified dosing in future human geroprotector trials.", "year": "2022", "evidence_url": "https://www.ucl.ac.uk/news/2022/dec/anti-ageing-drug-rapamycin-might-only-benefit-females", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Deregulated Nutrient Sensing (mTOR/AMPK/IGF-1)", "discovery": "Demonstrated synergistic combination drug therapy targeting multiple arms of the nutrient-sensing network: a low-dose triple combination of rapamycin, lithium (GSK3 pathway), and trametinib (Ras-MEK-ERK pathway) produced a 48% lifespan extension in Drosophila (2019, PNAS) while reducing the negative side effects seen with each drug individually; a follow-up dual rapamycin+trametinib combination extended both healthspan and lifespan by ~30% in mice (2025, Nature Aging), reducing inflammaging and delaying age-related cancers without added toxicity.", "year": "2019, 2025", "evidence_url": "https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1913212116", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Autophagy & Lysosomal Function", "discovery": "Showed that rapamycin increases histone protein levels in aging gut cells (2021), restoring youthful chromatin packaging and reducing DNA damage/aberrant gene expression, a mechanism conserved across flies and mice linking nutrient-sensing pathways to epigenetic/genomic integrity in aging tissue.", "year": "2021", "evidence_url": "https://www.technologynetworks.com/drug-discovery/news/anti-aging-drug-candidate-rapamycin-alters-how-dna-is-stored-349671", "confidence": "medium" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [], "notes": "No named clinical-stage drug candidate or company founded by Partridge was found; her rapamycin/trametinib/lithium combination work is at the mouse/fly model stage, not yet in a company pipeline or human trial to our knowledge. She is a foundational academic researcher whose mechanistic discoveries (rapamycin dosing schedules, sex-specific effects, combination therapy) directly inform ongoing and future rapamycin-based clinical geroscience trials being run by others, but no drug discovery output (as founder/inventor of a named clinical asset) is attributed to her personally." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": null, "companies": [], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [], "notes": "No company affiliation found; not applicable. Partridge has held major institutional leadership roles (Weldon Professor at UCL, founding director of the Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing) with associated large-scale institutional funding, but no specific personal or company-level fundraising total was verified in the time available." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5 (subagent, single-model placeholder)", "estimate_years": 1.0, "range_low": 0.1, "range_high": 3.0, "reasoning": "Partridge's rapamycin dosing-schedule, sex-specificity, and combination-therapy discoveries directly inform how rapamycin-based interventions (already used off-label by some individuals and in ongoing academic/company trials elsewhere, e.g. PEARL trial) might be optimized for humans; this is a real and fairly direct mechanistic contribution to a drug class with published human safety data (rapamycin is FDA-approved for other indications), but no controlled human lifespan trial exists yet for her specific dosing/combination protocols, so translation to a firm human lifespan-years number remains speculative." } ], "median_years": 1.0, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. Produced by a single model in a subagent context; the main session should run a true multi-model ensemble as a refinement step." }, "researcher_notes": "Very strong, high-confidence academic profile with a rich, well-documented, and specific discovery record (rare to have this many distinct dated papers with clear mechanistic claims). No conflicting information found. No local data/people/linda-partridge.md file existed prior to this research (only data/people-sources/ raw scrapes); this appears to be a genuine gap in the previously-built dataset worth flagging to the main session." }, { "slug": "luigi-fontana", "name": "Luigi Fontana", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 1.5, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 82, "citations_total": 32846, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://openalex.org/A5025203839", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "high", "notes": "OpenAlex record A5025203839 lists The University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, matching his current post (Professor of Translational Metabolic Health, University of Sydney; previously Washington University in St. Louis). Works count (389) and h-index (82) are consistent with a senior, highly-cited human-nutrition/calorie-restriction researcher. A second candidate record with the same name and overlapping institutions but much lower h-index (36) and additional Italian institutions (likely a split profile or partial overlap with a different Luigi Fontana) was not used as primary." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Caloric Restriction & Dietary Restriction Biology", "discovery": "Discovered that, unlike in rodents, severe long-term calorie restriction in humans does not lower circulating IGF-1 unless protein intake is also reduced (from typical Western ~1.67 g/kg/day to ~0.95 g/kg/day), establishing that dietary protein -- not calories alone -- is the dominant regulator of IGF-1 in humans and reframing how CR-mimetic interventions should be designed for people.", "year": "2008", "evidence_url": "https://www.cybermedlife.eu/attachments/article/1061/Long-term%20effects%20of%20calorie%20or%20protein%20restriction%20on%20serum%20IGF-1%20and%20IGFBP-3%20concentration%20in%20humans..pdf", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Caloric Restriction & Dietary Restriction Biology", "discovery": "As a key investigator in the CALERIE (Comprehensive Assessment of Long-term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy) randomized controlled trials, contributed to findings that ~12-25% calorie restriction over 2 years improves glycemic control and insulin sensitivity via remodeling of the adiponectin-ceramide axis and bioactive lipids, and that post-trial weight regain rapidly reverses the CR-induced benefits on the insulin/IGF-1 nutrient-sensing pathway.", "year": "2015-2025 (post-hoc analyses ongoing)", "evidence_url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/402315726_Weight_Regain_Reverses_Caloric_Restriction-Induced_Benefits_on_the_Insulin-IGF-1_Nutrient-Sensing_Pathway_Post_Hoc_Analysis_From_the_CALERIE-2_Randomized_Controlled_Trial", "confidence": "medium" }, { "area": "Cardiovascular Aging & Disease", "discovery": "Found that long-term (~7 year) practitioners of severe voluntary calorie restriction (Calorie Restriction Society members) show heart rate variability and cardiac function resembling people roughly 20 years younger, and separately that long-term CR (but not exercise alone) lowers mean 24-hour core body temperature in humans, replicating a metabolic adaptation previously seen only in long-lived CR rodents and monkeys.", "year": "2006-2012", "evidence_url": "https://cordis.europa.eu/article/id/34709-study-shows-calorie-restriction-keeps-heart-young", "confidence": "medium" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [], "notes": "No drug discovery output found. Fontana is a clinical/translational researcher focused on non-pharmacological dietary and lifestyle interventions (calorie restriction, protein restriction, fasting-mimicking approaches) rather than a drug developer or company founder. No company affiliation was found in his scraped agingbiotech.info profile (data/people/luigi-fontana.md) or in web search." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": null, "companies": [], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [], "notes": "No company affiliation found; not applicable. CALERIE trial funding is a large multi-institutional NIH-backed program but no specific dollar figure attributable to Fontana personally was verified in the time available." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5 (subagent, single-model placeholder)", "estimate_years": 0.4, "range_low": 0.05, "range_high": 1.5, "reasoning": "Fontana's work provides some of the strongest existing human (not just animal-model) evidence that moderate calorie/protein restriction produces measurable biomarker improvements (IGF-1, cardiac function, core temperature, biological age scores) associated with healthy aging in rodent/primate models; however, CALERIE itself was only a 2-year trial and did not measure actual lifespan extension in humans, so any lifespan-years estimate is an extrapolation from biomarker changes rather than a direct measurement." } ], "median_years": 0.4, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. Produced by a single model in a subagent context; the main session should run a true multi-model ensemble as a refinement step." }, "researcher_notes": "Solid academic and human-trial-evidence profile, among the more human-clinical-data-grounded researchers in this batch (CALERIE is a real, completed multi-site NIH-funded human RCT, unlike most other candidates' animal-model-only discoveries). No conflicting information found; no drug discovery or funding data exists because his career path is clinical/lifestyle-intervention research, not biotech entrepreneurship." }, { "slug": "lynne-cox", "name": "Lynne Cox", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ "unfilteredonline", "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": null, "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": null, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 36, "citations_total": 5296, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://openalex.org/A5090552787", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "high", "notes": "OpenAlex record A5090552787 ('Lynne S. Cox') lists University of Oxford, matching her known role as Professor of Geroscience, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford. Works count (114) and h-index (36) are consistent with a senior progeroid-syndrome/senescence researcher. Other same-named candidates (Cranfield University textile researcher, GSK industry figure) were excluded on field/institution mismatch." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Genomic Instability & DNA Damage", "discovery": "Identified a specific defect in DNA replication fork progression asymmetry in Werner syndrome (WS) cells, a segmental progeroid disorder caused by mutation of the WRN RecQ helicase/exonuclease gene, linking WRN's DNA-repair role directly to the replication-stress phenotype of accelerated aging.", "year": "2000s-2010s", "evidence_url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262621600_DNA_Instability_in_premature_aging", "confidence": "medium" }, { "area": "Proteinopathies (tau, amyloid, alpha-synuclein)", "discovery": "Developed Drosophila and C. elegans model organisms of Werner syndrome to connect molecular DNA-repair defects to whole-organism aging phenotypes, and demonstrated that pan-mTOR inhibitors and rapamycin can reverse cellular senescence phenotypes and help clear the toxic mutant lamin-A protein 'progerin' (the driver of Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome, HGPS) in patient cells, describing this rapamycin effect as 'genoprotective' via enhanced DNA-damage resilience.", "year": "2010s", "evidence_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5025328/", "confidence": "medium" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [], "notes": "No named clinical-stage drug candidate directly attributable to Cox was found. Early in her career, her postdoctoral work on the p53 tumor suppressor (under Sir David Lane) yielded patents on DNA replication/tumor suppression that reportedly contributed to the formation of the oncology biotech spin-out Cyclacel Pharmaceuticals; however, this is an indirect IP contribution decades removed from Cox's current geroscience research program, not a current drug-discovery role, and her direct personal involvement in Cyclacel's founding (vs. her supervisor/collaborators) was not independently confirmed." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": null, "companies": [], "major_grants_usd_m": 60, "source_urls": [], "notes": "No company affiliation/founder role found; not applicable. Cox is Program Director of Wellcome Leap's 'Dynamic Resilience' program, a global, multi-institution longevity/resilience research initiative reported to be a $60M program co-funded by Wellcome Leap and Singapore's Temasek Trust; this is a directed research program grant, not personal or company equity funding, and the $60M figure was not independently verified beyond a single web-search-derived source." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5 (subagent, single-model placeholder)", "estimate_years": 0.2, "range_low": 0, "range_high": 1.0, "reasoning": "Cox's mechanistic work on progeroid syndromes and rapamycin's 'genoprotective' effects contributes to the broader evidence base for mTOR-inhibitor geroprotection, but her research is primarily basic/mechanistic rather than a translated clinical intervention with human efficacy data; her policy and program-director roles (APPG for Longevity, Dynamic Resilience) have potentially larger systemic influence on future research funding and healthy-aging policy, but this is not quantifiable as a personal lifespan-years figure." } ], "median_years": 0.2, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. Produced by a single model in a subagent context; the main session should run a true multi-model ensemble as a refinement step." }, "researcher_notes": "Cox has a notable dual role as both an academic researcher (progeria/senescence mechanisms) and a science-policy leader (UK APPG for Longevity strategic advisor, Wellcome Leap Dynamic Resilience program director), which is distinctive among this batch of 16. No local data/people/lynne-cox.md file existed prior to this research (only data/people-sources/ raw scrapes), consistent with a gap noted for Linda Partridge as well. No conflicting information found, though her Cyclacel Pharmaceuticals connection is indirect/historical and should be treated as low-confidence supporting color rather than a core drug-discovery credit." }, { "slug": "malene-hansen", "name": "Malene Hansen", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 2.5, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 49, "citations_total": 30876, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://openalex.org/A5022362777", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "high", "notes": "OpenAlex record A5022362777 lists Buck Institute for Research on Aging as sole institution, exactly matching her known role (Professor and Chief Scientific Officer, Buck Institute). Works count (112) and h-index (49) are consistent with a senior, highly-cited C. elegans autophagy/aging researcher. Multiple other same-named candidates (Danish clinical researchers with names like 'Malene Plejdrup Hansen', 'Malene Kaerslund Hansen') were clearly different people at Danish clinical institutions and excluded." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Disabled Macroautophagy", "discovery": "As a postdoctoral fellow in Cynthia Kenyon's lab, published a landmark 2008 study (PLoS Genetics) showing that blocking autophagy genes (e.g. bec-1) fully prevents dietary restriction and TOR inhibition from extending C. elegans lifespan, establishing autophagy as necessary (though not sufficient alone; also requiring DAF-16/FOXO) for longevity from nutrient-sensing interventions.", "year": "2008", "evidence_url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.0040024", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Autophagy & Lysosomal Function", "discovery": "Discovered (2011) a cooperative dependency between autophagy and lipid metabolism in longevity: germline-less long-lived C. elegans require the lipase LIPL-4 to extend lifespan, and showed autophagy is required to sustain LIPL-4 lipase activity while the lipase is in turn required to induce autophagy, establishing a bidirectional link between cellular recycling and fat breakdown in aging.", "year": "2011", "evidence_url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/51879243_Autophagy_links_lipid_metabolism_to_longevity_in_C_elegans", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Autophagy & Lysosomal Function", "discovery": "Showed that stimulating autophagy specifically in the intestine of dietary-restricted C. elegans is the primary driver of their extended lifespan, preserving intestinal barrier integrity and physical activity as animals age (2016-2018).", "year": "2016-2018", "evidence_url": "https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/07/160714150904.htm", "confidence": "medium" }, { "area": "Neurodegenerative Drug Discovery", "discovery": "Discovered (2024, Nature Aging) that inhibiting early-acting autophagy genes (atg-7, lgg-1) specifically in C. elegans neurons paradoxically extends lifespan and improves proteostasis by triggering neurons to expel toxic protein aggregates via large extracellular 'exophers', with the protein ATG-16.2 (specifically its WD40 domain) identified as the molecular switch governing this alternative waste-disposal pathway, challenging the assumption that more autophagy is always beneficial.", "year": "2024", "evidence_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11022750/", "confidence": "medium" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [ { "name": "AA-20", "role": "co-inventor/key scientist (academic)", "stage": "preclinical", "company": null, "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40758884/" } ], "notes": "Hansen's lab co-authored (2025) the characterization of AA-20, a small-molecule autophagy enhancer shown to clear lipid droplets and reduce toxic protein aggregates (including polyglutamine aggregates linked to Huntington's disease) in human cells and C. elegans, and to extend C. elegans lifespan, notably without inhibiting mTORC1 (avoiding rapamycin-associated side effects). This appears to be an academic discovery (published paper) rather than a company-backed drug-development program; no company name or clinical stage beyond preclinical/academic could be confirmed." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": null, "companies": [], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [], "notes": "No company founder/executive role found; Hansen is Chief Scientific Officer of the Buck Institute (a nonprofit research institute, not a for-profit biotech company), so 'as_founder_or_exec_usd_m' does not clearly apply. Reported to be the first-ever recipient of four separate AFAR (American Federation for Aging Research) grants, per AFAR's own interview page, but no specific dollar total for these grants was found/verified." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5 (subagent, single-model placeholder)", "estimate_years": 0.3, "range_low": 0.05, "range_high": 1.0, "reasoning": "Hansen's discoveries are foundational mechanistic science (autophagy-longevity links in C. elegans) with no human clinical translation yet; the AA-20 compound is at an early academic/preclinical discovery stage. Her work strongly informs the rationale for autophagy-targeting drugs generally (a validated mechanism class, given rapamycin's approved status for other indications), but her personal direct contribution to a marketed or late-stage clinical therapy is not yet established." } ], "median_years": 0.3, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. Produced by a single model in a subagent context; the main session should run a true multi-model ensemble as a refinement step." }, "researcher_notes": "Strong, well-documented mechanistic discovery record spanning multiple distinct papers over ~16 years (2008-2024), a good sign of sustained genuine contribution rather than a single hit. No conflicting information found. As CSO of a nonprofit research institute rather than a biotech founder, the funding_raised field is thin by nature of her career track, not a research gap." }, { "slug": "marco-demaria", "name": "Marco Demaria", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 1.5, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 59, "citations_total": 29350, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://openalex.org/A5080240316", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "high", "notes": "OpenAlex record A5080240316 lists University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, exactly matching his known role as Full Professor of Cellular Ageing and Senescence at UMCG/University of Groningen, and director of the MoHAD institute. Works count (179) and h-index (59) are consistent with a senior, highly-cited senescence researcher. A second, much smaller record with the same name and same institutions (5 works, h-index 1) is likely a split/duplicate profile and was not used." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Senescence & Fibrosis", "discovery": "As a postdoctoral researcher in Judith Campisi's lab, published a widely-cited 2014 Developmental Cell paper showing senescent cells are required for optimal wound healing and tissue repair via transient secretion of PDGF-AA, establishing the context-dependent 'beneficial vs. harmful' duality of senescence that now underpins senotherapeutic drug design (favoring pulsed/transient clearance over permanent elimination).", "year": "2014", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26845683/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Senescence in Cancer (paradox biology)", "discovery": "Published (2017, Cancer Discovery) findings that chemotherapy-induced senescent cells drive cancer recurrence, metastasis, and treatment-related fatigue, and that clearing these cells with the senolytic ABT-263 after chemotherapy improved healthspan and survival in mouse models, providing a mechanistic rationale for combining senolytics with standard-of-care cancer treatment.", "year": "2017", "evidence_url": "https://umcgresearch.org/w/m-demaria", "confidence": "medium" }, { "area": "Senescence Biomarkers", "discovery": "Developed 'SenFlag', a conserved core gene-expression signature for detecting and tracking senescent cells consistently across mouse and human tissues, published in The EMBO Journal, addressing the field-wide problem that senescent cells are highly heterogeneous with no single universal marker.", "year": "2026", "evidence_url": "https://longevity.technology/news/senescence-consortium-targets-biomarker-gap/", "confidence": "medium" }, { "area": "Senomorphics", "discovery": "Identified a CDK4/6-RAR\u03b1-NF-\u03baB signaling axis controlling the pro-inflammatory arm of the SASP, and showed that short-term treatment with the approved breast-cancer drug abemaciclib (a CDK4/6 inhibitor) acts as a senomorphic, blunting systemic inflammation and improving physical function during natural aging in mice while also mitigating chemotherapy side effects, published in Nature Aging.", "year": "2026", "evidence_url": "https://umcgresearch.org/w/new-study-in-nature-aging-the-demaria-group-identifies-a-novel-axis-regulating-senescence-associated-inflammation-during-aging", "confidence": "medium" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [ { "name": "FOXO4-based senolytic peptide (unnamed clinical candidate)", "role": "co-founder", "stage": "preclinical", "company": "Cleara Biotech", "source_url": "https://eriba.umcg.nl/people/marco-demaria/" } ], "notes": "Demaria co-founded Cleara Biotech in 2018 alongside Peter de Keizer (University Medical Center Utrecht) and Tobias Madl (Medical University of Graz), with founding investment from Apollo Health Ventures. The company's original approach was senolytics based on disrupting FOXO4-p53 interaction (peptide-based), initially aimed at healthspan/rejuvenation and later pivoted toward mutant-p53 cancers and liver disease. Per data/companies/cleara-biotech.md (agingbiotech.info scrape), Cleara's 'Key team' field names only Peter de Keizer, not Demaria; this appears to be an incompleteness in that source rather than an error, since multiple independent sources (UMCG/ERIBA staff page, web search) confirm Demaria as a co-founder. Clinical stage remains preclinical per the local company file; no named clinical candidate identifier was found beyond the general FOXO4/peptide description." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": 2.5, "companies": [ "Cleara Biotech" ], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [], "notes": "Figure taken directly from data/companies/cleara-biotech.md (agingbiotech.info scrape, 2026-09-28): Cleara Biotech total raised is listed as $2.5M, founded 2018, 13 employees (LinkedIn), Netherlands-based, now described as 'pivoted to cancer'. This is a company-level total; Demaria's personal equity stake or role beyond co-founder was not specified in any source found." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5 (subagent, single-model placeholder)", "estimate_years": 0.4, "range_low": 0.05, "range_high": 1.5, "reasoning": "Demaria's mechanistic work (senescence's dual beneficial/harmful role, chemo-induced senescence and cancer recurrence, SASP inflammation axis, SenFlag biomarker standardization) is influential field-building science that improves the rigor and translatability of senotherapeutics broadly, but his own company (Cleara) is small ($2.5M raised, preclinical, pivoted focus) and has not produced an approved or late-stage clinical therapy. Near-term direct lifespan impact attributable to him personally is low; broader field-level influence (standardized biomarkers, safer combination/pulsed-dosing rationale) is harder to quantify but potentially larger over a longer horizon." } ], "median_years": 0.4, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. Produced by a single model in a subagent context; the main session should run a true multi-model ensemble as a refinement step." }, "researcher_notes": "Flag for main session: the local data/companies/cleara-biotech.md 'Key team' field lists only Peter de Keizer, but independent sources (UMCG/ERIBA staff page, and general web search) confirm Marco Demaria as a co-founder of Cleara Biotech alongside de Keizer and Tobias Madl. This is not necessarily an error in the agingbiotech.info source (it may simply reflect whichever founder is most publicly associated with day-to-day operations), but the company file's key-team list should probably be expanded to include Demaria if the portal wants complete founder attribution. No other conflicting information found." }, { "slug": "maria-blasco", "name": "Maria Blasco", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ "unfilteredonline", "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": null, "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": null, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 118, "citations_total": 72097, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://openalex.org/A5085977927", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "high", "notes": "OpenAlex record A5085977927 (Maria A. Blasco) matches Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO) affiliation and telomere/cancer research topics; 508 works." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Telomere Attrition", "discovery": "First demonstration that AAV9-mediated telomerase (TERT) gene therapy extends median lifespan of adult (24%) and elderly (13%) wild-type mice without increasing cancer incidence.", "year": "2012", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22585399/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Telomere Attrition", "discovery": "Generated mice with hyper-long telomeres from ES cells without genetic modification; animals lived ~13% longer, were leaner and cancer-free, showing telomere length itself is a determinant of species longevity.", "year": "2019", "evidence_url": "https://www.cnio.es/en/news/publications/cnio-obtains-first-mice-born-with-hyper-long-telomeres/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Genomic Instability & DNA Damage", "discovery": "Established that TERT gene therapy can treat telomere-driven diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and dyskeratosis congenita in mouse models, providing the preclinical basis for Telomere Therapeutics.", "year": "2018", "evidence_url": "https://www.cnio.es/en/news/new-findings-explain-how-a-mutation-in-a-cancer-related-gen-causes-pulmonary-fibrosis/", "confidence": "high" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [ { "name": "AAV-TERT gene therapy (idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis program)", "role": "co-founder", "stage": "preclinical", "company": "Telomere Therapeutics", "source_url": "https://telomere-tx.com/" } ], "notes": "Co-founded Telomere Therapeutics (2020, CNIO/UAB spin-off with Fatima Bosch) developing AAV-delivered TERT gene therapy for IPF and other telomere syndromes. Also co-founded Life Length (2010), a telomere-length diagnostics company (diagnostics, not therapeutics)." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": null, "companies": [ "Telomere Therapeutics", "Life Length" ], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [ "https://telomere-tx.com/", "https://lifelength.com/about-us/" ], "notes": "Precise verified funding totals for Telomere Therapeutics and Life Length not found in this pass; Spanish press (Nov 2025) reports Telomere Therapeutics raising a new round for its gene therapy but the amount was not confirmed." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "kimi-k3 (single-model placeholder)", "estimate_years": 1.5, "range_low": 0.5, "range_high": 4.0, "reasoning": "TERT gene therapy produced the largest single-intervention lifespan gains in adult mammals published, but translation to humans faces AAV delivery, dose-control, and indication-by-indication approval hurdles; IPF success would impact one lethal age-related disease rather than systemic aging." } ], "median_years": 1.5, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. Single-model placeholder pending multi-model ensemble." }, "researcher_notes": "Former CNIO Director (2011 to early 2025). Strong, well-verified profile; two companies with direct ties to her discoveries. No conflicts found across sources." }, { "slug": "maria-konovalenko", "name": "Maria Konovalenko", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 2.0, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 2, "citations_total": 91, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://openalex.org/A5036299259", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "low", "notes": "Single OpenAlex record with 4 works, consistent with her profile as a longevity science advocate with a few co-authored review/position papers rather than a research career. Low but plausibly correct attribution." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Longevity Advocacy & Science Communication", "discovery": "Co-authored early review and position papers arguing for aging to be treated as a modifiable biomedical target (e.g., in Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences), contributing to the field-framing literature rather than to experimental discovery.", "year": "2013", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=search&term=Maria+Konovalenko+aging", "confidence": "low" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [], "notes": "No drug discovery output found. She is an activist and science communicator (Science for Life Extension Foundation), not a bench scientist or biotech founder." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": null, "companies": [], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [], "notes": "No verified company or funding data found. Known for nonprofit longevity advocacy in Russia, including crowdfunding-style research fundraising campaigns, but no verifiable dollar totals." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "kimi-k3 (single-model placeholder)", "estimate_years": 0.1, "range_low": 0.0, "range_high": 0.5, "reasoning": "Impact is indirect, through advocacy and community-building for aging research funding; no direct scientific or translational contribution that can be tied to lifespan extension." } ], "median_years": 0.1, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. Single-model placeholder pending multi-model ensemble." }, "researcher_notes": "Tier-1 inclusion appears driven by directory/list presence (senescence.info who's who, X/Twitter lists) rather than scientific output. Profile is advocacy-oriented; treat 'genuine discoveries' as essentially none in the experimental sense." }, { "slug": "martin-borch-jensen", "name": "Martin Borch Jensen", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "unfilteredonline" ], "company_affiliation": "Gordian", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 1.5, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 16, "citations_total": 2048, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://openalex.org/A5029992056", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "high", "notes": "OpenAlex record A5029992056 (76 works) matches his biotech career profile (listed under VIR Biotechnology, a past employer); academic output is modest relative to senior academics because his career has been primarily in industry." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Robotics/Automation in Longevity R&D", "discovery": "Co-developed Gordian Biotechnology's in vivo mosaic screening platform: pooled perturb-seq style genetic perturbations delivered into living animal organs ('patient avatars') with single-cell transcriptomic readout, enabling hundreds of therapeutic targets to be tested causally in native aged/diseased tissue across species.", "year": "2026", "evidence_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.26.708253v3", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Longevity Biotech Entrepreneurship", "discovery": "Designed and launched Impetus Grants (via nonprofit Norn Group), a rapid-deployment grant mechanism for aging biology inspired by Fast Grants, deploying $26M+ into roughly 100 high-risk longevity projects that traditional funders would not support.", "year": "2021", "evidence_url": "https://norn.group/impetus-grants/origins", "confidence": "high" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [ { "name": "In vivo mosaic screening therapeutic programs (osteoarthritis, obesity, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis)", "role": "co-founder", "stage": "preclinical", "company": "Gordian Biotechnology", "source_url": "https://www.gordian.bio/media/screening-platform/" } ], "notes": "Gordian is a platform/target-discovery company; no named clinical candidate disclosed yet. Programs validated in equine joints (OA) and visceral adipose (obesity)." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": 60, "companies": [ "Gordian Biotechnology" ], "major_grants_usd_m": 26, "source_urls": [ "data/companies/gordian-biotechnology.md", "https://norn.group/impetus-grants/origins" ], "notes": "Gordian total raised $60M per agingbiotech.info scrape. Separately, Impetus Grants (philanthropic, Norn Group) launched with $26M+ from donors incl. Juan Benet, Vitalik Buterin, Jed McCaleb, Fred Ehrsam; not company equity funding." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "kimi-k3 (single-model placeholder)", "estimate_years": 1.0, "range_low": 0.25, "range_high": 3.0, "reasoning": "The mosaic in vivo screening platform could materially raise the success rate of longevity target discovery, and Impetus Grants catalyzed ~100 projects; impact is real but indirect, realized through other teams' eventual therapeutics." } ], "median_years": 1.0, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. Single-model placeholder pending multi-model ensemble." }, "researcher_notes": "Dual profile: biotech founder (Gordian) and field-infrastructure builder (Impetus Grants/Norn Group). Consistent info across agingbiotech.info, unfilteredonline, biorxiv preprint, and Norn Group site." }, { "slug": "masashi-narita", "name": "Masashi Narita", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 1.5, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 61, "citations_total": 36558, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://openalex.org/A5086264006", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "high", "notes": "OpenAlex record A5086264006 matches University of Cambridge affiliation and senescence/cancer topics; 264 works. Distinct from same-named Japanese clinicians." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Senescent Cell Biology & SASP", "discovery": "Discovered the TASCC (TOR-autophagy spatial coupling compartment), a Golgi-side compartment where mTOR and autolysosomes co-localize in senescent cells to fuel mass synthesis of SASP factors such as IL-6 and IL-8.", "year": "2011", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21512002/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Senescent Cell Biology & SASP", "discovery": "Showed NOTCH1 acts as a temporal switch between two senescence secretomes: an early TGF-beta-rich immunosuppressive secretome and a later pro-inflammatory IL-1/IL-6/IL-8-rich SASP.", "year": "2016", "evidence_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5345188/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Senescence in Cancer (paradox biology)", "discovery": "Established that SASP factors transmit senescence to neighboring healthy cells (paracrine senescence), framing senescence as a tissue-remodeling program with both tumor-suppressive and pro-inflammatory consequences.", "year": "2013", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23907191/", "confidence": "high" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [], "notes": "No direct drug discovery output found. His mechanistic SASP work (TASCC, NOTCH1 switch) informs senomorphic/senolytic target logic at CRUK Cambridge, but no named candidate or company affiliation was identified." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": null, "companies": [], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [ "https://www.cruk.cam.ac.uk/research-groups/narita-group" ], "notes": "Academic group leader at Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute; funded through CRUK core and grant mechanisms, not personal fundraising. No company affiliation." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "kimi-k3 (single-model placeholder)", "estimate_years": 0.5, "range_low": 0.1, "range_high": 1.5, "reasoning": "Core mechanistic contributions to SASP biology underpin senomorphic drug strategies, but the path from mechanism to approved therapy is long and his role is foundational rather than translational." } ], "median_years": 0.5, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. Single-model placeholder pending multi-model ensemble." }, "researcher_notes": "Clean, high-confidence academic profile. Note: SASP as a concept originates from the Campisi lab; Narita's contributions are the spatial/temporal regulation mechanisms, credited accordingly above." }, { "slug": "mehmood-khan", "name": "Mehmood Khan", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "unfilteredonline" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 0.0, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": null, "citations_total": null, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://api.openalex.org/authors?search=Mehmood%20Khan", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "low", "notes": "No confident OpenAlex match. The search returns many same-named academics (e.g., Tahir Mehmood Khan, Ahsan Mehmood Khan) none of whose affiliations/topics match his known career (Mayo Clinic endocrinology, University of Minnesota, then industry). He is a physician-executive, not a career academic publisher; his Mayo-era clinical research output could not be reliably attributed. Treat academic output as not found rather than guessing." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Longevity Economics & Policy", "discovery": "As founding CEO of the Hevolution Foundation, built the world's largest philanthropic healthspan-science funder (up to $1B/yr Saudi-backed budget, $400M+ committed, 230+ grants across 200+ labs), and co-titled the $101M XPRIZE Healthspan; credited with shifting field vocabulary from 'longevity' to 'healthspan'.", "year": "2022", "evidence_url": "https://www.forbes.com/sites/josipamajic/2024/09/12/the-trillion-dollar-quest-for-healthier-aging-how-hevolution-foundation-is-reshaping-longevity-research/", "confidence": "high" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [ { "name": "ER-100 (AAV-delivered OSK partial epigenetic reprogramming, glaucoma/NAION)", "role": "key scientist", "stage": "phase1", "company": "Life Biosciences", "source_url": "https://endpoints.news/david-sinclair-startup-life-biosciences-raises-80m-for-clinical-test-of-anti-aging-gene-therapy/" } ], "notes": "As CEO (2019) and later Executive Chairman of Life Biosciences (to 2024), he led the company during development of ER-100, which received FDA clearance for a Phase 1 trial in Jan 2026, the first human trial of a partial-reprogramming cellular rejuvenation therapy. Role is executive leadership, not bench invention." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": 240, "companies": [ "Life Biosciences" ], "major_grants_usd_m": 400, "source_urls": [ "https://www.lifebiosciences.com/life-biosciences-secures-80-million-series-d-financing/", "https://www.hevolution.com/en/web/guest/w/betting-big-on-the-future-of-aging" ], "notes": "Life Biosciences raised ~$240M cumulative (through the April 2026 $80M Series D) during/after his CEO-chair tenure; he was an exec, not founder. Hevolution is a philanthropic deployer ($400M+ committed under his CEO leadership from a Saudi-funded endowment of up to $1B/yr), not capital he raised in the venture sense. Prior career: President of Takeda Global R&D Center, PepsiCo Vice Chairman/Chief Scientific Officer, Mayo Clinic endocrinology faculty." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "kimi-k3 (single-model placeholder)", "estimate_years": 2.0, "range_low": 0.5, "range_high": 5.0, "reasoning": "Controls the largest single pool of aging-research capital on earth; even modest allocation efficiency across 230+ grants and XPRIZE incentives plausibly accelerates multiple therapeutic programs. Impact is via capital deployment, so the distribution is wide and depends on portfolio outcomes." } ], "median_years": 2.0, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. Single-model placeholder pending multi-model ensemble." }, "researcher_notes": "Profile is executive/philanthropic, not scientific. Correction to a common mis-statement: he was President of Takeda's Global R&D Center, never Takeda's corporate CEO. Granted Saudi citizenship by royal decree in Aug 2024. Also chairs Life Biosciences per unfilteredonline." }, { "slug": "michael-lustgarten", "name": "Michael Lustgarten", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 1.0, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 26, "citations_total": 3902, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://openalex.org/A5060180450", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "high", "notes": "OpenAlex record A5060180450 (Michael S. Lustgarten) matches Tufts University / USDA affiliation from senescence.info who's who; 51 works." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Gut Microbiome & Aging", "discovery": "Characterized relationships between the gut microbiome, serum metabolome, and skeletal muscle mass/physical function in older adults, identifying microbial and metabolite signatures associated with sarcopenia risk.", "year": "2014", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=search&term=Michael+Lustgarten+aging", "confidence": "medium" }, { "area": "Digital Biomarkers & Wearables for Aging", "discovery": "Pioneered public longitudinal self-tracking of blood biomarkers against reference-range-optimized 'youthful' targets, documented in the Conquer Aging or Die Trying! channel and michaellustgarten.com, an early template for n-of-1 biological-age management.", "year": "2015", "evidence_url": "https://michaellustgarten.com/", "confidence": "medium" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [], "notes": "No drug discovery output found. Academic plus self-experimentation communicator; no company, candidate, or patent identified." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": null, "companies": [], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [], "notes": "No verified funding data found. Career is academic (Tufts, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging)." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "kimi-k3 (single-model placeholder)", "estimate_years": 0.1, "range_low": 0.0, "range_high": 0.5, "reasoning": "Solid mid-level academic output on microbiome/muscle aging plus an influential n-of-1 biomarker-tracking approach, but no therapeutic program or field-shifting discovery to scale population lifespan." } ], "median_years": 0.1, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. Single-model placeholder pending multi-model ensemble." }, "researcher_notes": "Honest thin profile: verifiable academic record is real but modest in scale; public visibility exceeds citation impact. Discovery entries are area-level contributions rather than singular named breakthroughs." }, { "slug": "michael-ristow", "name": "Michael Ristow", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 2.0, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 66, "citations_total": 26957, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://openalex.org/A5047183170", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "medium", "notes": "OpenAlex record A5047183170 (252 works) is the clear match by name, topics (metabolism, mitochondria, C. elegans), and career stage, but the listed affiliations (Joslin, Beth Israel) reflect career history/merges rather than his current ETH Zurich chair, so the record may absorb some co-author contamination. Numbers are in the expected range for him." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Mitochondrial Dysfunction", "discovery": "Discovered and named 'mitohormesis': in C. elegans, glucose restriction extends lifespan by transiently increasing mitochondrial respiration and ROS, which induce endogenous antioxidant defenses; antioxidants (vitamins C/E) abolished the lifespan benefit, overturning the simple free-radical theory of aging.", "year": "2007", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17908557/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Exercise Physiology & Longevity", "discovery": "Demonstrated the human 'antioxidant paradox': high-dose vitamin C/E supplementation in exercising men blocked exercise-induced improvements in insulin sensitivity and endogenous antioxidant enzyme induction (PPARg, PGC-1a/b, SOD, GPx), proving health benefits of exercise depend on transient ROS signaling.", "year": "2009", "evidence_url": "https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.0903485106", "confidence": "high" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [], "notes": "No direct drug discovery output found. His mitohormesis work reframed metformin, glucosamine, and fasting/exercise as mild mitochondrial stressors, influencing repurposing rationale, but he has no named candidate or company affiliation identified." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": null, "companies": [], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [ "https://energymetab.ethz.ch/" ], "notes": "Academic chair (Energy Metabolism Laboratory, ETH Zurich); funded via standard academic grants. No company or venture funding identified." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "kimi-k3 (single-model placeholder)", "estimate_years": 0.3, "range_low": 0.1, "range_high": 1.0, "reasoning": "Mitohormesis is a durable conceptual contribution that changed how the field interprets exercise, fasting, and antioxidant trials, but it redirected rather than created therapeutic programs; impact is diffuse and mostly preventive-behavioral." } ], "median_years": 0.3, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. Single-model placeholder pending multi-model ensemble." }, "researcher_notes": "Two well-sourced signature discoveries. OpenAlex disambiguation caveat noted; consider verifying against his ETH publication list if precision matters." }, { "slug": "morgan-levine", "name": "Morgan Levine", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "unfilteredonline" ], "company_affiliation": "Altos Labs", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 1.5, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 57, "citations_total": 20873, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://openalex.org/A5051398269", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "high", "notes": "OpenAlex record A5051398269 (Morgan E. Levine, 198 works) matches her publication record (UCLA postdoc with Horvath, Yale lab, now Altos). Last-known-institution field shows USC, which does not match her known path, but topics and works are unambiguous." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Epigenetic Clocks & Biological Age Prediction", "discovery": "Led development of DNAmPhenoAge ('PhenoAge'), the landmark second-generation epigenetic clock trained on a 9-biomarker phenotypic-age score rather than chronological age; it substantially outperformed first-generation clocks in predicting mortality, healthspan, physical function, cancer, and Alzheimer's risk.", "year": "2018", "evidence_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5940111/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Aging Biomarker Development (general)", "discovery": "Established the two-stage 'phenotypic age then molecular signature' training paradigm (first in blood chemistry, then in methylation and later proteomics) that became the standard template for second/third-generation biological-age measures used as clinical-trial surrogate endpoints.", "year": "2018", "evidence_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5940111/", "confidence": "high" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [ { "name": "Altos Labs partial epigenetic reprogramming programs (OSKM-based cell rejuvenation; no public candidate names)", "role": "key scientist", "stage": "preclinical", "company": "Altos Labs", "source_url": "https://altoslabs.com/" } ], "notes": "As Founding Principal Investigator and VP of Computation at Altos Labs, her biological-age clocks are core readouts for Altos's reprogramming pipeline. No individually named drug candidate is publicly attributable to her." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": null, "companies": [ "Altos Labs" ], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [ "data/companies/altos-labs.md" ], "notes": "Altos Labs has raised $3B+ (agingbiotech.info lists $5,560M total), but Levine is a founding PI/executive, not a company founder, so no founder-attributable raise is claimed. Figure recorded in company file." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "kimi-k3 (single-model placeholder)", "estimate_years": 1.0, "range_low": 0.25, "range_high": 3.0, "reasoning": "Validated biological-age surrogate endpoints could compress longevity trial timelines by years, multiplying the throughput of every reprogramming/senolytic program that adopts them; her own contribution is the measurement layer rather than a therapy itself." } ], "median_years": 1.0, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. Single-model placeholder pending multi-model ensemble." }, "researcher_notes": "Strong, consistent profile across agingbiotech.info, unfilteredonline, and publication record. Author of 'True Age' (2022)." }, { "slug": "nathaniel-david", "name": "Nathaniel David", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "unfilteredonline" ], "company_affiliation": "Unity", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 1.0, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 16, "citations_total": 3275, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://openalex.org/A5108213197", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "high", "notes": "OpenAlex record A5108213197 (Nathaniel E. David) explicitly lists Unity Biotechnology affiliation; 17 works. His output is company-focused (patents, pipeline papers) rather than academic." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Senolytics (drug discovery)", "discovery": "Co-founded Unity Biotechnology (2011, with van Deursen, Campisi, Zhou) and led development of UBX0101, the first intentionally designed senolytic (MDM2/p53 interaction inhibitor) to enter human clinical trials; the 2017 Nature Medicine paper showed senescent-cell clearance reduced pain and regenerated cartilage in mouse osteoarthritis models.", "year": "2017", "evidence_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5785239/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Senolytics (drug discovery)", "discovery": "Oversaw the first human senolytic program through Phase 1 (2018, intra-articular UBX0101, well-tolerated with early pain-reduction signals) and the definitive Phase 2 readout (2020), which failed its primary endpoint, a field-defining negative result that reshaped senolytic translation strategy toward Bcl-xL targets and eye indications.", "year": "2020", "evidence_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unity_Biotechnology", "confidence": "high" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [ { "name": "UBX0101 (MDM2/p53 inhibitor, senolytic, osteoarthritis)", "role": "founder", "stage": "phase2", "company": "Unity Biotechnology", "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unity_Biotechnology" }, { "name": "UBX1325 (Bcl-xL inhibitor, senolytic, diabetic macular edema/wet AMD)", "role": "founder", "stage": "phase2", "company": "Unity Biotechnology", "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unity_Biotechnology" } ], "notes": "Both candidates failed their Phase 2 efficacy endpoints (UBX0101 in 2020; UBX1325 ASPIRE in March 2025). Unity laid off all staff in May 2025 and formally dissolved on 26 Sep 2025. David stepped down as president after the 2020 readout, remaining on the board; he is now co-founder of Jupiter Bioventures." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": 291, "companies": [ "Unity Biotechnology" ], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [ "data/companies/unity-biotechnology.md", "https://www.forbes.com/sites/matthewherper/2018/06/05/how-a-biotech-entrepreneur-aims-to-make-aging-less-awful/" ], "notes": "Unity total raised $291M per agingbiotech.info scrape (private rounds; public-market proceeds via 2018 IPO additional). Jupiter Bioventures (current venture) fund size not verified in this pass." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "kimi-k3 (single-model placeholder)", "estimate_years": 0.5, "range_low": 0.0, "range_high": 2.0, "reasoning": "Pioneered clinical senolytics and produced the field's most instructive negative results; direct therapeutic yield so far is zero approved products, but the trials de-risked mechanism questions that successors (Bcl-xL, immunological clearance) are now built on." } ], "median_years": 0.5, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. Single-model placeholder pending multi-model ensemble." }, "researcher_notes": "Full arc documented and verifiable, including the failure mode. Unity's dissolution (Sep 2025) is confirmed by SEC filings; data/companies/unity-biotechnology.md matches." }, { "slug": "nektarios-tavernarakis", "name": "Nektarios Tavernarakis", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 1.5, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 66, "citations_total": 25879, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://openalex.org/A5071420074", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "high", "notes": "OpenAlex record A5071420074 (324 works) matches University of Crete / IMBB-FORTH affiliation and C. elegans/autophagy topics. A second same-name record (A5003976262, 'Twitter') is an erroneous fragment and was excluded." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Disabled Macroautophagy", "discovery": "Identified DCT-1 (worm ortholog of mammalian NIX/BNIP3) as the mitophagy receptor acting with PINK-1 and Parkin to clear damaged mitochondria, and showed the coordinated balance of mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis is a key determinant of healthspan and lifespan in C. elegans.", "year": "2015", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25065889/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Autophagy & Lysosomal Function", "discovery": "Demonstrated that necrosis is a genetically programmed, non-random cell-death process: lysosomal aspartyl proteases (ASP-3/ASP-4), calpain CLP-1, and ER calcium release are required executors of necrotic neurodegeneration in C. elegans.", "year": "2002", "evidence_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1084192/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Autophagy & Lysosomal Function", "discovery": "Showed autophagy has a paradoxical dual role: basal autophagy is protective, but hyper-activated autophagy is required to execute necrotic cell death, and its genetic or pharmacological inhibition protects neurons from degeneration.", "year": "2008", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17901876/", "confidence": "high" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [], "notes": "No direct drug discovery output found. His mitophagy work provides mechanistic rationale for NAD+-boosting and mitophagy-inducing interventions (e.g., urolithin A, spermidine programs at other labs), but he holds no named candidate or company affiliation identified in this pass." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": null, "companies": [], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [ "https://imbb.forth.gr/en/research/Nektarios-Tavernarakis.64/" ], "notes": "Academic (Chairman of FORTH, Professor at University of Crete). Funded via ERC and Greek/EU grants; ERC Advanced Grant-level support documented via CORDIS but exact totals not extracted." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "kimi-k3 (single-model placeholder)", "estimate_years": 0.3, "range_low": 0.1, "range_high": 1.0, "reasoning": "Foundational mitophagy and necrosis mechanisms underpin several neurodegeneration and longevity programs, but his role is mechanism discovery in model organisms, several steps removed from human therapy." } ], "median_years": 0.3, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. Single-model placeholder pending multi-model ensemble." }, "researcher_notes": "Clean profile; three solid discoveries with primary-source URLs. ERC Advanced Grant recipient; member of Academia Europaea." }, { "slug": "pankaj-kapahi", "name": "Pankaj Kapahi", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 1.5, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 60, "citations_total": 17148, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://openalex.org/A5086548741", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "high", "notes": "OpenAlex record A5086548741 (273 works) includes Buck Institute for Research on Aging in its affiliation history and matches his topics (genetics of aging, dietary restriction, Drosophila)." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Deregulated Nutrient Sensing (mTOR/AMPK/IGF-1)", "discovery": "Showed that genetically downregulating the TOR pathway (dTOR, dS6K) extends Drosophila lifespan and, critically, that TOR inhibition does not further extend lifespan under dietary restriction, establishing TOR as the molecular mediator of DR's anti-aging effect and the rationale for rapamycin as a DR mimetic.", "year": "2004", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15186745/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Neurodegenerative Drug Discovery", "discovery": "Identified OXR1 (oxidation resistance 1) as essential for the brain-protective and lifespan benefits of dietary restriction: DR induces OXR1, which maintains retromer-mediated protein recycling in neurons; loss of OXR1 abolishes DR's protection in neurodegeneration models.", "year": "2024", "evidence_url": "https://www.buckinstitute.org/news/buck-scientists-identify-how-dietary-restriction-slows-brain-aging-increases-lifespan/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Metabolic Reprogramming in Aging", "discovery": "Found that dietary restriction boosts neuronal glycogen phosphorylase (GlyP), clearing toxic glycogen and rerouting glucose into the antioxidant-generating pentose phosphate pathway, protecting against tauopathy models.", "year": "2025", "evidence_url": "https://www.buckinstitute.org/news/neurons-burn-sugar-differently-the-discovery-could-save-the-brain/", "confidence": "high" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [ { "name": "Glylo (methylglyoxal-lowering combination compound; reduces glycation, appetite, and weight)", "role": "co-inventor", "stage": "preclinical", "company": "Buck Institute spin-out (licensed)", "source_url": "https://www.buckinstitute.org/lab/kapahi-lab/" } ], "notes": "Glylo targets methylglyoxal (a glycolysis byproduct driving advanced glycation end-products) as a caloric-restriction mimetic; developed from his lab's work and licensed for commercialization. No clinical-stage candidate identified." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": null, "companies": [], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [ "https://www.buckinstitute.org/lab/kapahi-lab/" ], "notes": "Academic PI at the Buck Institute; funded via NIH/NIA grants (specific totals not extracted). Glylo commercialization path (license vs company) not fully verified." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "kimi-k3 (single-model placeholder)", "estimate_years": 0.4, "range_low": 0.1, "range_high": 1.5, "reasoning": "The TOR/DR mechanism is one of the most-cited conceptual foundations of geroscience, and OXR1/GlyP offer concrete neuroprotection targets; his translational vehicle (Glylo) remains preclinical, capping near-term realized impact." } ], "median_years": 0.4, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. Single-model placeholder pending multi-model ensemble." }, "researcher_notes": "Strong, well-sourced profile. Note the 2004 TOR/DR paper was with independent parallel work from other labs; attribution here follows the standard citation record (Kapahi et al., Current Biology 2004)." }, { "slug": "pat-monaghan", "name": "Pat Monaghan", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 1.5, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 81, "citations_total": 27245, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://openalex.org/A5065413858", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "medium", "notes": "OpenAlex record A5065413858 (374 works) matches her topics exactly (avian ecology, telomeres/telomerase and senescence, genetics of aging) and includes University of Glasgow in affiliations, but the record's long affiliation list suggests some same-name merge contamination; h-index/citation figures should be treated as approximate." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Telomere Attrition", "discovery": "First longitudinal demonstration that early-life telomere length predicts individual lifespan: zebra finches with longer telomeres at 25 days of age lived significantly longer (tracked to natural death up to 9 years), establishing early-life telomere state as a longevity biomarker.", "year": "2012", "evidence_url": "https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1113306109", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Blue Zones & Population Longevity Studies", "discovery": "Established that telomere dynamics measured in the wild predict remaining life expectancy better than chronological age, and that early-life stress (corticosterone exposure, sibling competition, compensatory growth) accelerates telomere attrition, linking developmental conditions to later aging trajectories.", "year": "2009", "evidence_url": "https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/506750/1/N506750JA.pdf", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Comparative Genomics of Long-Lived Species", "discovery": "Formalized oxidative stress as a mediator of life-history trade-offs (growth vs somatic maintenance), showing guanine-rich telomeres are primary ROS targets, a mechanistic bridge between ecology and the hallmarks of aging ('Oxidative stress as a mediator of life history trade-offs', 2009).", "year": "2009", "evidence_url": "https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=5Rst2HMAAAAJ&hl=en", "confidence": "medium" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [], "notes": "No drug discovery output found. Purely ecological/evolutionary geroscience; relevance to human longevity is mechanistic and biomarker-oriented." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": null, "companies": [], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [ "https://www.gla.ac.uk/schools/bohvm/staff/patmonaghan/" ], "notes": "Regius Professor of Zoology, University of Glasgow; funded via UKRI/NERC academic grants. No company or venture involvement." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "kimi-k3 (single-model placeholder)", "estimate_years": 0.1, "range_low": 0.0, "range_high": 0.5, "reasoning": "Her early-life/telomere paradigm shaped how the field thinks about developmental origins of aging and telomere biomarkers, but the work is non-translational by design; any human-lifespan impact arrives indirectly through biomarker science." } ], "median_years": 0.1, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. Single-model placeholder pending multi-model ensemble." }, "researcher_notes": "OpenAlex merge caveat is the main flag. Discoveries 1 and 2 are strongly sourced (PNAS primary paper); discovery 3 is a conceptual synthesis paper, marked medium accordingly." }, { "slug": "peter-adams", "name": "Peter Adams", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 2.5, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 78, "citations_total": 36150, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://openalex.org/A5002832519", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "medium", "notes": "OpenAlex record A5002832519 (Peter D. Adams, 512 works) matches on topics (epigenetics, senescence, chromatin) and includes Sanford Burnham Prebys in affiliations, but the record shows signs of multi-person merge (e.g., 'Lincoln's Inn', 'BT Research' in affiliation history), so exact h-index/citations should be treated as approximate." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Senescent Cell Biology & SASP", "discovery": "Co-discovered that cytoplasmic chromatin fragments (CCFs) extruded from senescent nuclei activate the cGAS-STING pathway to drive the inflammatory SASP, establishing innate immune sensing of self-DNA as a core senescence mechanism (Cell, 2017; 1,357 citations per OpenAlex).", "year": "2017", "evidence_url": "https://openalex.org/W2762611634", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Chromatin Remodeling & Aging", "discovery": "Pioneered the characterization of senescence-associated heterochromatin foci (SAHF) and large-scale chromatin reorganization as drivers and markers of the senescent state, linking chromatin architecture to tumor suppression and aging.", "year": "2003", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=search&term=Peter+Adams+SAHF+senescence", "confidence": "medium" }, { "area": "Mitochondrial Dysfunction", "discovery": "Demonstrated that mitochondria are required for the pro-aging features of the senescent phenotype: clearing mitochondria in senescent cells reverses multiple SASP and aging features, framing mitophagy/mito-targeting as a senescence intervention axis (Molecular Cell, 2016).", "year": "2016", "evidence_url": "https://openalex.org/W2267737556", "confidence": "medium" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [], "notes": "No direct drug discovery output found. His cGAS-STING/senescence mechanistic work informs senomorphic target strategies, but no named candidate, patent, or company affiliation was identified in this pass." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": null, "companies": [], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [ "https://www.sbpdiscovery.org/our-scientists/peter-d-adams-phd" ], "notes": "Academic (Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, previously Fox Chase Cancer Center); NIH/NCI/NIA-funded. No company affiliations identified." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "kimi-k3 (single-model placeholder)", "estimate_years": 0.3, "range_low": 0.1, "range_high": 1.0, "reasoning": "High-impact mechanistic work on how senescent cells drive inflammation (CCF/cGAS-STING axis) that senomorphic programs now target, but his contributions remain at the mechanism layer without a direct translational vehicle." } ], "median_years": 0.3, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. Single-model placeholder pending multi-model ensemble." }, "researcher_notes": "OpenAlex merge flag is the main caveat. The CCF/cGAS-STING discovery entry is solidly attributable (co-senior-author papers from his lab); SAHF is a multi-lab field where Adams is a pioneer but not the sole originator, hence medium confidence on singular attribution." }, { "slug": "peter-attia", "name": "Peter Attia", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "joinlongevity" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 2.0, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 12, "citations_total": 3034, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://openalex.org/A5063558088", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "low", "notes": "Best-candidate OpenAlex record A5063558088 (18 works, NIH affiliation) plausibly matches his early career as a surgical oncology fellow at NCI under Steve Rosenberg, but cannot be confirmed with certainty; several same-name records exist. Treat as approximate. He is fundamentally a clinician/communicator, not a publishing researcher." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Longevity Advocacy & Science Communication", "discovery": "Authored 'Outlive: The Science and Art of Longevity' (2023), a #1 NYT bestseller that popularized the 'Medicine 3.0' framework (proactive prevention of the 'Four Horsemen': cardiovascular disease, cancer, neurodegeneration, metabolic disease) and moved VO2max, strength, ApoB, and continuous glucose monitoring into mainstream preventive practice.", "year": "2023", "evidence_url": "https://peterattiamd.com/outlive/", "confidence": "high" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [], "notes": "No drug discovery output found. His role is clinical application and communication of existing interventions (rapamycin discussions, lipid management, exercise physiology), not discovery of new therapeutics." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": null, "companies": [ "Early Medical", "Biograph" ], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [ "https://beingearlymatters.com/", "https://worldlongevityclinics.com/clinics/biograph-vs-early-medical/" ], "notes": "Founder of Early Medical (concierge longevity practice, $60k-$150k/yr memberships; plus the $2,500 digital 'Early' program) and co-founder/Chief Medical Officer of Biograph (diagnostics clinic, $7.5k-$15k/yr memberships). Verified external funding totals for either company were not found; Early Medical appears self-funded/bootstrapped from practice revenue." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "kimi-k3 (single-model placeholder)", "estimate_years": 0.2, "range_low": 0.05, "range_high": 1.0, "reasoning": "Population-level impact is through behavior change in a large, affluent listener base and normalization of preventive diagnostics; no new biology. Plausibly meaningful QALY gains across millions of readers/listeners, but unmeasurable and concentrated in already-healthy populations." } ], "median_years": 0.2, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. Single-model placeholder pending multi-model ensemble." }, "researcher_notes": "Include him in the directory under 'communicator/clinician', not 'scientist'. The Drive podcast has 100M+ downloads; Outlive sold millions of copies. Academic record is thin and early-career only; do not present h-index as a research-impact signal here." }, { "slug": "phil-newman", "name": "Phil Newman", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "unfilteredonline" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 0.5, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": null, "citations_total": null, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://api.openalex.org/authors?search=Phil%20Newman", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "low", "notes": "No OpenAlex record matches the Longevity.Technology founder; returned same-name records (Twitter, Australia Zoo, geoscience) are clearly different people. He is a media founder and industry analyst, not an academic. Academic output: not found / not applicable." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Longevity Advocacy & Science Communication", "discovery": "Founded Longevity.Technology (2019), which became a primary trade-media and market-intelligence outlet for the longevity biotech industry, including its annual industry reports and investment-deal tracking that the ecosystem uses as reference data.", "year": "2019", "evidence_url": "https://longevity.technology/", "confidence": "high" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [], "notes": "No drug discovery output found. Role is media, events, and market intelligence for the longevity sector." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": null, "companies": [ "Longevity.Technology" ], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [ "https://longevity.technology/" ], "notes": "Longevity.Technology (First Longevity Ltd) funding not verified in this pass; appears to be a small private media/data company without disclosed venture rounds." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "kimi-k3 (single-model placeholder)", "estimate_years": 0.1, "range_low": 0.0, "range_high": 0.5, "reasoning": "Ecosystem-infrastructure impact: better information flow and investor visibility modestly accelerates capital formation in longevity biotech, but any lifespan effect is third-order." } ], "median_years": 0.1, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. Single-model placeholder pending multi-model ensemble." }, "researcher_notes": "Classify as 'influencer/media', matching unfilteredonline's categorization (#99, Influencer). No scientific or translational output to verify." }, { "slug": "richard-miller", "name": "Richard Miller", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ "unfilteredonline", "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": null, "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": null, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 85, "citations_total": 31364, "source": "OpenAlex", "source_url": "https://openalex.org/A5066597539", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "medium", "notes": "OpenAlex record A5066597539 (Richard A. Miller, 545 works) matches on topics (genetics of aging in model organisms, T/B-cell immunology, metabolism) and includes University of Michigan, NIA, and VA Ann Arbor in affiliations, but the unusually long affiliation list suggests merge contamination with other Richard Millers; figures should be treated as approximate upper bounds." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Rapamycin & mTOR Inhibition", "discovery": "As architect and lead PI of the NIA Interventions Testing Program (ITP), co-led the landmark finding that rapamycin extends median and maximal lifespan in genetically heterogeneous mice even when started at 600 days of age (equivalent to ~60-year-old humans), the most-cited pharmacological lifespan result in mammals (Nature, 2009).", "year": "2009", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19587680/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Geroscience-Guided Drug Repurposing", "discovery": "Built the ITP into the field's gold-standard reproducibility engine, identifying additional reproducible lifespan-extending agents in mice including acarbose, 17-alpha-estradiol (males), canagliflozin (males), and glycine, while falsifying numerous popular supplements (e.g., resveratrol, curcumin, green tea extract) that failed independent multi-site replication.", "year": "2011", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=search&term=Richard+Miller+Interventions+Testing+Program", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Genetics of Human Longevity (GWAS, centenarian studies)", "discovery": "Contributed key mouse-genetics work showing that differences among inbred strains in lifespan and immune-cell traits are heritable and mappable, providing the design logic for using genetically heterogeneous UM-HET3 mice as the standard for translational geroscience.", "year": "2002", "evidence_url": "https://www.pathology.med.umich.edu/faculty/millerr", "confidence": "medium" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [ { "name": "Rapamycin (lifespan/healthspan repurposing evidence base)", "role": "key scientist", "stage": "approved", "company": null, "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19587680/" }, { "name": "Acarbose, 17-alpha-estradiol, canagliflozin, glycine (ITP-validated lifespan extension in mice)", "role": "key scientist", "stage": "approved", "company": null, "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=search&term=Interventions+Testing+Program+aging" } ], "notes": "Miller's 'drug discovery' output is the ITP itself: systematic, multi-site testing of repurposed agents. All four validated hits are approved drugs (for other indications) being repositioned for aging; none is a new chemical entity. The ITP does not run human trials; human rapamycin trials (e.g., PEARL, TRIAD) build on his preclinical evidence." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": null, "companies": [], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [ "https://www.pathology.med.umich.edu/faculty/millerr" ], "notes": "Career academic (University of Michigan Pathology; Associate Director of the UM Geriatrics Center). The ITP is NIA cooperative-agreement funded across three sites (UMich, Jackson, UT Health San Antonio) at several $M/yr, but this is institutional NIA funding, not personal fundraising; no exact total extracted." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "kimi-k3 (single-model placeholder)", "estimate_years": 1.0, "range_low": 0.25, "range_high": 3.0, "reasoning": "The ITP is the single most decision-relevant evidence engine in geroscience: its positive results anchor human rapamycin/acarbose use and trials, and its negative results have prevented widespread waste on ineffective supplements. Realized human lifespan impact depends on how broadly the validated agents get adopted." } ], "median_years": 1.0, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. Single-model placeholder pending multi-model ensemble." }, "researcher_notes": "Strong, consistent profile. OpenAlex merge caveat noted. ITP hit list above reflects the published record through the mid-2020s; agents are listed as 'approved' stage because they are approved for other indications (repurposing context), not approved for aging." }, { "slug": "rick-klausner", "name": "Rick Klausner", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "unfilteredonline" ], "company_affiliation": "Altos Labs", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 0.0, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": null, "citations_total": null, "source": "OpenAlex (attempted, inconclusive)", "source_url": "https://api.openalex.org/authors?search=Rick%20Klausner", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "low", "notes": "OpenAlex API was rate-limited network-wide for the full research session (shared-IP free-tier budget exhausted, retryAfter ~54000s), so no verified query could be completed. One earlier query before the limit hit returned a single low-quality candidate (h_index=1, works_count=2, affiliated with Illumina) that does not plausibly represent Klausner's real output (Wikipedia states he authored 'more than 300 scientific articles' and he was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1993), so that record was rejected as a bad disambiguation match rather than reported. No reliable numeric h-index/citation count could be sourced via web_search in the time available. Known qualitatively as a highly-cited NIH/NCI-era molecular biologist (T cell biology, iron metabolism/transferrin receptor regulation, Von Hippel-Lindau disease genetics) but exact bibliometrics not independently verified this pass." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Immunosenescence & Vaccine Response in Elderly", "discovery": "As an NIH/NCI-era immunologist, Klausner's laboratory work focused on T-cell receptor signaling and T-cell biology, providing foundational immunology later leveraged in CAR-T cell therapy development; this is adjacent-to-aging immune biology rather than an aging-specific discovery.", "year": "1990s", "evidence_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Klausner", "confidence": "low" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [ { "name": "Cell therapy platform (CAR-T pipeline, e.g. JCAR series)", "role": "co-founder", "stage": "approved (via successor programs post-Celgene/BMS acquisition)", "company": "Juno Therapeutics", "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juno_Therapeutics" }, { "name": "Galleri (multi-cancer early detection test)", "role": "co-founder", "stage": "approved (LDT/commercial launch, not a drug but a diagnostic)", "company": "GRAIL", "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GRAIL" }, { "name": "T-cell exhaustion / solid tumor cell therapy pipeline", "role": "co-founder, chairman", "stage": "clinical (phase1/phase2, multiple programs)", "company": "Lyell Immunopharma", "source_url": "https://www.fiercebiotech.com/biotech/gsk-backed-lyell-immunopharma-fresh-off-a-near-500m-raise-guns-for-a-150m-ipo" }, { "name": "Cellular rejuvenation programming pipeline (unnamed preclinical candidates)", "role": "co-founder, Chief Scientist, Board Co-Chairman", "stage": "preclinical", "company": "Altos Labs", "source_url": "https://www.altoslabs.com/team/rick-klausner" } ], "notes": "Klausner has a strong, well-documented drug/biotech co-founder track record (Juno, GRAIL, Lyell, Altos Labs, plus MindStrong Health and CMO role at Illumina), though most of the specific molecular candidates from these companies are attributed to broader scientific/executive teams rather than to Klausner individually as inventor. Altos Labs (his current, longevity-specific venture) has not yet disclosed a named clinical candidate as of this research date; it remains preclinical cellular reprogramming research." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": 7500, "companies": [ "Altos Labs", "Juno Therapeutics", "GRAIL", "Lyell Immunopharma" ], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [ "https://www.fiercebiotech.com/biotech/altos-bursts-out-stealth-3b-a-dream-team-c-suite-and-a-wildly-ambitious-plan-to-reverse", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altos_Labs", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juno_Therapeutics", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GRAIL", "https://www.fiercebiotech.com/biotech/gsk-backed-lyell-immunopharma-fresh-off-a-near-500m-raise-guns-for-a-150m-ipo" ], "notes": "Aggregate approx. $7.5B raised across Klausner's four major co-founded ventures per web_search synthesis (Altos Labs ~$3.0B initial committed capital, Juno Therapeutics ~$1.56B including IPO, GRAIL >$2.4B across rounds plus post-spinout financings, Lyell Immunopharma ~$1.0B including IPO). Figures are company-level totals across all investors, not Klausner's personal capital; he is credited as co-founder/chairman/chief scientist rather than sole fundraiser. Not cross-referenced against data/companies/ dataset in this pass; figures sourced via web_search synthesis citing Fierce Biotech, Wikipedia, GeekWire, and company press releases." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (self-estimate, single model, not a true ensemble)", "estimate_years": 0.05, "range_low": 0, "range_high": 0.3, "reasoning": "Klausner's direct scientific discoveries (T-cell biology, VHL genetics) predate and are largely orthogonal to aging biology. His main longevity-relevant contribution is organizational/capital leadership at Altos Labs, which is still in preclinical cellular reprogramming research with no clinical candidate; near-term measurable human lifespan impact is effectively zero, with speculative long-term upside contingent on Altos Labs successfully translating partial reprogramming into a therapy, which is highly uncertain and likely a decade or more out if it happens at all." } ], "median_years": 0.05, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. Only one model was used in this sub-agent pass; a true multi-model ensemble is a planned refinement step." }, "researcher_notes": "Klausner is primarily a biotech executive/venture co-founder (NIH/NCI director background, then Gates Foundation, then serial biotech co-founder: Juno, GRAIL, Lyell, Altos Labs) rather than an active bench aging researcher. Funding/drug-discovery dimensions are strong and well-evidenced; academic_output (h-index/citations) could NOT be verified this pass due to OpenAlex being rate-limited network-wide for the entire session, and no reliable web-sourced number was found in the time available, this should be retried in a future pass once OpenAlex access is restored. genuine_discoveries is intentionally thin/low-confidence since his direct bench-science contributions are not aging-specific; his relevance to the longevity field is almost entirely via Altos Labs leadership and capital, which is captured under drug_discovery and funding_raised." }, { "slug": "rochelle-buffenstein", "name": "Rochelle Buffenstein", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 1.5, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 69, "citations_total": 17700, "source": "Google Scholar (manual lookup)", "source_url": "https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ycDY0VQAAAAJ&hl=en", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "medium", "notes": "OpenAlex API was rate-limited network-wide for the entire research session, so no OpenAlex disambiguation could be run. Verified via web_search-reported Google Scholar summary (h-index 69, i10-index 162, >17,700 citations) and independently confirmed the profile is real and correctly attributed by directly fetching the Google Scholar page URL, which lists highly-cited, topically consistent papers (naked mole-rat aging, Nrf2, oxidative stress, proteostasis) matching her known research program. The exact h-index/citation figures themselves come from the web_search synthesis rather than a live-rendered Scholar stats widget (Scholar's JS-rendered header stats were not directly scraped), so marked medium rather than high confidence." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Comparative Genomics of Long-Lived Species", "discovery": "Established the naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber) as a model organism for aging research over a 40-year research program, and co-authored the landmark 2018 eLife study (with J. Graham Ruby at Calico) showing naked mole-rats do not exhibit Gompertzian exponential mortality increase with age, making them the first mammal documented to show flat age-independent mortality risk ('negligible senescence').", "year": "2018", "evidence_url": "https://elifesciences.org/articles/31157", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Loss of Proteostasis", "discovery": "Demonstrated that naked mole-rats maintain exceptionally stable, resistant-to-oxidation proteins throughout life despite paradoxically high levels of oxidative damage markers, identifying superior proteostasis (rather than simply lower oxidative stress) as a key mechanism of their negligible senescence (PNAS 2009, first-author/senior-author work).", "year": "2009", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19223593/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Cellular Senescence", "discovery": "Co-discovered (with Kaitlyn Lewis et al., PNAS 2015) that naked mole-rats have constitutively low levels of the Nrf2 negative regulators Keap1 and betaTrCP, leading to sustained high Nrf2 signaling activity across their lifespan that correlates with, and is proposed to help drive, their exceptional cytoprotection and species longevity, comparing this pathway across ten rodent species of varying lifespan.", "year": "2015", "evidence_url": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1417566112", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Senescence in Cancer (paradox biology)", "discovery": "Demonstrated in vitro that naked mole-rat fibroblasts show marked resistance to experimental tumorigenesis/malignant transformation compared to mouse and human cells, an early foundational finding (2010, Aging Cell, with Liang/Hornsby) that helped establish the naked mole-rat as a model for cancer resistance research, though the later-identified high-molecular-weight hyaluronan mechanism (HAS2) was discovered separately by Gorbunova/Seluanov's group, not Buffenstein's.", "year": "2010", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20550519/", "confidence": "high" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [], "notes": "No drug discovery output found. Buffenstein's career is comparative-biology/basic-science research (naked mole-rat aging model), first largely in academia (City College of New York, University of Texas Health San Antonio) and more recently as Senior Principal Investigator at Calico Life Sciences (Alphabet-backed longevity research company), now also Research Professor at University of Illinois Chicago. No evidence found of a named drug candidate, patent-to-clinic program, or founder role attributable to her; Calico itself is a research company that has not, to date, disclosed a Buffenstein-led clinical candidate." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": null, "companies": [ "Calico Life Sciences (Senior Principal Investigator, not founder)" ], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [ "https://www.calicolabs.com/publication/naked-mole-rat-mortality-rates-defy-gompertzian-laws-by-not-increasing-with-age/" ], "notes": "No founder/exec fundraising role identified; she is a senior scientist/PI at Calico (backed by Alphabet with an estimated $1.5B initial commitment from Google/AbbVie per public reporting from Calico's 2014 founding, but that capital was raised by Calico's founding executives, e.g. Arthur Levinson, not by Buffenstein, and is not counted here as her personally-raised figure). No specific individual grant total independently verified this pass." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (self-estimate, single model, not a true ensemble)", "estimate_years": 0.1, "range_low": 0, "range_high": 0.5, "reasoning": "Buffenstein's naked mole-rat model and mechanistic findings (Nrf2 constitutive activation, proteostasis, cancer resistance) are foundational and highly influential for the comparative biology of aging field, informing target hypotheses at multiple companies (e.g. Nrf2 activators, HAS2/hyaluronan programs elsewhere), but she has no direct translational/clinical program of her own; current human lifespan impact is effectively zero with only indirect, long-horizon potential via mechanisms her research helped validate that others may eventually drug." } ], "median_years": 0.1, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. Only one model was used in this sub-agent pass; a true multi-model ensemble is a planned refinement step." }, "researcher_notes": "Buffenstein is one of the most academically decorated and well-cited people in this batch (h-index ~69), with an unusually long and singularly-focused 40-year research program on naked mole-rats. Important disambiguation note for future researchers: the widely-publicized 'naked mole-rat cancer resistance via giant hyaluronan (HAS2)' discovery is attributed to Vera Gorbunova and Andrei Seluanov (University of Rochester), NOT Buffenstein; some secondary sources conflate the two research groups since both study the same animal. I deliberately did not attribute HMW-HA discovery to Buffenstein in genuine_discoveries to avoid this common misattribution. No drug discovery or founder/funding role found; she remains a pure research scientist (formerly academia, now Calico + UIC)." }, { "slug": "rozalyn-anderson", "name": "Rozalyn Anderson", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ "unfilteredonline", "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": null, "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": null, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": null, "citations_total": null, "source": "OpenAlex (attempted, blocked) / web_search (no numeric figure found)", "source_url": "https://api.openalex.org/authors?search=Rozalyn%20Anderson", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "low", "notes": "OpenAlex API was rate-limited network-wide for the entire research session (shared-IP free-tier budget exhausted), so no disambiguated OpenAlex record could be retrieved. A scispace.com author page was located (https://scispace.com/authors/rozalyn-m-anderson-3buh4ib7on) but failed to render extractable content via web_fetch. No specific numeric h-index or citation-total was independently verified via web_search in the time available. She is a Professor of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, and Director of the Wisconsin Nathan Shock Center, with a substantial publication record dating to postdoctoral work in David Sinclair's lab at Harvard (early 2000s) through present; qualitatively a well-established, frequently-cited PI, but exact bibliometrics not confirmed this pass." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Sirtuins & NAD+ Metabolism", "discovery": "As a postdoctoral researcher in David Sinclair's lab, co-discovered (Nature, 2003) that the gene PNC1 clears nicotinamide (a noncompetitive inhibitor of Sir2/SIRT1), and that caloric restriction and mild stress upregulate PNC1, thereby 'unleashing' Sir2 activity, establishing a direct mechanistic link between caloric restriction, nicotinamide metabolism, and sirtuin-mediated lifespan extension in yeast.", "year": "2003", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12736687/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Caloric Restriction & Dietary Restriction Biology", "discovery": "Co-led a 2017 reanalysis (Nature Communications) reconciling the long-standing conflict between the University of Wisconsin and NIA rhesus monkey caloric restriction studies, showing that when accounting for diet composition and age at CR onset, caloric restriction does extend both lifespan and healthspan in a nonhuman primate, resolving a ~15-year scientific controversy in primate aging research.", "year": "2017", "evidence_url": "https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/01/170117140105.htm", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Metabolic Reprogramming in Aging", "discovery": "Demonstrated in nonhuman primate adipose tissue that caloric restriction upregulates SIRT1, NAMPT, and PGC-1alpha, showing that CR preserves NAD+-dependent metabolic flexibility (fat vs. carbohydrate oxidation) in aging tissue as a mechanism linking sirtuin biology to whole-organism healthspan benefits.", "year": "2019", "evidence_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6690794/", "confidence": "medium" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [], "notes": "No drug discovery output found. Anderson is a career academic researcher (University of Wisconsin-Madison, Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology) with no evidence of a founder, co-inventor, or company-executive role. Web search explicitly found that she routinely discloses no commercial competing interests on her papers. She holds only advisory/board roles at nonprofit and academic organizations (Dog Aging Project SAB, Longevity Summit Dublin advisory committee, British Society for Research on Ageing SAB, AFAR National Scientific Advisory Council, Lifeboat Foundation boards), none of which constitute drug discovery output." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": null, "companies": [], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [ "https://academyofgeroscience.org/dr-rozalyn-anderson-phd" ], "notes": "No founder/exec role identified, so no company funding figure applies. She co-founded and directs the Wisconsin Nathan Shock Center (WiNSC), an NIA-funded academic research center (with Dudley Lamming and John Denu), but this is federal grant infrastructure, not private/venture funding, and no specific total grant dollar figure was independently verified this pass." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (self-estimate, single model, not a true ensemble)", "estimate_years": 0.15, "range_low": 0, "range_high": 0.6, "reasoning": "Anderson's mechanistic sirtuin/CR work and her role resolving the Wisconsin-vs-NIA primate CR controversy are scientifically important and widely cited, informing the broader geroscience field's confidence that CR-mimetic interventions are translatable across mammals including primates, but she has no direct drug program or clinical translation of her own; current human lifespan impact is effectively zero with only indirect, field-level influence on others' drug discovery efforts (e.g. NAD+ precursor and sirtuin-activator programs elsewhere)." } ], "median_years": 0.15, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. Only one model was used in this sub-agent pass; a true multi-model ensemble is a planned refinement step." }, "researcher_notes": "Anderson is a pure academic researcher whose most field-shaping contribution may be the 2017 Wisconsin/NIA primate CR reconciliation paper, a landmark result settling a major open question in aging biology. Academic_output h-index/citations could not be verified this pass (OpenAlex blocked network-wide; scispace author page failed to extract; no numeric figure surfaced via web_search in time available), this should be retried once OpenAlex access is restored. No drug discovery or funding-raised role found, consistent with a career academic profile; she holds numerous unpaid advisory board seats but no equity/founder position identified." }, { "slug": "shahaf-peleg", "name": "Shahaf Peleg", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 1.0, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 11, "citations_total": 2205, "source": "Google Scholar (manual lookup)", "source_url": "https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=VBW11QEAAAAJ&hl=en", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "medium", "notes": "OpenAlex API was rate-limited network-wide for the entire session, so no OpenAlex disambiguation was possible. Verified via web_search-reported Google Scholar summary (h-index 11, i10-index 15) and independently confirmed by directly fetching the Google Scholar profile page, which lists his publications with per-paper citation counts (top paper: 'Altered histone acetylation is associated with age-dependent memory impairment in mice', Science 2010, 1205 citations); summing the visible per-paper citation counts (~2216) closely matches the reported ~2205 total, corroborating the figure. Confidence marked medium rather than high because the header summary-stats widget itself was not directly scraped (Scholar's JS-rendered stats box), only inferred/cross-checked from the paper list and the web_search-reported number." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Epigenetic Alterations", "discovery": "First-author discovery (Science, 2010, ~1205 citations, from Andre Fischer's lab) that aged mice fail to properly regulate histone H4 lysine 12 (H4K12) acetylation in the hippocampus during learning, causing deregulation of learning-associated gene expression; showed that restoring H4K12ac via HDAC inhibitors rescued age-dependent memory impairment, one of the most-cited findings linking epigenetic dysregulation directly to age-related cognitive decline and demonstrating partial reversibility.", "year": "2010", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20448184/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Post-translational Modifications & Aging", "discovery": "Showed in Drosophila (EMBO Reports, 2016) that manipulating the metabolic link to histone acetylation (via acetyl-CoA/HDAC pathway components) can extend lifespan, establishing a causal metabolism-to-chromatin-to-longevity axis in a genetic model organism rather than only a correlative one.", "year": "2016", "evidence_url": "https://www.embopress.org/doi/10.15252/embr.201541132", "confidence": "medium" }, { "area": "Mitochondrial Dysfunction", "discovery": "Co-developed (Nature Aging, 2023, with Bryan Berry, Andrew Wojtovich and colleagues) an optogenetic 'mitochondria-ON' (mtON) system using light-activated proton pumps to restore mitochondrial membrane potential in aging C. elegans, showing this 'rejuvenation' of mitochondrial charge extends nematode lifespan and reduces markers of age-related decline; this discovery was subsequently the basis for co-founding Luminova Biotech in 2023.", "year": "2023", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37704489/", "confidence": "high" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [ { "name": "mtON (Mitochondria-ON) light-activated proton pump platform", "role": "co-founder, co-inventor", "stage": "preclinical", "company": "Luminova Biotech", "source_url": "https://splashcreative.com/projects/luminova-biotech/" } ], "notes": "Peleg co-founded Luminova Biotech in 2023 with Andrew P. Wojtovich (University of Rochester) to translate their optogenetic mtON mitochondrial-rejuvenation technology toward human therapeutics; as of this research date the company/technology remains preclinical (nematode-stage lifespan-extension data published, no announced human clinical program). NSF-backed funding and a Cornell partnership were reported but no specific dollar figure for Luminova was found." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": null, "companies": [ "Luminova Biotech" ], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [ "https://splashcreative.com/projects/luminova-biotech/", "https://www.biotech.cornell.edu/spotlight/cornell-cat-awards-support-seven-new-biotechnology-partnerships" ], "notes": "No specific total-dollars-raised figure for Luminova Biotech was found; web_search indicates the company is backed by National Science Foundation (NSF) funding (likely SBIR/STTR-scale, typically low-single-digit millions or less, not independently confirmed) and has an academic partnership with Cornell University (Cornell CAT award, a small biotechnology-partnership grant program). No company profile for Luminova Biotech exists in data/companies/ to cross-reference. Figure left null pending verification of an exact number." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (self-estimate, single model, not a true ensemble)", "estimate_years": 0.02, "range_low": 0, "range_high": 0.15, "reasoning": "Peleg's academic contributions (epigenetic memory-loss mechanism, metabolism-chromatin-longevity link) are scientifically interesting but niche and moderately cited (h-index 11); his translational venture, Luminova Biotech's optogenetic mtON platform, is very early preclinical stage (nematode-only data) with a technology (light-activated mitochondrial proton pumps) that faces major translational hurdles for human use (requires external light delivery to tissue). Near-term human lifespan impact is effectively zero; speculative long-term upside is low-probability and distant." } ], "median_years": 0.02, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. Only one model was used in this sub-agent pass; a true multi-model ensemble is a planned refinement step." }, "researcher_notes": "Peleg is a mid-career academic group leader (FBN Dummerstorf, Germany) with a moderate but respectable citation record (h-index 11, dominated by one highly-cited 2010 Science paper on epigenetic memory decline). His most novel and forward-looking work is the 2023 optogenetic mitochondrial-rejuvenation (mtON) system, which he has moved toward commercialization via Luminova Biotech (co-founded with Andrew Wojtovich), making him one of relatively few in this cohort with an active drug/therapeutics-translation company, albeit very early-stage and low-funding-confirmed. No conflicting information found; profile is internally consistent across sources (agingbiotech.info profile listed only Hive.one X-follower ranking, which undersells his actual academic and entrepreneurial output uncovered here)." }, { "slug": "steven-austad", "name": "Steven Austad", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 2.5, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 81, "citations_total": 24750, "source": "Google Scholar (manual lookup)", "source_url": "https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=8HPaM2oAAAAJ&hl=en", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "high", "notes": "OpenAlex API was rate-limited network-wide for the entire session, so no OpenAlex disambiguation was possible. Verified via web_search-reported Google Scholar summary (h-index 81, i10-index 197, 24,750 total citations, 42/140 since-2021 figures) and independently confirmed by directly fetching the Google Scholar profile page, which lists a long, topically consistent publication record (comparative biology of aging, telomeres, sex differences in longevity, rapamycin/ITP) matching his known career as Distinguished Professor and Protective Life Endowed Chair in Healthy Aging Research, UAB. Marked high confidence given the consistent match between profile content, career history, and reported metrics, though the header stats box itself was not directly live-scraped." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Comparative Genomics of Long-Lived Species", "discovery": "Co-authored (with Thomas Kirkwood, Nature 2000) an influential synthesis of evolutionary theories of aging ('Why do we age?'), one of the most-cited papers in the field (>2,400 citations), and built an extensive body of comparative work across bats, birds, opossums, and marsupials showing that longevity varies systematically with ecological factors (predation pressure, metabolic rate) rather than simple metabolic-rate-driven oxidative damage alone, most notably his island opossum study (1993) showing reduced predation pressure is associated with slower aging (retarded senescence) in a wild population.", "year": "2000", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11089981/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Rapamycin & mTOR Inhibition", "discovery": "Co-author on the landmark NIA Interventions Testing Program (ITP) study (Zhang et al. 2014, Journals of Gerontology) demonstrating that rapamycin extends both lifespan and healthspan in genetically heterogeneous mice across three independent test sites, a key piece of evidence establishing rapamycin as the most robust pharmacological lifespan-extension intervention validated in mammals.", "year": "2014", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24747784/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Genetics of Human Longevity (GWAS, centenarian studies)", "discovery": "Published influential work on sex differences in lifespan/longevity (Austad & Fischer, Cell Metabolism 2016; Austad, Gender Medicine 2006) synthesizing cross-species evidence that female longevity advantage is a broadly conserved mammalian pattern with both genetic (X-chromosome, mitochondrial inheritance) and hormonal contributing mechanisms.", "year": "2016", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27304505/", "confidence": "high" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [], "notes": "No drug discovery output found as a founder/co-inventor of a specific named candidate. Austad is a co-investigator on the NIA Interventions Testing Program (ITP), which has generated key mammalian efficacy data for candidates including rapamycin, acarbose, and 17-alpha-estradiol, but the ITP is a multi-site NIA-funded consortium research program, not a company, and Austad's role is as an academic co-investigator/data contributor rather than drug originator. No evidence found of him founding or holding an executive/inventor role at a biotech company as of this research date." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": null, "companies": [], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [], "notes": "No founder/exec role or company funding identified. Austad co-founded and is a long-time leader within the American Federation for Aging Research (AFAR), a nonprofit funding organization for aging research (not a commercial venture, so not counted as founder funding here). No specific major individual grant total was independently verified in the time available for this pass." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (self-estimate, single model, not a true ensemble)", "estimate_years": 0.3, "range_low": 0.05, "range_high": 1.0, "reasoning": "Austad is one of the most senior and influential comparative biogerontologists in the field, and his co-authorship on the ITP rapamycin studies contributes directly to the strongest existing mammalian evidence base underpinning ongoing human rapamycin/mTOR-inhibitor longevity trials; however, he has no direct drug-development or founder role, so his impact is indirect (field-shaping evidence and theory) rather than a measurable clinical outcome. Estimate reflects meaningful but diffuse influence on the broader geroscience evidence base that other groups are using to advance human interventions." } ], "median_years": 0.3, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. Only one model was used in this sub-agent pass; a true multi-model ensemble is a planned refinement step." }, "researcher_notes": "Austad is a highly-cited, senior, career-academic comparative biogerontologist (h-index 81, ~24,750 citations) with an unusually broad publication record spanning evolutionary biology, comparative aging across species (bats, birds, marsupials, opossums), and mammalian pharmacological intervention testing (ITP/rapamycin). Also well-known publicly for his 2000 bet with S. Jay Olshansky (Scientific American) that a person alive today would live to 150, and for his book 'Methuselah's Zoo'. No drug discovery/founder output or specific funding figure found; his impact is best captured through academic_output and genuine_discoveries. Time constraints prevented a deeper search for advisory-board/consulting roles at longevity biotechs, which likely exist given his prominence but were not independently verified this pass." }, { "slug": "thomas-flatt", "name": "Thomas Flatt", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 1.5, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 53, "citations_total": 11879, "source": "Google Scholar (manual lookup)", "source_url": "https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=hnOIPdEAAAAJ&hl=en", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "high", "notes": "OpenAlex API was rate-limited network-wide for the entire session, so no OpenAlex disambiguation was possible. Verified via web_search-reported Google Scholar summary (h-index 53, i10-index 99, ~11,879 citations) and independently confirmed by directly fetching the Google Scholar profile page, which lists a large, topically consistent publication record (Drosophila life-history evolution, insulin signaling and lifespan, juvenile hormone, reproduction-longevity trade-offs) matching his known role as Professor of Evolutionary Biology, University of Fribourg, Switzerland. IMPORTANT DISAMBIGUATION: web_search surfaced a different, unrelated person also named 'Thomas Flatt' who is a Swiss oral-care entrepreneur (founder of Scanderra GmbH / edel+white, 'Longevity Lab Basel'); that person was explicitly excluded from this profile as he has no connection to the academic aging researcher and was flagged in researcher_notes to prevent future conflation." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Deregulated Nutrient Sensing (mTOR/AMPK/IGF-1)", "discovery": "Demonstrated (PNAS, 2008, with Kyung-Jin Min, Ruth Lehmann and colleagues) that ablation of the Drosophila germ line extends lifespan via modulation of insulin/IGF-like signaling, showing that germline signals interact directly with the insulin-signaling pathway to govern somatic longevity, extending earlier germline-longevity findings from C. elegans into a second model organism.", "year": "2008", "evidence_url": "https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.0708827105", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Deregulated Nutrient Sensing (mTOR/AMPK/IGF-1)", "discovery": "Established (BioEssays, 2005, with Marc Tu and Marc Tatar) the 'hormonal pleiotropy' framework explaining how juvenile hormone in Drosophila coordinately regulates development, reproduction, stress resistance and lifespan, providing a mechanistic account of how a single endocrine signal produces the classic reproduction-longevity trade-off widely observed in insects.", "year": "2005", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16163723/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Genetics of Human Longevity (GWAS, centenarian studies)", "discovery": "Co-authored an influential critique/reframing of aging definitions ('A new definition of aging?', Frontiers in Genetics, 2012) and, with Linda Partridge, a widely cited synthesis ('Horizons in the evolution of aging', BMC Biology, 2018) that shaped how the evolutionary-genetics field conceptualizes senescence, distinguishing extrinsic mortality-driven and adaptive theories from purely mechanistic hallmark-based framing.", "year": "2018", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30126468/", "confidence": "medium" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [], "notes": "No drug discovery output found. Flatt is a career academic evolutionary geneticist (University of Fribourg, Switzerland) working exclusively with Drosophila as a model organism; no evidence of a founder, co-inventor, or company-executive role. He holds advisory roles at nonprofit/academic bodies only (AFAR National Scientific Advisory Council, Scientific Advisory Board of GELIFES/Groningen), and co-founded the academic DrosEU consortium (a research network, not a company)." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": null, "companies": [], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [], "notes": "No founder/exec role or company funding identified; Flatt's career is grant-funded academic research (Swiss National Science Foundation and similar), not a commercial venture. No specific major grant total dollar figure was independently verified this pass." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (self-estimate, single model, not a true ensemble)", "estimate_years": 0.05, "range_low": 0, "range_high": 0.3, "reasoning": "Flatt's work is foundational for the evolutionary-genetics understanding of aging trade-offs (reproduction vs. lifespan, insulin/IGF signaling, hormonal pleiotropy) and is highly cited within the basic-science community, but it remains entirely in Drosophila with no direct translational program or company; near-term human lifespan impact is effectively zero, with only long-term indirect potential via conceptual influence on target-selection logic used by others in the field." } ], "median_years": 0.05, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. Only one model was used in this sub-agent pass; a true multi-model ensemble is a planned refinement step." }, "researcher_notes": "IMPORTANT: there is a name-collision risk for this person. A completely unrelated Swiss oral-care entrepreneur also named 'Thomas Flatt' (founder of Scanderra GmbH / edel+white, associated with a project called 'Longevity Lab Basel') surfaced repeatedly in web_search results due to shared name and shared 'longevity' keyword; that person has no scientific publication record and was explicitly excluded from this profile. The academic Thomas Flatt profiled here is Professor of Evolutionary Biology at University of Fribourg with a well-established, verifiable Google Scholar record (h-index 53) in Drosophila life-history/aging genetics. No drug discovery or funding-raised role found, consistent with a pure academic career; flagging this disambiguation explicitly so future researchers/data pipelines do not accidentally merge the two people or misattribute the oral-care company to the scientist." }, { "slug": "tony-wyss-coray", "name": "Tony Wyss-Coray", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "unfilteredonline" ], "company_affiliation": "Alkahest, Teal Omics", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 0.0, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 119, "citations_total": 83962, "source": "Google Scholar (manual lookup)", "source_url": "https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=huboyZcAAAAJ&hl=en", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "high", "notes": "OpenAlex API was rate-limited network-wide for the entire session, so no OpenAlex disambiguation was possible. Verified via web_search-reported Google Scholar summary (h-index 119, i10-index 265, 83,962 total citations, 89/230 since-2021 figures) and independently confirmed by directly fetching the Google Scholar profile page, which lists an exceptionally strong, topically consistent publication record (neuroinflammation, parabiosis/young blood, Tabula Muris/Sapiens single-cell atlases, plasma proteome aging) matching his role as D.H. Chen Distinguished Professor of Neurology, Stanford University. This is among the highest and most reliably corroborated academic-output profiles in this research batch." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Altered Intercellular Communication / Inflammaging", "discovery": "Led the landmark heterochronic parabiosis studies (Villeda et al., Nature 2011 and Nature Medicine 2014) demonstrating that exposing aged mice to young blood (or young plasma alone, cell-free) reverses age-related impairments in hippocampal neurogenesis, cognitive function, and synaptic plasticity, while old plasma impairs cognition in young mice, establishing that systemic 'aging factors' circulating in blood, not just cell-intrinsic aging, actively drive brain aging and are reversible.", "year": "2011", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21886162/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Proteomics of Aging", "discovery": "Discovered and characterized (Lehallier et al., Nature Medicine 2019) 'undulating' non-monotonic changes in the human plasma proteome across the lifespan, identifying distinct waves of protein-level change at approximately ages 34, 60, and 78 that mark discrete phases of aging, a foundational dataset for plasma-based aging biomarkers and target discovery used widely across the field.", "year": "2019", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31792462/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Neuroinflammation", "discovery": "Authored some of the most-cited foundational reviews establishing chronic neuroinflammation as a central, potentially causal driver (not merely a bystander) of Alzheimer's disease pathology (Wyss-Coray & Mucke, Neuron 2002; Wyss-Coray, Nature Medicine 2006), shaping two decades of subsequent neuroimmunology-of-aging research.", "year": "2002", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12194863/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Single-Cell Genomics of Aging", "discovery": "Co-led the Tabula Muris Senis single-cell transcriptomic atlas of mouse aging across 20+ organs (Nature 2020) and contributed to the Tabula Sapiens human atlas (Science 2022), providing foundational cross-tissue single-cell reference datasets now widely used across the aging-biomarker and target-discovery field.", "year": "2020", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32669714/", "confidence": "high" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [ { "name": "AKST4290 (lazucirnon)", "role": "co-founder (scientific foundation from his lab's discoveries)", "stage": "phase2", "company": "Alkahest (subsidiary of Grifols)", "source_url": "https://parkinsonsnewstoday.com/news/first-patient-dosed-in-phase-2-clinical-trial-of-akst4290-for-parkinsons-disease/" }, { "name": "AKST6019 / GRF6019 (plasma protein fraction)", "role": "co-founder", "stage": "phase2", "company": "Alkahest (subsidiary of Grifols)", "source_url": "https://www.alzheimer-europe.org/news/alkahest-announces-top-line-data-its-phase-ii-clinical-trial-grf6019-ad?language_content_entity=en" }, { "name": "AKST6021 / GRF6021 (plasma protein fraction)", "role": "co-founder", "stage": "phase2", "company": "Alkahest (subsidiary of Grifols)", "source_url": "https://www.clinicaltrialsarena.com/news/alkahest-phase-ii-parkinsons-dosing/" } ], "notes": "Strong, well-documented drug discovery output. Wyss-Coray co-founded Alkahest in 2014 to translate his parabiosis/plasma-proteome discoveries into therapeutics targeting the 'chronokine' hypothesis (age-associated plasma proteins). Three named candidates (AKST4290/lazucirnon, GRF6019, GRF6021) reached Phase 2 clinical trials for Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and wet AMD before Alkahest was fully acquired by Grifols in 2020/2021. He is also listed as a co-founder/affiliate of Teal Omics (per agingbiotech.info profile), though no specific drug candidate or clinical-stage program from Teal Omics was independently verified in this pass." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": 187.5, "companies": [ "Alkahest" ], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [ "https://www.grifols.com/en/view-news/-/news/grifols-to-make-a-major-equity-investment-in-alkahest", "https://www.contractpharma.com/breaking-news/grifols-to-acquire-alkahest-for-146m/" ], "notes": "Alkahest raised approximately $39-41M in venture/grant funding pre-Grifols investment, then received a $37.5M cash equity investment (for 45% stake) plus $12.5M in R&D funding from Grifols in March 2015 (total $50M initial collaboration), followed by a $146M buyout of the remaining 55% equity by Grifols in September 2020 (total buyout equity valuation >$265M). Aggregate figure of ~$187.5M used here reflects the sum of pre-Grifols venture funding (~$40M) plus the initial Grifols equity/R&D commitment (~$50M) plus the 2020 acquisition payment (~$146M) as a rough approximation of total capital that flowed into/through the company across its lifecycle; this is a company-level aggregate across all investors, not Wyss-Coray's personal capital raised. Teal Omics funding not independently verified this pass." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (self-estimate, single model, not a true ensemble)", "estimate_years": 0.4, "range_low": 0.05, "range_high": 1.5, "reasoning": "Wyss-Coray has one of the strongest combinations of foundational discovery (parabiosis/young-blood rejuvenation, plasma-proteome aging waves) and successful translation to clinical-stage candidates (three Phase 2 programs via Alkahest) in this cohort. Direct measured human lifespan impact remains zero since no candidate has reached approval, but the field-shaping influence of his plasma-aging-factor paradigm plus the fact that three of his lab's discoveries reached human Phase 2 trials for real degenerative diseases (Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, AMD) represents unusually concrete translational progress relative to most academics in this cohort." } ], "median_years": 0.4, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. Only one model was used in this sub-agent pass; a true multi-model ensemble is a planned refinement step." }, "researcher_notes": "One of the strongest all-around profiles in this batch: very high academic output (h-index 119, ~84,000 citations, Stanford Distinguished Professor), clear high-confidence discoveries (parabiosis/young blood rejuvenation is one of the most publicly recognizable findings in the entire longevity field), AND real clinical-stage drug discovery output via Alkahest (three Phase 2 candidates, one full company acquisition by Grifols for a combined >$260M in disclosed transaction value). No conflicting information found. Time constraints prevented independently verifying his second company affiliation, Teal Omics (listed in the agingbiotech.info source profile), this should be filled in on a future pass." }, { "slug": "vadim-gladyshev", "name": "Vadim Gladyshev", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ "unfilteredonline", "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": null, "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": null, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 146, "citations_total": 71941, "source": "Google Scholar (manual lookup)", "source_url": "https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=CosBFrUAAAAJ&hl=en", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "high", "notes": "OpenAlex API was rate-limited network-wide for the entire session, so no OpenAlex disambiguation was possible. Verified via web_search-reported Google Scholar summary (h-index 146, i10-index 497, 71,941 total citations, 87/413 since-2021 figures) and independently confirmed by directly fetching the Google Scholar profile page, which lists an exceptionally strong, topically consistent publication record spanning selenoprotein biology, epigenetic aging clocks, and reprogramming/rejuvenation research, matching his role as Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Director of the Center for Redox Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital. One of the highest and most reliably corroborated academic-output profiles in this research batch." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Comparative Genomics of Long-Lived Species", "discovery": "Co-led the naked mole-rat genome sequencing project (Kim et al., Nature 2011), providing the first full genomic reference for the naked mole-rat and identifying candidate genetic bases for its exceptional longevity and cancer resistance, a foundational resource for the comparative genomics of aging field.", "year": "2011", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22037309/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Aging Clocks (multi-modal: methylation, proteomic, imaging)", "discovery": "Developed scAge, the first single-cell resolution epigenetic aging clock capable of estimating biological age from individual cells rather than bulk tissue averages, and later developed DamAge and AdaptAge, the first causal (rather than purely correlational) epigenetic clocks distinguishing age-associated cellular damage from adaptive/protective epigenetic responses.", "year": "2022", "evidence_url": "https://www.brighamhealthonamission.org/2022/04/12/new-epigenetic-clock-can-profile-the-biological-age-of-single-cells/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Cellular Reprogramming (iPSC, partial reprogramming)", "discovery": "Co-authored the landmark 'loss of epigenetic information as a cause of mammalian aging' paper (Yang et al., Cell 2023, with David Sinclair's group) and separately demonstrated (Lu et al., Nature 2020) that partial reprogramming with OSK factors can restore youthful epigenetic patterns and reverse vision loss in a mouse model of glaucoma, contributing key evidence for the 'information theory of aging' and reprogramming-based rejuvenation.", "year": "2023", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36638792/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Genomic Instability & DNA Damage", "discovery": "Characterized the mammalian selenoproteome (Kryukov et al., Science 2003) and selenocysteine incorporation mechanisms, foundational structural biology/biochemistry work (predating his aging-focused career pivot) establishing how selenoproteins function in redox homeostasis and antioxidant defense relevant to oxidative damage accumulation in aging.", "year": "2003", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12775843/", "confidence": "high" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [], "notes": "No direct drug-discovery candidate attributable to Gladyshev as founder/co-inventor was found; he is not a company founder. He is a Scientific Advisory Board member at Retro Biosciences (Sam Altman-backed reprogramming/longevity company; alongside advisors including Alejandro Ocampo and Kristen Fortney), providing scientific guidance on epigenetic reprogramming programs including AI-assisted protein design work (GPT-4b micro, developed with OpenAI in 2025). No named clinical-stage drug candidate specifically attributed to his advisory input was independently verified. He is explicitly NOT the founder of Gero (Gero AI); that company was founded by Peter Fedichev and Maxim Kholin. Gladyshev's Harvard lab has co-published research with Gero as an academic/scientific collaborator, not as an owner or founder; this distinction is flagged to prevent future misattribution." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": null, "companies": [], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [ "https://internationalmedicalnetworkarabia.com/articles/sam-altman-retro-biosciences/" ], "notes": "No founder/exec fundraising role identified for Gladyshev personally; he holds an unpaid/advisory Scientific Advisory Board seat at Retro Biosciences, which itself raised $180M initial funding from Sam Altman (2022) and reached a $1.8B valuation after a further funding round (May 2026), but that capital was raised by Retro's founder Joe Betts-LaCroix and lead investor Altman, not by Gladyshev, and is not counted here as his personally-raised figure." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (self-estimate, single model, not a true ensemble)", "estimate_years": 0.2, "range_low": 0.05, "range_high": 0.8, "reasoning": "Gladyshev has exceptionally high academic influence (h-index 146) and his aging-clock and reprogramming discoveries are foundational tools now used across the field to measure biological age and evaluate interventions, plus his advisory role at a well-capitalized reprogramming company (Retro Biosciences, $1.8B valuation) gives him real but indirect exposure to a translational program. No direct clinical candidate of his own exists yet, so measured human lifespan impact is currently zero, with speculative upside contingent on Retro's reprogramming pipeline (or others using his clocks/mechanistic findings) eventually reaching the clinic." } ], "median_years": 0.2, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. Only one model was used in this sub-agent pass; a true multi-model ensemble is a planned refinement step." }, "researcher_notes": "One of the highest academic-output profiles in this entire research batch (h-index 146, ~72,000 citations), spanning an unusually broad career: from foundational selenoprotein/selenocysteine biochemistry (1990s-2000s) to naked mole-rat genomics (2011) to epigenetic aging clocks and reprogramming/rejuvenation research (2020s). IMPORTANT DISAMBIGUATION flagged in drug_discovery: web_search results initially suggested a Gero connection that could be misread as him being a co-founder; he is explicitly an academic collaborator/advisor to Gero, NOT a founder (founders are Peter Fedichev and Maxim Kholin). He is a genuine Scientific Advisory Board member at Retro Biosciences (a well-funded, high-profile reprogramming company), which is his closest connection to drug discovery output, though no specific candidate/IP is attributed to him individually. No conflicting information found beyond the Gero misattribution risk noted above." }, { "slug": "valery-krizhanovsky", "name": "Valery Krizhanovsky", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 1.5, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 42, "citations_total": 24841, "source": "Google Scholar (manual lookup)", "source_url": "https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=O7ZU_y4AAAAJ&hl=en", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "high", "notes": "OpenAlex API was rate-limited network-wide for the entire session, so no OpenAlex disambiguation was possible. Verified via web_search-reported Google Scholar summary (h-index 42, i10-index 63, ~24,841 total citations) and independently confirmed by directly fetching the Google Scholar profile page, which lists an extensive, highly topically consistent publication record (cellular senescence, liver fibrosis, immunosurveillance of senescent cells, SASP) matching his role as Professor, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Senescence & Fibrosis", "discovery": "First-author discovery (Cell, 2008, ~2,572 citations, from Scott Lowe's lab at Cold Spring Harbor prior to his Weizmann appointment) that activated hepatic stellate cells undergo senescence in response to liver damage, and that this senescence acts as a physiological brake limiting fibrosis, with the additional finding that Natural Killer (NK) cells preferentially recognize and clear these senescent cells, establishing a specific tissue-protective role for senescence outside of cancer biology.", "year": "2008", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18724938/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Immune Clearance of Senescent Cells", "discovery": "Established at his own Weizmann lab a body of work (Sagiv et al., Aging 2016; Ovadya et al., Nature Communications 2018) characterizing the molecular mechanisms of immunosurveillance of senescent cells, including NKG2D-ligand-mediated NK cell recognition and granule-exocytosis-mediated killing, and showed that impaired immune clearance of senescent cells accelerates their accumulation and drives organismal aging, a mechanistic foundation for immune-based senolytic strategies.", "year": "2018", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30586843/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Senolytics (drug discovery)", "discovery": "Co-discovered (Yosef et al., Nature Communications 2016, ~1,242 citations) that BCL-W and BCL-XL are key anti-apoptotic proteins that senescent cells depend on for survival, and showed that pharmacological inhibition of these targets can selectively eliminate senescent cells, providing an alternative mechanistic target to the earlier-discovered BCL-2 family senolytics (e.g. navitoclax).", "year": "2016", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27048913/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Developmental Senescence", "discovery": "Co-authored (Storer et al., Cell 2013, ~1,508 citations) the discovery that cellular senescence occurs as a normal, programmed part of vertebrate embryonic development, contributing to tissue patterning (e.g. in the endolymphatic duct and mesonephros), establishing that senescence is not solely a stress response but also a conserved developmental mechanism.", "year": "2013", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24238962/", "confidence": "high" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [ { "name": "Antibody-based senolytic candidates targeting senescent-cell-surface proteins (unnamed)", "role": "scientific founder", "stage": "preclinical (company reported out of business as of March 2024)", "company": "Sentaur Biosciences", "source_url": "https://www.m-ventures.com/portfolio/sentaur-biosciences" } ], "notes": "Krizhanovsky served as scientific founder/consultant to Sentaur Biosciences (founded 2018, based on his lab's discovery of surface proteins specific to senescent cells, aiming to develop precision antibody-based senolytics), backed by a pre-seed consortium (M Ventures/Merck, Arkin Bio Holdings, Pontifax, WuXi AppTec) via the M Ventures Israel bioincubator in Yavne. IMPORTANT: web_search indicates Sentaur Biosciences is listed as having gone out of business as of March 2, 2024 (per PitchBook/Start-Up Nation Finder data cited in search results), meaning this drug discovery program did not reach clinical stage and the company appears defunct. This should be flagged prominently; the company status should be independently reconfirmed given its significance." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": null, "companies": [ "Sentaur Biosciences" ], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [ "https://www.m-ventures.com/portfolio/sentaur-biosciences", "https://finder.startupnationcentral.org/investor_page/ms-ventures-israel-bioincubator?section=portfolio" ], "notes": "Sentaur Biosciences raised an undisclosed seed round (dated June 1, 2018) led by M Ventures (Merck's corporate VC arm) with participation from Arkin Bio Holdings, Pontifax, and WuXi AppTec via the Explore Bio pre-seed consortium; the specific dollar amount was not disclosed in any source found. No figure could be verified, and the company's apparent closure (as of March 2024, per web_search) further limits confidence in any funding total being meaningful going forward." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (self-estimate, single model, not a true ensemble)", "estimate_years": 0.08, "range_low": 0, "range_high": 0.4, "reasoning": "Krizhanovsky's mechanistic discoveries (senescence in fibrosis, immune clearance of senescent cells, BCL-W/BCL-XL as senolytic targets) are highly influential and foundational for the senolytics field broadly, informing target selection at multiple other companies even though his own venture (Sentaur Biosciences) appears to have shut down before reaching clinical stage. Direct human lifespan impact from his own translational effort is effectively zero; his main impact is via the broader senescence/senolytics field that his academic discoveries helped establish." } ], "median_years": 0.08, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. Only one model was used in this sub-agent pass; a true multi-model ensemble is a planned refinement step." }, "researcher_notes": "Krizhanovsky is a strong, well-cited academic (h-index 42, ~24,800 citations) with a highly focused and influential publication record in cellular senescence biology, spanning tumor suppression, fibrosis, immunosurveillance, developmental senescence, and senolytic target discovery (BCL-W/BCL-XL). FLAG FOR MAIN SESSION: his one drug-discovery venture, Sentaur Biosciences, is reported by web_search results (citing PitchBook/Start-Up Nation Finder) to have gone out of business as of March 2, 2024; this status should be independently reconfirmed since it materially changes how his drug_discovery output should be scored (a defunct preclinical-stage company vs. an active one). No other conflicting information found." }, { "slug": "william-mair", "name": "William Mair", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 1.0, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 36, "citations_total": 13141, "source": "Google Scholar (manual lookup)", "source_url": "https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Ben7hEIAAAAJ&hl=en", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "high", "notes": "OpenAlex API was rate-limited network-wide for the entire session, so no OpenAlex disambiguation was possible. Verified via web_search-reported Google Scholar summary (h-index 36, i10-index 52, 13,141 total citations, 28/47 since-2021 figures) and independently confirmed by directly fetching the Google Scholar profile page, which lists a topically consistent publication record (AMPK, dietary restriction, mitochondrial dynamics, C. elegans/Drosophila lifespan genetics) matching his role as Professor of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and Director of the Harvard Healthy Aging Initiative." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Deregulated Nutrient Sensing (mTOR/AMPK/IGF-1)", "discovery": "First-author discovery (Nature, 2011, ~504 citations, from postdoctoral work with Andrew Dillin) that AMPK extends C. elegans lifespan by phosphorylating and inactivating the transcriptional coactivator CRTC-1, which otherwise partners with CREB to promote growth/metabolism at the expense of longevity; established a direct molecular 'switch' linking the cellular energy sensor AMPK to a specific longevity-promoting transcriptional program.", "year": "2011", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21331044/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Altered Intercellular Communication / Inflammaging", "discovery": "Discovered (Burkewitz et al., Cell 2015, from his own Harvard lab) that activating AMPK in a small subset of neurons is sufficient to trigger cell-non-autonomous metabolic reprogramming and lifespan extension across the whole organism, showing that the perception of low nutrient/energy status in the brain (via a catecholamine signal acting on CRTC-1) can override actual peripheral nutrient status to drive systemic longevity effects.", "year": "2015", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25723164/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Mitochondrial Dysfunction", "discovery": "Demonstrated (Weir et al., Cell Metabolism 2017) that dietary restriction and AMPK activation extend C. elegans lifespan by preserving mitochondrial network plasticity (fusion/fission balance) and coordinating peroxisomal fatty-acid oxidation, showing that mitochondrial dynamics (not just mitochondrial function per se) are causally required for dietary-restriction-induced longevity.", "year": "2017", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29107503/", "confidence": "high" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [], "notes": "No drug discovery output found. Mair is a career academic (Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health) with a consistent, deep focus on basic mechanistic research (AMPK, dietary restriction, mitochondrial dynamics) in C. elegans and Drosophila. No evidence found of a founder, co-inventor, or company-executive role; web_search on advisory/biotech-board affiliations returned no results in the time available (repeated timeouts), so this remains unconfirmed rather than a definitive 'no company affiliation found' -- flagged for a future follow-up pass." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": null, "companies": [], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [], "notes": "No founder/exec role or company funding identified. Mair's career is grant-funded academic research (NIH/NIA and similar); no specific major grant total dollar figure was independently verified this pass." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (self-estimate, single model, not a true ensemble)", "estimate_years": 0.08, "range_low": 0, "range_high": 0.4, "reasoning": "Mair's AMPK/CRTC-1/dietary-restriction mechanistic work is foundational and well-cited within the basic-science understanding of nutrient-sensing longevity pathways, directly informing the rationale for AMPK-activator and dietary-restriction-mimetic drug programs pursued by others (e.g. metformin-related AMPK pathway research), but he has no direct drug program or company of his own; near-term human lifespan impact is effectively zero, with only long-term indirect potential via mechanistic insights others may translate." } ], "median_years": 0.08, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. Only one model was used in this sub-agent pass; a true multi-model ensemble is a planned refinement step." }, "researcher_notes": "Mair is a solid, well-established mid-to-senior academic (h-index 36, ~13,100 citations) with a very tight, mechanistically rigorous research focus on AMPK/CRTC-1/mitochondrial-dynamics pathways linking nutrient sensing to lifespan, primarily in C. elegans with some Drosophila work (earlier career with Linda Partridge). Notably was a postdoc with Andrew Dillin (also in this research project's broader cohort) before establishing his own lab. No drug discovery or funding-raised role confirmed, though this dimension could not be fully ruled out due to repeated web_search timeouts on advisory-board queries; flagged for future follow-up given his prominence and Harvard Healthy Aging Initiative directorship, which often correlates with industry advisory relationships for senior geroscience faculty." }, { "slug": "yousin-suh", "name": "Yousin Suh", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier1", "source_count": 2, "sources": [ "agingbiotech", "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 1.5, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info", "academic_output": { "h_index": 59, "citations_total": 12834, "source": "Google Scholar (manual lookup)", "source_url": "https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=PYS8zpkAAAAJ&hl=en", "as_of": "2026-09-28", "confidence": "high", "notes": "OpenAlex API was rate-limited network-wide for the entire session, so no OpenAlex disambiguation was possible. Verified via web_search-reported Google Scholar summary (h-index 59, i10-index 126, ~12,834 total citations, 45/92 since-2021 figures) and independently confirmed by directly fetching the Google Scholar profile page, which lists a topically consistent publication record (IGF1R centenarian mutations, telomerase/telomere length, genome instability, SIRT6 variants) matching her role as Charles and Marie Robertson Professor of Reproductive Sciences and Professor of Genetics & Development, Columbia University, Director of the Reproductive Aging Program. Note: a second, different Google Scholar user ID (txAXd_AAAAAJ) also surfaced in search results; the profile fetched and used here (PYS8zpkAAAAJ) was confirmed as the correct match based on paper content (IGF1R centenarian work, Barzilai/Atzmon co-authorship, Vijg collaboration) matching her known career history." }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Genetics of Human Longevity (GWAS, centenarian studies)", "discovery": "Led the landmark discovery (Suh et al., PNAS 2008, ~955 citations, with Nir Barzilai and Gil Atzmon) that rare functional heterozygous mutations in the IGF-1 receptor (IGF1R, specifically A37T and R407H) are significantly enriched in female Ashkenazi Jewish centenarians, and demonstrated via cellular assays that these mutations partially reduce IGF1R signaling; this was the first study to translate the insulin/IGF-1 longevity pathway (established in yeast, worms, flies, and mice) into confirmed functional human genetic evidence.", "year": "2008", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18316725/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Telomere Attrition", "discovery": "Co-authored (Atzmon et al., PNAS 2010, ~334 citations) the discovery that specific genetic variants in human telomerase (hTERT) are associated with longer telomere length specifically in Ashkenazi Jewish centenarians and their offspring, linking a defined genetic mechanism to the maintenance of telomere length as a marker/mediator of exceptional human longevity.", "year": "2010", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20080667/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Genomic Instability & DNA Damage", "discovery": "Published influential syntheses and primary research (Vijg & Suh, Annual Review of Physiology 2013; Milholland et al., Nature Communications 2017) establishing genome instability and differential somatic mutation accumulation rates between germline and soma as core drivers of organismal aging, and more recently characterized rare human centenarian SIRT6 variants (2022/2025) that enhance genome stability via improved DNA repair and Lamin A interaction.", "year": "2013", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23043249/", "confidence": "high" } ], "drug_discovery": { "candidates": [], "notes": "No drug discovery output found as a founder/co-inventor of a specific named clinical-stage candidate. Suh is an academic geneticist (Columbia University) whose IGF1R centenarian findings are widely cited as supporting evidence for IGF-1-pathway-targeting longevity drug programs pursued by other groups/companies, but no evidence found that she herself founded or holds an executive/inventor role at such a company. She was appointed to the Scientific Advisory Board of Elysium Health in 2026 (a longevity supplement company, not a drug/clinical company; its flagship product 'Basis' is an NAD+ precursor dietary supplement, not an FDA-regulated drug candidate); she is explicitly not a founder of Elysium (founded 2014 by Eric Marcotulli, Dan Alminana, and Leonard Guarente)." }, "funding_raised": { "as_founder_or_exec_usd_m": null, "companies": [], "major_grants_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [], "notes": "No founder/exec fundraising role identified; her advisory role at Elysium Health (2026 appointment) is an unpaid/consulting scientific advisory board seat, not a founder/executive position, and no specific dollar figure attributable to her personally was found. No specific major individual grant total was independently verified this pass." }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (self-estimate, single model, not a true ensemble)", "estimate_years": 0.15, "range_low": 0, "range_high": 0.6, "reasoning": "Suh's IGF1R centenarian mutation discovery is one of the most important pieces of human genetic evidence validating the insulin/IGF-1 longevity pathway across species, directly informing the rationale for IGF-1-pathway-modulating drug and supplement programs elsewhere in the field, but she has no direct drug program of her own; near-term human lifespan impact is effectively zero, with only indirect, field-validating influence on others' translational efforts (including her own advisory input to Elysium Health's NAD+/reproductive-aging research direction)." } ], "median_years": 0.15, "caveat": "This is a speculative model-generated estimate, not a measured outcome. Only one model was used in this sub-agent pass; a true multi-model ensemble is a planned refinement step." }, "researcher_notes": "Suh is a well-established, strongly-cited academic geneticist (h-index 59, ~12,800 citations) whose IGF1R centenarian discovery is a landmark, frequently-cited piece of evidence for the human relevance of the insulin/IGF-1 longevity pathway. Recent career expansion into reproductive/ovarian aging as a marker of systemic aging (now Director of Columbia's Reproductive Aging Program) is reflected in her 2026 Elysium Health Scientific Advisory Board appointment; this is correctly attributed as an advisory role, not a founder position, and Elysium's product (Basis, an NAD+ supplement) is explicitly noted as a supplement rather than a drug candidate to avoid overstating drug_discovery output. No conflicting information found; minor note that two distinct Google Scholar profile IDs surfaced in search results, the correct one was identified and used based on paper-content cross-referencing." }, { "slug": "adam-freund", "name": "Adam Freund", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier2", "source_count": 1, "sources": [ "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": null, "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": false, "source_score": null, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info" }, { "slug": "aksana-labokha", "name": "Aksana Labokha", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier2", "source_count": 1, "sources": [ "agingbiotech" ], "company_affiliation": "Rejuveron", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": false, "source_score": 0.0, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info" }, { "slug": "alan-cohen", "name": "Alan Cohen", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier2", "source_count": 1, "sources": [ "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": null, "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": false, "source_score": null, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info" }, { "slug": "alessandro-cellerino", "name": "Alessandro Cellerino", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier2", "source_count": 1, "sources": [ "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": null, "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": false, "source_score": null, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info" }, { "slug": "alessandro-ori", "name": "Alessandro Ori", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier2", "source_count": 1, "sources": [ "agingbiotech" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": false, "source_score": 1.0, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info" }, { "slug": "alex-bokov", "name": "Alex Bokov", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier2", "source_count": 1, "sources": [ "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": null, "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": false, "source_score": null, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info" }, { "slug": "alex-colville", "name": "Alex Colville", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier2", "source_count": 1, "sources": [ "agingbiotech" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": false, "source_score": 0.0, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info" }, { "slug": "alex-dobrin", "name": "Alex Dobrin", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier2", "source_count": 1, "sources": [ "agingbiotech" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": false, "source_score": 0.0, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info" }, { "slug": "alex-freitas", "name": "Alex Freitas", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier2", "source_count": 1, "sources": [ "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": null, "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": false, "source_score": null, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info" }, { "slug": "alex-morgan", "name": "Alex Morgan", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier2", "source_count": 1, "sources": [ "unfilteredonline" ], "company_affiliation": null, "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": false, "source_score": null, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info" }, { "slug": "alex-trapp", "name": "Alex Trapp", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier2", "source_count": 1, "sources": [ "agingbiotech" ], "company_affiliation": "Retro", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": false, "source_score": 1.0, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info" }, { "slug": "alexander-burkle", "name": "Alexander Burkle", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier2", "source_count": 1, "sources": [ "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": null, "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": false, "source_score": null, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info" }, { "slug": "alexander-khalyavkin", "name": "Alexander Khalyavkin", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier2", "source_count": 1, "sources": [ "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": null, "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": false, "source_score": null, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info" }, { "slug": "alexander-m-vaiserman", "name": "Alexander M. Vaiserman", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier2", "source_count": 1, "sources": [ "agingbiotech" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": false, "source_score": 1.5, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info" }, { "slug": "alexandra-bause", "name": "Alexandra Bause", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier2", "source_count": 1, "sources": [ "agingbiotech" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": false, "source_score": 0.0, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info" }, { "slug": "alexandra-stolzing", "name": "Alexandra Stolzing", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier2", "source_count": 1, "sources": [ "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": null, "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": false, "source_score": null, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info" }, { "slug": "alexandre-quintanilha", "name": "Alexandre Quintanilha", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier2", "source_count": 1, "sources": [ "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": null, "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": false, "source_score": null, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info" }, { "slug": "alexei-a-maklakov", "name": "Alexei A. Maklakov", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier2", "source_count": 1, "sources": [ "agingbiotech" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": false, "source_score": 1.5, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info" }, { "slug": "alexei-maklakov", "name": "Alexei Maklakov", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier2", "source_count": 1, "sources": [ "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": null, "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": false, "source_score": null, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info" }, { "slug": "alexey-a-moskalev", "name": "Alexey A. Moskalev", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier2", "source_count": 1, "sources": [ "agingbiotech" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": false, "source_score": 2.0, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info" }, { "slug": "alexey-moskalev", "name": "Alexey Moskalev", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier2", "source_count": 1, "sources": [ "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": null, "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": false, "source_score": null, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info" }, { "slug": "alice-kane", "name": "Alice Kane", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier2", "source_count": 1, "sources": [ "agingbiotech" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": false, "source_score": 1.0, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info" }, { "slug": "alicia-jackson", "name": "Alicia Jackson", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier2", "source_count": 1, "sources": [ "unfilteredonline" ], "company_affiliation": null, "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": false, "source_score": null, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info" }, { "slug": "allan-goldstein", "name": "Allan Goldstein", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier2", "source_count": 1, "sources": [ "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": null, "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": false, "source_score": null, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info" }, { "slug": "allen-law", "name": "Allen Law", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier2", "source_count": 1, "sources": [ "unfilteredonline" ], "company_affiliation": null, "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": false, "source_score": null, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info" }, { "slug": "alvaro", "name": "Alvaro", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier2", "source_count": 1, "sources": [ "joinlongevity" ], "company_affiliation": null, "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": false, "source_score": null, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info" }, { "slug": "alvaro-macieira-coelho", "name": "Alvaro Macieira-Coelho", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier2", "source_count": 1, "sources": [ "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": null, "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": false, "source_score": null, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info" }, { "slug": "amit-kakar", "name": "Amit Kakar", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier2", "source_count": 1, "sources": [ "unfilteredonline" ], "company_affiliation": null, "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": false, "source_score": null, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info" }, { "slug": "ana-cuervo", "name": "Ana Cuervo", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier2", "source_count": 1, "sources": [ "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": null, "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": false, "source_score": null, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info" }, { "slug": "ana-maria-cuervo", "name": "Ana Maria Cuervo", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier2", "source_count": 1, "sources": [ "unfilteredonline" ], "company_affiliation": null, "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": false, "source_score": null, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info" }, { "slug": "anders-sandberg", "name": "Anders Sandberg", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier2", "source_count": 1, "sources": [ "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": null, "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": false, "source_score": null, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info" }, { "slug": "andrei-seluanov", "name": "Andrei Seluanov", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier2", "source_count": 1, "sources": [ "agingbiotech" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": false, "source_score": 1.5, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info" }, { "slug": "andres-kriete", "name": "Andres Kriete", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier2", "source_count": 1, "sources": [ "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": null, "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": false, "source_score": null, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info" }, { "slug": "andrew-brack", "name": "Andrew Brack", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier2", "source_count": 1, "sources": [ "agingbiotech" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": false, "source_score": 1.0, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info" }, { "slug": "andrew-d-huberman", "name": "Andrew D. Huberman", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier2", "source_count": 1, "sources": [ "agingbiotech" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": false, "source_score": 1.0, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info" }, { "slug": "andrew-huberman", "name": "Andrew Huberman", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier2", "source_count": 1, "sources": [ "unfilteredonline" ], "company_affiliation": null, "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": false, "source_score": null, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info" }, { "slug": "andrew-j-scott", "name": "Andrew J. 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Gladyshev", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier2", "source_count": 1, "sources": [ "agingbiotech" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": false, "source_score": 2.0, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info" }, { "slug": "venki-ramakrishnan", "name": "Venki Ramakrishnan", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier2", "source_count": 1, "sources": [ "agingbiotech" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": false, "source_score": 0.0, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info" }, { "slug": "vijay-pande-and-daisy-wolf", "name": "Vijay Pande and Daisy Wolf", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier2", "source_count": 1, "sources": [ "unfilteredonline" ], "company_affiliation": null, "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": false, "source_score": null, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info" }, { "slug": "viktor-korolchuk", "name": "Viktor Korolchuk", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier2", "source_count": 1, "sources": [ "agingbiotech" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": false, "source_score": 1.0, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info" }, { "slug": "vilhelm-a-bohr", "name": "Vilhelm A Bohr", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier2", "source_count": 1, "sources": [ "agingbiotech" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": false, "source_score": 1.5, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info" }, { "slug": "vilhelm-bohr", "name": "Vilhelm Bohr", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier2", "source_count": 1, "sources": [ "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": null, "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": false, "source_score": null, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info" }, { "slug": "vincent-mouly", "name": "Vincent Mouly", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier2", "source_count": 1, "sources": [ "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": null, "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": false, "source_score": null, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info" }, { "slug": "vinod-khosla", "name": "Vinod Khosla", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier2", "source_count": 1, "sources": [ "unfilteredonline" ], "company_affiliation": null, "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": false, "source_score": null, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info" }, { "slug": "virginia-lee", "name": "Virginia Lee", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier2", "source_count": 1, "sources": [ "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": null, "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": false, "source_score": null, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info" }, { "slug": "vitaly-ponomarev", "name": "Vitaly Ponomarev", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier2", "source_count": 1, "sources": [ "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": null, "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": false, "source_score": null, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info" }, { "slug": "vittorio-sebastiano", "name": "Vittorio Sebastiano", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier2", "source_count": 1, "sources": [ "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": null, "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": false, "source_score": null, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info" }, { "slug": "vladimir-anisimov", "name": "Vladimir Anisimov", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier2", "source_count": 1, "sources": [ "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": null, "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": false, "source_score": null, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info" }, { "slug": "walter-fontana", "name": "Walter Fontana", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier2", "source_count": 1, "sources": [ "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": null, "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": false, "source_score": null, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info" }, { "slug": "will-ahmed", "name": "Will Ahmed", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier2", "source_count": 1, "sources": [ "unfilteredonline" ], "company_affiliation": null, "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": false, "source_score": null, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info" }, { "slug": "william-b-mair", "name": "William B. Mair", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier2", "source_count": 1, "sources": [ "agingbiotech" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": false, "source_score": 1.5, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info" }, { "slug": "william-bains", "name": "William Bains", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier2", "source_count": 1, "sources": [ "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": null, "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": false, "source_score": null, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info" }, { "slug": "william-burhans", "name": "William Burhans", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier2", "source_count": 1, "sources": [ "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": null, "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": false, "source_score": null, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info" }, { "slug": "william-greene", "name": "William Greene", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier2", "source_count": 1, "sources": [ "agingbiotech" ], "company_affiliation": "", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": false, "source_score": 0.0, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info" }, { "slug": "william-haseltine", "name": "William Haseltine", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier2", "source_count": 1, "sources": [ "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": null, "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": false, "source_score": null, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info" }, { "slug": "william-keyes", "name": "William Keyes", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier2", "source_count": 1, "sources": [ "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": null, "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": false, "source_score": null, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info" }, { "slug": "william-sonntag", "name": "William Sonntag", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier2", "source_count": 1, "sources": [ "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": null, "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": false, "source_score": null, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info" }, { "slug": "williams-dylan", "name": "Williams Dylan", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier2", "source_count": 1, "sources": [ "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": null, "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": false, "source_score": null, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info" }, { "slug": "wolf-reik", "name": "Wolf Reik", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier2", "source_count": 1, "sources": [ "agingbiotech" ], "company_affiliation": "Altos Labs", "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": false, "source_score": 0.0, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info" }, { "slug": "yasuhiro-furuichi", "name": "Yasuhiro Furuichi", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier2", "source_count": 1, "sources": [ "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": null, "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": false, "source_score": null, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info" }, { "slug": "yves-barral", "name": "Yves Barral", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier2", "source_count": 1, "sources": [ "senescence_whoswho" ], "company_affiliation": null, "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": false, "source_score": null, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info" }, { "slug": "yvonne-greenstreet", "name": "Yvonne Greenstreet", "alt_names": [], "tier": "tier2", "source_count": 1, "sources": [ "unfilteredonline" ], "company_affiliation": null, "deceased": false, "has_deep_research": false, "source_score": null, "source_score_label": "AgingBiotech.info" } ], "companies": [ { "slug": "altos-labs", "name": "Altos Labs", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "pre-clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2021", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 9.75, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": true, "verified": true, "source_score": 87.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 83, "source_score_k3": 92, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output": { "aggregate_founder_h_index": null, "notes": "Altos has a large scientific leadership team (Hal Barron, Rick Klausner, Hans Bishop as corporate leadership; Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte, Wolf Reik, Jodi Nunnari as scientific leads plus ~22 PIs as of Jul'24 per baseline). This is a distributed 'Bell Labs' model rather than a single founder-scientist, so an aggregated founder h-index is not a meaningful single number without duplicating a large independent effort; none of the named individuals are in our current Tier 1 people-research batch. Recommend a dedicated follow-up pass if founder-level academic attribution is wanted (Belmonte in particular has a very high h-index from his Salk Institute reprogramming work).", "company_publication_count": null, "source_urls": [] }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "In Vivo Partial Reprogramming", "discovery": "Core company platform is cell rejuvenation via partial/epigenetic reprogramming using Yamanaka factors (OSKM). Internally reported (Rick Klausner, July 2024) that a single injection of an OSKM-based reprogramming formulation extended lifespan of old mice by approximately 25% in a ~1,000-mouse study; this result has not been published in a peer-reviewed paper as of this research pass, so it remains a company claim rather than an independently verified finding.", "year": "2024", "evidence_url": "data/companies/altos-labs.md (agingbiotech.info notes, citing Klausner statement)", "confidence": "low" }, { "area": "Cellular Reprogramming (iPSC, partial reprogramming)", "discovery": "Acquired Dorian Therapeutics (Stanford spinout) in 2025, expanding into cellular senolytic treatments for age-related disease and broadening the reprogramming/senescence toolkit beyond OSKM alone.", "year": "2025", "evidence_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altos_Labs", "confidence": "medium" } ], "drug_discovery": { "verified_pipeline": [], "cross_check_vs_agingbiotech": "confirms: agingbiotech.info's baseline correctly characterizes Altos as pre-clinical stage as of the scrape date; we found no evidence of any Altos program having entered human clinical trials as of September 2026. The 25% mouse-lifespan-extension claim mentioned in the baseline notes could not be independently verified beyond the original Klausner statement (no peer-reviewed publication identified in this pass).", "notes": "Altos remains an unusually research-heavy, publication-oriented organization (aiming to be the 'Bell Labs of biology') rather than a conventional drug-development pipeline company; as of this research pass it has not disclosed a named clinical drug candidate." }, "funding_raised": { "total_raised_usd_m": 5560, "cross_check_vs_agingbiotech": "confirms, with additional detail: PitchBook data independently corroborates a cumulative total of approximately $5.56B raised, matching the baseline exactly. We also found evidence of a further $1.5B Series C round that closed in February 2024 at a $6.33B post-money valuation, which appears to already be included in or closely aligned with the $5.56B PitchBook cumulative figure (i.e. this may represent additional detail on how the total was reached rather than new capital layered on top of it). Some data providers (e.g. Forge Global) report much higher 'platform-tracked funding and transaction activity' figures (~$11.1B) that likely include secondary-market transaction volume rather than primary capital raised, and should not be treated as directly comparable to the $5.56B figure.", "market_cap_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [ "https://pitchbook.com/profiles/company/472368-07", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altos_Labs" ] }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (single-model estimate)", "estimate_years": 0.5, "range_low": 0.0, "range_high": 3.0, "reasoning": "Altos is extremely well-funded and scientifically ambitious, with a credible internal mouse lifespan-extension signal (unpublished, 25% claim) building on Sinclair/Belmonte-lineage reprogramming science, but it remains pre-clinical with no disclosed drug candidate in humans. If partial reprogramming eventually translates safely to humans it could be one of the higher-upside programs in this batch, but the range reflects very high uncertainty given zero clinical validation to date and known safety concerns (teratoma risk, off-target reprogramming) that have not yet been resolved in a public dataset." } ], "median_years": 0.5, "caveat": "Speculative model-generated estimate, not measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "Funding figure was the most independently verifiable data point for Altos (private company, minimal disclosure); PitchBook's $5.56B matches the baseline precisely. Pipeline claims are much harder to verify since Altos has not publicly disclosed a lead clinical candidate; the company's core lifespan-extension evidence (25% in mice) rests on a single unpublished executive statement, not a peer-reviewed paper, and should be treated cautiously.", "has_correction": false }, { "slug": "alnylam", "name": "Alnylam", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "FDA approved", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2002", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 5.66, "public": "yes", "has_deep_research": true, "verified": true, "source_score": 86.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 84, "source_score_k3": 88, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output": { "aggregate_founder_h_index": null, "notes": "Alnylam was founded by RNAi pioneers including Phillip Sharp (Nobel laureate, RNAi/splicing), John Constable, and others, drawing on academic RNAi discovery work by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello (2006 Nobel Prize in Physiology/Medicine for RNAi mechanism). Current listed 'key team' (Yvonne Greenstreet CEO, Kevin Fitzgerald CSO) are company executives whose academic h-index was not independently pursued given time budget; the deeper scientific pedigree traces to the founding scientific advisory board rather than current leadership.", "company_publication_count": null, "source_urls": [ "https://www.alnylam.com" ] }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Loss of Proteostasis", "discovery": "Alnylam pioneered clinical translation of RNA interference (siRNA) as a therapeutic modality, delivering the field's first-ever FDA-approved siRNA drug (Onpattro/patisiran, 2018) to silence the TTR gene and reduce production of misfolded transthyretin protein causing amyloidosis. This represents a genuine platform-level breakthrough in proteostasis-targeted therapeutics (silencing production of a disease-causing misfolded protein at the mRNA level, rather than clearing/refolding it after the fact).", "year": "2018", "evidence_url": "https://www.alnylam.com", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Cardiovascular Aging & Disease", "discovery": "Vutrisiran (Amvuttra) extended the TTR-silencing platform to a quarterly subcutaneous formulation, now the company's leading revenue driver, approved for both hereditary and wild-type ATTR amyloidosis including cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM), a major age-related cardiac disease; Q2 2026 sales surpassed $1B quarterly for the first time.", "year": "2022-2026", "evidence_url": "https://investors.alnylam.com/press-release?id=29986", "confidence": "high" } ], "drug_discovery": { "verified_pipeline": [ { "candidate": "Patisiran (Onpattro)", "stage": "approved", "indication": "hATTR amyloidosis (polyneuropathy)", "source_url": "https://www.alnylam.com" }, { "candidate": "Vutrisiran (Amvuttra)", "stage": "approved", "indication": "ATTR amyloidosis (polyneuropathy and cardiomyopathy)", "source_url": "https://investors.alnylam.com/press-release?id=29986" }, { "candidate": "Inclisiran (Leqvio, partnered with Novartis)", "stage": "approved", "indication": "Hypercholesterolemia (PCSK9 silencing)", "source_url": "data/companies/alnylam.md (baseline product list)" } ], "cross_check_vs_agingbiotech": "confirms (agingbiotech.info's 'FDA approved' clinical stage label and product list (Onpattro, Amvuttra, Leqvio) are independently confirmed via Alnylam investor relations and multiple financial press sources; ticker ALNY and general company status all check out)", "notes": "Amvuttra crossed $1B in quarterly sales for the first time in Q2 2026 (up 106% YoY), a major commercial milestone, though the company also trimmed full-year 2026 revenue guidance downward in July 2026 citing normalization of initial 'pent-up demand' from patients switching from Onpattro, which triggered an $11-12B single-day market cap decline." }, "funding_raised": { "total_raised_usd_m": null, "cross_check_vs_agingbiotech": "confirms qualitatively (agingbiotech.info notes '>$100M' historical private raise before Alnylam's 2004 IPO, which is directionally correct but not a precise figure worth restating as a specific number at this stage; the company has been public and revenue-generating for two decades, making pre-IPO 'total raised' a much less meaningful metric today than market cap/revenue)", "market_cap_usd_m": 34250, "source_urls": [ "https://stockanalysis.com/stocks/alny/market-cap/", "https://investors.alnylam.com/press-release?id=29986", "https://www.tradingview.com/news/tradingview:04cabf3936083:0-alnylam-posts-q2-2026-revenue-1-291b-net-income-164-5m-amvuttra-drives-ttr-growth/" ] }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5 (self-assessment, single model)", "estimate_years": 0.3, "range_low": 0.05, "range_high": 1.0, "reasoning": "Alnylam is borderline as an 'aging company' per agingbiotech.info's own classification: it is a mature, diversified RNAi platform company treating specific age-associated diseases (ATTR amyloidosis, hypercholesterolemia) rather than pursuing hallmark-of-aging biology broadly. Its approved drugs demonstrably extend life/reduce morbidity for the specific ATTR amyloidosis patient population (a real, measured clinical benefit in trials), but this is a narrow disease population rather than a broad population-level aging intervention, so expected population-wide lifespan impact from current approved indications is modest in aggregate terms despite being one of the most clinically de-risked companies in this entire batch." } ], "median_years": 0.3, "caveat": "Speculative model-generated estimate, not measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "Alnylam is the most financially mature and highest-market-cap company in this batch by a wide margin ($34.25B) and has genuinely approved, revenue-generating drugs with clinical trial-demonstrated efficacy, making this one of the highest-confidence verification cases. Its 'aging company' framing is genuinely borderline (as agingbiotech.info itself flags), since its mission and most of its broad pipeline are disease-agnostic RNAi platform expansion rather than aging-biology-first.", "has_correction": false }, { "slug": "insilico-medicine", "name": "InSilico Medicine", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "multiple Phase II, 40+ programs (lead asset rentosertib in Phase III)", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2014", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 4.55, "public": "yes", "has_deep_research": true, "verified": true, "source_score": 82.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 80, "source_score_k3": 85, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output": { "aggregate_founder_h_index": 73, "notes": "See research/people/alex-zhavoronkov.json for founder/CEO academic output detail.", "company_publication_count": 200, "source_urls": [] }, "genuine_discoveries": [], "drug_discovery": { "verified_pipeline": [ { "candidate": "rentosertib (INS018_055 / ISM001-055)", "stage": "phase3", "indication": "idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis", "source_url": "https://insilico.com/news/tnrecuxsc1-insilico-announces-nature-medicine-publi" } ], "cross_check_vs_agingbiotech": "differs (baseline understates pipeline breadth)", "notes": "Pipeline spans over 40 programs, more than half explicitly targeting aging/age-related disease mechanisms, with multiple assets in Phase II across indications including IPF, kidney disease, and cancer." }, "funding_raised": { "total_raised_usd_m": 800, "cross_check_vs_agingbiotech": "differs (baseline field was empty)", "market_cap_usd_m": 3965, "source_urls": [] }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [], "median_years": null, "caveat": "Speculative model-generated estimate, not measured outcome. Not yet computed for this profile." }, "researcher_notes": "Pipeline and funding detail corrected directly by Alex Zhavoronkov (founder/CEO) on 2026-09-29, added to fill a gap in the original agingbiotech.info-derived baseline scrape.", "has_correction": true }, { "slug": "retro-biosciences", "name": "Retro Biosciences", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "ph.1 trials", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2021", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 6.84, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": true, "verified": true, "source_score": 76.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 77, "source_score_k3": 75, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output": { "aggregate_founder_h_index": null, "notes": "Founder Joe Betts-LaCroix already profiled in research/people/joe-betts-lacroix.json; see that file for h-index/academic output rather than duplicating here. Not an academic scientist by primary training (engineer/entrepreneur background); scientific leadership includes recruited academic advisors.", "company_publication_count": null, "source_urls": [ "research/people/joe-betts-lacroix.json" ] }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "In Vivo Partial Reprogramming", "discovery": "Retro's reprogramming program uses Yamanaka-factor-based partial cellular reprogramming, and in Aug 2025 the company announced a joint effort with OpenAI (GPT-4b micro, a specialized protein-language model) to optimize Yamanaka factor variants, reportedly making reprogramming ~50x more efficient in their internal assays. This is a genuine platform-level bioinformatics/AI advance, though the efficiency claim is company-reported and not yet independently peer-reviewed.", "year": "2025", "evidence_url": "https://openai.com (OpenAI/Retro GPT-4b micro announcement, Aug 2025); corroborated by multiple secondary press (gigazine.net, 36kr.com)", "confidence": "medium" }, { "area": "Disabled Macroautophagy", "discovery": "Lead clinical candidate RTR242 is an oral small molecule designed to restore lysosomal acidification/function and reactivate autophagy; entered first-in-human Phase 1 (healthy volunteers) in Australia, first participant dosed ~Dec 2025.", "year": "2025", "evidence_url": "https://www.retro.bio/pipeline ; https://www.fightaging.org/archives/2026/01/retro-biosciences-starts-a-safety-trial-for-an-autophagy-promoter/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Hematopoietic Stem Cell Aging", "discovery": "Collaboration with Murdoch Children's Research Institute on autologous iPSC-derived HSC reprogramming to rejuvenate the aged immune system; still preclinical as of research date.", "year": "2024-2025", "evidence_url": "https://www.retro.bio/science", "confidence": "medium" } ], "drug_discovery": { "verified_pipeline": [ { "candidate": "RTR242", "stage": "phase1", "indication": "Alzheimer's disease / neurodegeneration (autophagy/lysosomal restoration); healthy-volunteer safety trial as first-in-human step", "source_url": "https://longevity.technology/news/retro-bio-commences-first-in-human-trial/ ; https://www.businessinsider.com/retro-biotech-testing-higher-doses-of-rtr-242-alzheimers-drug-2026-8" }, { "candidate": "Microglia replacement/rejuvenation program", "stage": "preclinical", "indication": "Neuroinflammation / neurodegeneration", "source_url": "https://www.retro.bio/pipeline" }, { "candidate": "HSC reprogramming program", "stage": "preclinical", "indication": "Immune system rejuvenation", "source_url": "https://www.retro.bio/science" }, { "candidate": "Plasma-inspired / blood-borne factor rejuvenation program", "stage": "preclinical", "indication": "Systemic aging", "source_url": "https://www.retro.bio/pipeline" } ], "cross_check_vs_agingbiotech": "differs (agingbiotech.info listed clinical stage as 'ph.1 trials' but also listed 0 clinical trials, which was accurate as of its scrape date; independently verified Retro has since actually initiated a real first-in-human Phase 1 trial for RTR242 in Australia in Dec 2025, so the 'ph.1' label is now substantively confirmed with an actual registered trial where previously it appears to have been aspirational)", "notes": "RTR242 targets autophagy/lysosomal restoration, positioned first for Alzheimer's disease. Cohort was expanded from 76 to 108 participants in the trial by mid-2026 after no major safety signals, allowing higher dose testing." }, "funding_raised": { "total_raised_usd_m": 1180, "cross_check_vs_agingbiotech": "differs (agingbiotech.info's $180M figure reflects only the original 2022 Sam Altman-funded seed round; independently verified Retro has since raised a much larger amount: a ~$1B Series A initiated/closed around Jan 2025 at up to $5B target valuation, plus an additional undisclosed close in May 2026 led by 4P Capital at a $1.8B pre-money valuation. Total raised is now well over $1B, not $180M)", "market_cap_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [ "https://news.crunchbase.com/venture/biggest-rounds-january-2025-ai-data-infinite-anthropic/", "https://www.retro.bio/blog/fundraise-2026", "https://thegputrade.com/news/retro-biosciences-hits-18b-valuation-as-alzheimers-trial-adva-b6qv4bl6/" ] }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5 (self-assessment, single model)", "estimate_years": 0.5, "range_low": 0.1, "range_high": 2.5, "reasoning": "Retro's most advanced clinical program (RTR242) is still in a healthy-volunteer Phase 1 safety trial for a lysosomal/autophagy-restoring small molecule, with disease-modifying efficacy in Alzheimer's or broader aging completely unproven in humans. Preclinical/discovery-stage programs (reprogramming, microglia, HSC, plasma factors) are earlier still. Given the huge scientific ambition (a credible multi-pronged hallmarks-of-aging platform with elite funding and AI-driven target optimization) but near-zero human efficacy data, expected population-level healthspan/lifespan impact within the next decade is speculative and likely minimal to modest even in a success scenario, given long drug development timelines." } ], "median_years": 0.5, "caveat": "Speculative model-generated estimate, not measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "Well-documented company with heavy press coverage due to Sam Altman backing and OpenAI partnership. Funding and pipeline claims independently confirmed via multiple reputable secondary sources (Crunchbase, Business Insider, retro.bio itself, fightaging.org). Main correction vs agingbiotech.info baseline: funding figure is drastically outdated ($180M vs >$1B) and clinical trial count (0 -> now has an actual registered Phase 1). No fabrication; all figures traceable to cited sources.", "has_correction": true }, { "slug": "calico", "name": "Calico", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "ph.2 trials", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2013", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 12.74, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": true, "verified": true, "source_score": 75.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 75, "source_score_k3": 75, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output": { "aggregate_founder_h_index": 80, "notes": "Calico was founded/funded by Google/Alphabet with Arthur D. Levinson as CEO (not primarily an academic founder). Cynthia Kenyon, VP of Aging Research since 2014, is the scientifically notable figure; her h-index (80, OpenAlex, 40,223 citations) is already documented at research/people/cynthia-kenyon.json. Not duplicating that analysis here.", "company_publication_count": null, "source_urls": [ "research/people/cynthia-kenyon.json" ] }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Neurodegenerative Drug Discovery", "discovery": "Developed fosigotifator (ABBV-CLS-7262), an oral, brain-penetrant small-molecule activator of eIF2B designed to restore the integrated stress response (ISR) and normalize neuronal protein synthesis; tested in the HEALEY ALS Platform Trial (Regimen F) and separately for vanishing white matter disease (a genetic eIF2B-mutation disorder).", "year": "2020-2025", "evidence_url": "https://www.calicolabs.com/press/calico-statement-on-fosigotifator-in-healey-als-platform-trial/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Deregulated Nutrient Sensing (mTOR/AMPK/IGF-1)", "discovery": "Company mission builds directly on Cynthia Kenyon's foundational daf-2/insulin-IGF-1 signaling discovery (see research/people/cynthia-kenyon.json); Calico's broad R&D platform investigates nutrient-sensing and cell-stress pathways relevant to aging, though the company has not publicly disclosed specific novel discoveries beyond fosigotifator/eIF2B.", "year": "2013-2026", "evidence_url": "https://www.calicolabs.com/", "confidence": "low" } ], "drug_discovery": { "verified_pipeline": [ { "candidate": "Fosigotifator (ABBV-CLS-7262)", "stage": "phase2/3 (failed primary endpoint, ALS)", "indication": "ALS (HEALEY Platform Trial Regimen F)", "source_url": "https://www.neurologylive.com/view/fosigotifator-fails-to-meet-end-points-in-healey-als-platform-trial" }, { "candidate": "Fosigotifator (ABBV-CLS-7262)", "stage": "phase2", "indication": "Vanishing white matter disease (accepted into FDA START pilot program)", "source_url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/calico-life-sciences-announces-that-fosigotifator-abbv-cls-7262-for-vanishing-white-matter-disease-has-been-selected-for-the-fda-start-pilot-program-302166753.html" } ], "cross_check_vs_agingbiotech": "differs (explain): agingbiotech.info listed clinical stage as 'ph.2 trials' with 10 trials, targeting ALS, cancer, and vanishing white matter via eIF2B. We independently confirmed the eIF2B/fosigotifator program (ALS + VWM) via Calico's own press releases and neurology trade press, but found a major update the baseline did not capture: fosigotifator FAILED its primary and key secondary endpoints in the HEALEY ALS Platform Trial (topline results January 2025), and AbbVie terminated its entire 11-year, $1.75B+ R&D collaboration with Calico in November 2025 following this and other pipeline setbacks. AbbVie wound down ALS/MDD trials; Calico retained sole responsibility for the VWM program, which continues.", "notes": "The AbbVie termination is a major, decision-relevant event not reflected in the baseline scrape (which still lists an active AbbVie deal worth up to $2,500M in deal value). Cancer-related pipeline elements referenced in the baseline could not be independently verified in this pass; Calico has historically disclosed very little about its broader pipeline beyond the AbbVie-partnered eIF2B programs." }, "funding_raised": { "total_raised_usd_m": 2500, "cross_check_vs_agingbiotech": "could not verify: Calico is a private company (Alphabet-backed) that does not disclose independent audited total-raised figures; the $2,500M figure is agingbiotech.info's own estimate/aggregation (likely combining initial Google/Alphabet commitment with AbbVie deal value) and we could not find an independent primary source (e.g. SEC filing, press release) stating a single 'total raised' number. We can independently confirm the AbbVie relationship itself: AbbVie invested/committed more than $1.75 billion into Calico's pipeline over the 11-year partnership (2014-2025) per FierceBiotech's November 2025 termination coverage, which is a different and lower figure than the '$2,000-2,500M deal value' figures in the baseline scrape, suggesting the baseline may be counting theoretical milestone-laden deal value rather than capital actually deployed.", "market_cap_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [ "https://www.fiercebiotech.com/biotech/abbvie-cuts-ties-calico-100-scientists-after-11-year-partnership", "https://endpoints.news/abbvie-alphabets-calico-end-11-year-partnership-in-aging-research/" ] }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (single-model estimate)", "estimate_years": 0.1, "range_low": 0.0, "range_high": 0.3, "reasoning": "Calico's flagship, most clinically advanced program (fosigotifator for ALS) failed its primary and secondary endpoints in a rigorous platform trial in January 2025, and the company's main pharma partner (AbbVie) exited the relationship in November 2025. The residual VWM program targets an ultra-rare genetic disease and would not measurably move population lifespan even if approved. Calico's broader aging-biology research mission has generated foundational science (via Kenyon and others) but no drug close to approval for a common age-related condition. Near-term population-level lifespan impact is essentially zero; long-run impact depends entirely on undisclosed, unproven pipeline elements." } ], "median_years": 0.1, "caveat": "Speculative model-generated estimate, not measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "Most significant finding: the AbbVie-Calico partnership (agingbiotech.info's primary funding/deal-value driver for this company) ended in November 2025 after the fosigotifator ALS trial failed. This is a material downgrade relative to the baseline profile, which still presents an active, richly-funded AbbVie collaboration. Recommend flagging data/companies/calico.md for update. Founder/leadership academic output already covered via Cynthia Kenyon's dedicated person file; not duplicated here per spec instruction.", "has_correction": true }, { "slug": "newlimit", "name": "NewLimit", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "pre-clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2022", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 3.61, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 72.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 72, "source_score_k3": 72, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "bioage-labs", "name": "BioAge Labs", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "ph.2 trials", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2015", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 10.28, "public": "yes", "has_deep_research": true, "verified": true, "source_score": 71.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 72, "source_score_k3": 70, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output": { "aggregate_founder_h_index": 21, "notes": "Co-founder/CEO Kristen Fortney's academic output (h-index 21, 1,755 citations, OpenAlex) is already documented at research/people/kristen-fortney.json. Not duplicating that analysis here.", "company_publication_count": null, "source_urls": [ "research/people/kristen-fortney.json" ] }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Musculoskeletal Aging (Osteoporosis, Sarcopenia)", "discovery": "Via analysis of decades-long human longitudinal biobank data, identified that circulating apelin (APJ pathway ligand, an 'exerkine' induced by exercise) correlates with healthy longevity and physical function in older individuals, motivating in-licensing of azelaprag (an APJ agonist originally developed by Amgen) for clinical testing in muscle-preservation/obesity indications.", "year": "2020-2023", "evidence_url": "https://insights.citeline.com/in-vivo/leadership/c-suite-speaks/inside-bioage-kristen-fortney-on-aging-research-breakthroughs-NPP46HJDB5ARTCUGQPHW4QBQXE/", "confidence": "medium" }, { "area": "Chronic Inflammation (Inflammaging) Mechanisms", "discovery": "Developed BGE-102, an oral, brain-penetrant NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor targeting chronic inflammasome activation as a driver of metabolic, cardiovascular, and neuroinflammatory aging; became BioAge's lead clinical program after azelaprag's discontinuation.", "year": "2024-2026", "evidence_url": "https://bioagelabs.com/nlrp3", "confidence": "medium" } ], "drug_discovery": { "verified_pipeline": [ { "candidate": "Azelaprag (BGE-105)", "stage": "discontinued (was phase2)", "indication": "Obesity/muscle preservation (with tirzepatide)", "source_url": "https://www.fiercebiotech.com/biotech/bioages-phase-2-obesity-study-derailed-liver-side-effects-2-months-after-ipo" }, { "candidate": "BGE-102", "stage": "phase2", "indication": "Neuroinflammation, cardiovascular risk (QUELL-CV), diabetic macular edema (QUELL-DME)", "source_url": "https://bioagelabs.com/nlrp3" } ], "cross_check_vs_agingbiotech": "differs (explain): agingbiotech.info's baseline (scraped 2026-09-28) lists clinical stage as 'ph.2 trials' with lead targets 'APJ, NLRP3' for obesity/muscle atrophy/neuroinflammation and a Novartis deal worth $530M plus Lilly involvement, with no mention that the lead APJ asset failed. We independently confirmed via FierceBiotech, BioPharma Dive, and BioAge's own press materials that azelaprag (the APJ agonist, partnered with Lilly for a STRIDES Phase 2 trial combining it with tirzepatide) was discontinued in December 2024 / formally terminated January 2025 after 11 of 204 participants showed liver transaminase elevations; a second planned Phase 2 trial (with Novo Nordisk's semaglutide) was cancelled as a result. BioAge's stock (BIOA) fell sharply on the news, roughly two months after its September 2024 IPO. The company pivoted its lead focus to BGE-102 (NLRP3 inhibitor), now in Phase 2 (QUELL-CV, QUELL-DME).", "notes": "The Novartis partnership (up to $550M per FierceBiotech/PharmaVoice reporting, vs. $530M in the baseline scrape, a close but not identical figure, likely different snapshots of the same deal) for target discovery in aging/exercise biology was confirmed independently and remains active. The baseline's presentation of APJ as a still-viable lead target is now outdated." }, "funding_raised": { "total_raised_usd_m": 294, "cross_check_vs_agingbiotech": "could not verify precisely: BioAge went public on NASDAQ (BIOA) in September 2024; as a public company its financials are SEC-disclosed, but we did not pull the exact cumulative-capital-raised figure from a 10-K/prospectus in this pass. The $294M pre-IPO figure and $324M market cap in the baseline are plausible for a company of BioAge's IPO size and stage but were not independently re-derived from a primary filing here.", "market_cap_usd_m": 324, "source_urls": [ "https://www.tradingcalendar.com/post/bioage-labs-bioa-ipo", "https://www.pharmavoice.com/news/obesity-bioage-labs-novartis-aging/737882/" ] }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (single-model estimate)", "estimate_years": 0.1, "range_low": 0.0, "range_high": 0.4, "reasoning": "BioAge's most advanced clinical asset (azelaprag) failed on safety grounds before showing efficacy in its pivotal Phase 2 trial, and its human-biobank discovery approach is scientifically interesting but has not yet produced an approved therapy. BGE-102 is only in Phase 2. The Novartis collaboration could eventually yield validated aging-relevant targets, but that is speculative and multi-year out. Near-term measured lifespan impact is essentially zero." } ], "median_years": 0.1, "caveat": "Speculative model-generated estimate, not measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "Significant discrepancy found and confirmed via multiple independent trade-press sources (FierceBiotech, BioPharma Dive, natlawreview.com): the azelaprag/APJ program that anchors the baseline profile's pipeline description was discontinued for safety reasons in Dec 2024/Jan 2025, roughly two months post-IPO. This is a materially different pipeline status than what agingbiotech.info's scrape reflects. Recommend flagging data/companies/bioage-labs.md for update.", "has_correction": true }, { "slug": "life-biosciences", "name": "Life Biosciences", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "pre-clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2017", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 6.94, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": true, "verified": true, "source_score": 71.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 72, "source_score_k3": 70, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output": { "aggregate_founder_h_index": 116, "notes": "Co-founder David Sinclair's academic output (h-index 116, 85,970 citations, OpenAlex) is already documented in detail at research/people/david-sinclair.json, including his role in Life Biosciences specifically (ER-100 program). Not duplicating that analysis here.", "company_publication_count": null, "source_urls": [ "research/people/david-sinclair.json" ] }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "In Vivo Partial Reprogramming", "discovery": "Developed ER-100, an AAV-delivered, doxycycline-inducible partial epigenetic reprogramming gene therapy using OSK (Oct4/Sox2/Klf4, omitting oncogenic c-Myc) targeting retinal ganglion cells; built on Sinclair lab's 2020 Nature paper (Lu et al.) showing OSK reprogramming restored vision in mouse models of optic nerve injury and in aged mice, and August 2025 nonhuman primate data showing restored visual function and methylation patterns in optic nerve injury models.", "year": "2020-2026", "evidence_url": "https://www.lifebiosciences.com/life-biosciences-announces-first-patient-dosed-in-phase-1-trial-of-er-100-for-optic-neuropathies/", "confidence": "high" } ], "drug_discovery": { "verified_pipeline": [ { "candidate": "ER-100 (AAV-OSK gene therapy)", "stage": "phase1", "indication": "Open-angle glaucoma and non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION); first patient dosed June 2026 (NCT07290244)", "source_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07290244" } ], "cross_check_vs_agingbiotech": "differs (explain), materially upgraded: the baseline lists clinical stage as 'pre-clinical' targeting OSK/LAMP2A for eye diseases/neuro diseases via gene therapy and small molecules. We independently confirmed a major status change since the likely baseline scrape date: FDA cleared the IND application for ER-100 in January 2026, and Life Biosciences dosed the FIRST PATIENT in its Phase 1 human trial in June 2026, meaning the company's flagship epigenetic-reprogramming program has now entered human clinical testing. This is a first-of-its-kind milestone: ER-100 is described (by company/trade press) as the first-ever cellular rejuvenation therapy using partial epigenetic reprogramming to enter human clinical trials.", "notes": "Trial (NCT07290244) is an open-label, first-in-human Phase 1 study assessing safety/tolerability/immune response as primary endpoints, with exploratory efficacy measures (visual acuity, OCT scans, quality of life) as secondary; long-term follow-up planned for up to 5 years. Ocular delivery (single intravitreal injection) plus 8 weeks of systemic doxycycline as an 'on/off' switch for OSK expression is the specific delivery/control strategy. The company also presented preclinical data (ARDD 2025) on the platform's application to liver disease, suggesting a broader pipeline beyond the eye indications in the baseline." }, "funding_raised": { "total_raised_usd_m": 207, "cross_check_vs_agingbiotech": "could not verify precisely: Life Biosciences is private and does not publicly disclose a frequently-updated total-raised figure; we did not find an independent primary source restating or updating the $207M baseline figure in this pass, though the company's continued ability to fund a Phase 1 trial and multi-indication preclinical work (liver, eye) suggests it has either retained substantial capital from its historical raises or secured additional funding not captured in the baseline, which we could not confirm either way.", "market_cap_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [] }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (single-model estimate)", "estimate_years": 0.3, "range_low": 0.0, "range_high": 1.5, "reasoning": "ER-100's entry into human Phase 1 trials is a genuinely historic first for the partial-reprogramming field and validates a mechanism (OSK-based epigenetic rejuvenation) that many consider among the most promising long-run levers for broad rejuvenation, not just optic-nerve repair. However it targets a narrow ocular indication (a regulatory strategy to get an approvable endpoint, not a direct lifespan claim), is only Phase 1 (safety-focused), and in vivo reprogramming carries known unresolved risks (tumorigenicity/off-target effects) that have not yet been tested at scale in humans. Direct measured lifespan impact today is zero; the long-run optionality if the platform generalizes safely is among the higher-upside scenarios in this batch." } ], "median_years": 0.3, "caveat": "Speculative model-generated estimate, not measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "Significant finding: Life Biosciences has progressed from 'pre-clinical' (per baseline) to dosing its first human patient in a Phase 1 trial (June 2026), a major milestone for the partial-reprogramming field broadly and directly relevant to David Sinclair's dedicated person-file drug_discovery entry, which already correctly reflects this Phase 1 status. Recommend flagging data/companies/life-biosciences.md for a clinical-stage update from 'pre-clinical' to 'phase1'.", "has_correction": true }, { "slug": "eidos-therapeutics", "name": "Eidos Therapeutics", "operating_status": "acquired*", "clinical_stage": "FDA approved", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2016", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 1.31, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 71.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 68, "source_score_k3": 74, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "loyal", "name": "Loyal", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "vet clinical trials", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2019", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 4.32, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 70.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 72, "source_score_k3": 68, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "juvenescence", "name": "Juvenescence", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "commercial, ph.2 trials*", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2016", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 9.4, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": true, "verified": true, "source_score": 67.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 75, "source_score_k3": 60, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output": { "aggregate_founder_h_index": null, "notes": "Juvenescence is a hub-and-spoke holding/investment company (co-founded by Jim Mellon, a financier/investor, and Dr. Greg Bailey, a physician-entrepreneur; Richard Marshall is CEO) rather than a single-scientist academic spinout, so an aggregated founder h-index is not the most informative metric here. None of the named leaders are in our current Tier 1 people-research batch.", "company_publication_count": null, "source_urls": [] }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Organ Regeneration", "discovery": "Portfolio company LyGenesis developed a platform using a patient's own lymph nodes as in vivo bioreactors to grow functional ectopic organs; lead candidate LYG-LIV-001 injects donor hepatocytes (from otherwise-unusable donor livers) via endoscopic ultrasound into upper abdominal lymph nodes, where they engraft and grow into miniature functioning livers, potentially allowing one donor liver to treat up to ~75 patients.", "year": "2024-2025", "evidence_url": "https://www.lygenesis.com/media/press-releases/data-and-safety-monitoring-board-approves-lygenesiss-phase-2a-clinical-trial-to-continue-and-dose-escalate-in-novel-trial-of-organ-regeneration/", "confidence": "high" } ], "drug_discovery": { "verified_pipeline": [ { "candidate": "LYG-LIV-001 (LyGenesis)", "stage": "phase2", "indication": "End-stage liver disease (ESLD), via ectopic lymph-node liver regeneration", "source_url": "https://www.lygenesis.com/media/press-releases/data-and-safety-monitoring-board-approves-lygenesiss-phase-2a-clinical-trial-to-continue-and-dose-escalate-in-novel-trial-of-organ-regeneration/" } ], "cross_check_vs_agingbiotech": "confirms: the baseline notes '*Subco LyGenesis in ph.2a; in-house program in ph.1 as of Dec'24' which we independently corroborated. LyGenesis's Phase 2a trial (NCT04496479) dosed its first patient in April 2024; in March 2025 an independent Data Safety Monitoring Board reviewed the first 4-patient cohort, found a positive safety profile, and approved dose escalation to a second cohort. Full long-term dataset is expected in early 2027, so this remains an early/mid-stage program.", "notes": "LyGenesis's platform is also being extended to ectopic pancreas (Type 1 diabetes), ectopic kidney (ESRD), and ectopic thymus (aging/autoimmune disorders) programs, per company and Forbes reporting, though these are earlier-stage than the liver program and not independently verified as being in active human trials in this pass." }, "funding_raised": { "total_raised_usd_m": 308, "cross_check_vs_agingbiotech": "could not verify: Juvenescence is a private, diversified hub-and-spoke holding company across multiple portfolio subsidiaries (LyGenesis, Morphoceuticals, Relation Therapeutics, BHB Therapeutics, BOPZ Nutrition, Chrysea, Souvien Therapeutics); we did not find an independent primary source (press release, SEC-equivalent filing) restating a consolidated $308M total-raised figure across the whole group in this pass, so we cannot confirm or contest the baseline figure beyond noting it is plausible given the number of active subsidiaries.", "market_cap_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [] }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (single-model estimate)", "estimate_years": 0.2, "range_low": 0.0, "range_high": 1.0, "reasoning": "LyGenesis's ectopic organ regeneration concept is genuinely novel and, if successful for end-stage liver disease, could meaningfully reduce mortality for patients ineligible for full transplant (a life-threatening condition), giving it more direct lifespan-relevance than most 'healthspan' plays in this batch. However it remains a Phase 2a trial with data years away, and the broader Juvenescence hub-and-spoke portfolio (ketone supplements, PAI-1/GDF15/CD38 programs) is more diffuse and healthspan-oriented." } ], "median_years": 0.2, "caveat": "Speculative model-generated estimate, not measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "LyGenesis's ectopic-organ approach is one of the more mechanistically novel platforms in this batch and was independently well-documented via company press releases and Forbes/Houston Methodist coverage. Total consolidated Juvenescence funding across its full hub-and-spoke portfolio could not be independently verified in the time available.", "has_correction": false }, { "slug": "mighty-therapeutics-formerly-stealth", "name": "Mighty Therapeutics (formerly Stealth)", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "FDA accelerated approval", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2007", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 6.34, "public": "no*", "has_deep_research": true, "verified": true, "source_score": 67.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 65, "source_score_k3": 70, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output": { "aggregate_founder_h_index": null, "notes": "CEO Reenie McCarthy is a biotech executive, not primarily an academic scientist; company's scientific origins trace to cardiolipin-stabilizing peptide research (elamipretide/Bendavia lineage) originally from academic mitochondrial medicine labs (e.g. Hazel Szeto and colleagues), not founder-attributable in a simple h-index sense. Not pursued further given time budget.", "company_publication_count": null, "source_urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41335372/" ] }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Mitochondrial Dysfunction", "discovery": "Elamipretide (brand name FORZINITY) is a cardiolipin-stabilizing peptide that binds the inner mitochondrial membrane phospholipid cardiolipin, improving electron transport chain efficiency and reducing reactive oxygen species. It received first-ever FDA accelerated approval (Sept 19, 2025) for Barth syndrome, an ultra-rare genetic mitochondrial disease, based on Phase 2 TAZPOWER study data on knee extensor muscle strength as a surrogate endpoint.", "year": "2025", "evidence_url": "https://www.fiercepharma.com/pharma/fda-greenlights-stealth-bios-injection-1st-treatment-barth-syndrome", "confidence": "high" } ], "drug_discovery": { "verified_pipeline": [ { "candidate": "Elamipretide (FORZINITY)", "stage": "approved", "indication": "Barth syndrome (muscle strength improvement), adult and pediatric >=30kg", "source_url": "https://www.fiercepharma.com/pharma/fda-greenlights-stealth-bios-injection-1st-treatment-barth-syndrome" }, { "candidate": "Elamipretide", "stage": "phase3", "indication": "Dry age-related macular degeneration (ReNEW trial, fully enrolled)", "source_url": "https://www.biospace.com/press-releases/mighty-therapeutics-secures-up-to-150-million-to-progress-commercial-and-clinical-development-of-new-class-of-mitochondrial-targeted-medicines" }, { "candidate": "Elamipretide (4TAZPower confirmatory study)", "stage": "phase3", "indication": "Barth syndrome, post-marketing confirmatory (Phase IV/global confirmatory, 72-week study, first patient dosed July 2026)", "source_url": "https://www.biospace.com/press-releases/mighty-therapeutics-announces-first-patient-dosed-in-phase-4-confirmatory-study-of-elamipretide-in-barth-syndrome" }, { "candidate": "MYTX-255", "stage": "preclinical", "indication": "Mitochondrial-targeted therapeutic, IND-enabling studies initiated", "source_url": "https://www.biospace.com/press-releases/mighty-therapeutics-initiates-ind-enabling-studies-of-mytx-255-a-mitochondrial-targeted-therapeutic-candidate" } ], "cross_check_vs_agingbiotech": "differs (agingbiotech.info's clinical stage label 'FDA accelerated approval' is now confirmed and dated precisely: approved Sept 19, 2025 for Barth syndrome under the brand FORZINITY; the company itself rebranded from Stealth BioTherapeutics to Mighty Therapeutics on June 16, 2026, which agingbiotech.info's dataset already anticipated in its company name field. Dry AMD program is further along than baseline suggested, now a fully-enrolled Phase 3 (ReNEW) trial)", "notes": "This is a genuine approval and rebrand story: first-ever approved treatment for Barth syndrome, later commercial-stage rename to Mighty Therapeutics reflecting the shift from R&D-stage to commercial biopharma." }, "funding_raised": { "total_raised_usd_m": 341, "cross_check_vs_agingbiotech": "differs (agingbiotech.info's $191M figure predates a new capital raise; independently found a 'secures up to $150 million' capital raise announced July 2026 to fund commercial launch and pipeline. Adding this to the baseline $191M gives an approximate updated total of ~$341M, though the $150M figure is 'up to' structured financing (may include milestone-based tranches) rather than a single unconditional lump sum, so treat with moderate confidence)", "market_cap_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [ "https://www.biospace.com/press-releases/mighty-therapeutics-secures-up-to-150-million-to-progress-commercial-and-clinical-development-of-new-class-of-mitochondrial-targeted-medicines", "https://www.morningstar.com/news/pr-newswire/20260714ne03382/mighty-therapeutics-secures-up-to-150-million-to-progress-commercial-and-clinical-development-of-new-class-of-mitochondrial-targeted-medicines" ] }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5 (self-assessment, single model)", "estimate_years": 0.15, "range_low": 0.02, "range_high": 0.5, "reasoning": "The approved indication (Barth syndrome) is an ultra-rare pediatric/young-adult disease with a small patient population; direct population-level lifespan impact is real but numerically tiny at the population scale asked about. The broader-relevance program (dry AMD, Phase 3 fully enrolled) targets a much larger aging population but remains unapproved with efficacy unconfirmed. Mitochondrial cardiolipin-stabilization is a scientifically credible mechanism relevant to core aging biology, giving some optionality value beyond the narrow approved indication, but near-term measurable lifespan impact across the general aging population is minimal." } ], "median_years": 0.15, "caveat": "Speculative model-generated estimate, not measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "One of the cleanest verification cases in this batch: FDA approval date, drug brand name, and corporate rebrand all independently corroborated across multiple reputable outlets (FiercePharma, BioSpace, PR Newswire, ClinicalTrialsArena). Funding update ($150M raise) is real but structured as 'up to' financing, flagged as moderate confidence for the exact total.", "has_correction": true }, { "slug": "denali-therapeutics", "name": "Denali Therapeutics", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "ph.3 trials", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2015", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 6.52, "public": "yes", "has_deep_research": true, "verified": true, "source_score": 66.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 75, "source_score_k3": 58, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output": { "aggregate_founder_h_index": null, "notes": "Founder/CEO Ryan Watts is a scientific entrepreneur (PhD in biophysics, Genentech alumnus) but not independently profiled in our Tier 1 people research batch as of this writing; a full h-index lookup was not performed given time budget prioritization toward pipeline/funding verification per spec guidance. Denali's founding team included several ex-Genentech neuroscience leaders.", "company_publication_count": null, "source_urls": [ "https://www.denalitherapeutics.com" ] }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Blood-Brain Barrier Aging", "discovery": "Denali's core platform innovation is the TransportVehicle (TV) technology: engineered antibody fragments that bind the transferrin receptor to shuttle biologics (antibodies, enzymes, oligonucleotides) across the blood-brain barrier. This enabled tividenofusp alfa (AVLAYAH), the first approved BBB-crossing enzyme replacement therapy, to reach the brain for Hunter syndrome (MPS II) neurological manifestations, gaining FDA accelerated approval in March 2026.", "year": "2026", "evidence_url": "https://www.denalitherapeutics.com ; SEC filing ex9912026outlookpressrelea.htm", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Neurodegenerative Drug Discovery", "discovery": "Extension of the TransportVehicle platform to oligonucleotides (OTV) and antibodies (ATV) targeting classic Alzheimer's pathology drivers: DNL628 (OTV:MAPT, antisense oligonucleotide reducing tau) and DNL921 (ATV:Abeta, amyloid-beta targeting antibody), both dosed first patients in 2026 in Phase 1b studies.", "year": "2026", "evidence_url": "https://seekingalpha.com/symbol/DNLI ; company Q2 2026 update", "confidence": "high" } ], "drug_discovery": { "verified_pipeline": [ { "candidate": "Tividenofusp alfa (AVLAYAH, DNL310)", "stage": "approved", "indication": "Hunter syndrome (MPS II), neurological manifestations", "source_url": "https://www.denalitherapeutics.com ; FDA accelerated approval March 2026" }, { "candidate": "DNL628 (OTV:MAPT)", "stage": "phase1", "indication": "Alzheimer's disease (tau-lowering antisense oligonucleotide)", "source_url": "https://seekingalpha.com/symbol/DNLI" }, { "candidate": "DNL921 (ATV:Abeta)", "stage": "phase1", "indication": "Alzheimer's disease (amyloid-beta targeting)", "source_url": "https://seekingalpha.com/symbol/DNLI" }, { "candidate": "DNL593 (progranulin replacement)", "stage": "phase2", "indication": "Frontotemporal dementia (FTD-GRN)", "source_url": "https://seekingalpha.com/symbol/DNLI" }, { "candidate": "DNL126 (zafinofusp alfa)", "stage": "phase3", "indication": "Sanfilippo syndrome type A (MPS IIIA)", "source_url": "https://seekingalpha.com/symbol/DNLI" } ], "cross_check_vs_agingbiotech": "confirms and extends (agingbiotech.info listed 'ph.3 trials' as the clinical stage marker, which is confirmed and has since been superseded by an actual FDA approval: tividenofusp alfa/AVLAYAH received accelerated approval in March 2026 for Hunter syndrome. The broader pipeline described (22 clinical trials, PD/FTD/Hunter's/ALS/AD/MS indications) is consistent with independently found programs)", "notes": "Denali is now a commercial-stage company; AVLAYAH generated $3.6M in Q2 2026 net product revenue (first full quarter), with Q3 2026 guidance of $10-12M. Also sold a Rare Pediatric Disease Priority Review Voucher for $195M gross proceeds in July 2026, materially improving cash position." }, "funding_raised": { "total_raised_usd_m": 1100, "cross_check_vs_agingbiotech": "could not independently re-verify the exact $1,100M lifetime private+public raised figure beyond agingbiotech.info's own number (this predates most of the recent activity, which is now revenue/market-cap driven rather than fresh equity raises); treating as agingbiotech.info-sourced only for this specific cumulative figure", "market_cap_usd_m": 3259, "source_urls": [ "https://stockanalysis.com/stocks/dnli/market-cap/ (used to confirm $3.26B market cap range as of Sept 2026, matching agingbiotech.info's $3,259M closely)", "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1714899/000171489926000004/ex9912026outlookpressrelea.htm" ] }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5 (self-assessment, single model)", "estimate_years": 0.4, "range_low": 0.1, "range_high": 1.0, "reasoning": "Denali is 'aging-adjacent' rather than aging-focused: its approved product and most advanced pipeline treat specific rare genetic neurodegenerative diseases (Hunter syndrome, Sanfilippo, FTD-GRN) rather than population-wide aging biology, even though the underlying BBB-delivery platform (TransportVehicle) could in principle extend to broader Alzheimer's/Parkinson's populations later (DNL628, DNL921 in Phase 1). Direct population-level lifespan extension impact from current approved/late-stage programs is limited to narrow rare-disease populations; broader AD/PD programs remain too early (Phase 1) to project meaningful near-term impact." } ], "median_years": 0.4, "caveat": "Speculative model-generated estimate, not measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "Denali is the most mature/de-risked company in this batch: publicly traded with SEC filings, an approved drug, and detailed quarterly disclosures. Pipeline and market cap both independently confirmed via multiple financial sources (stockanalysis.com, SEC filing, Seeking Alpha) consistent with agingbiotech.info baseline. Total lifetime funds raised figure not independently re-verified beyond agingbiotech.info given Denali has been public/revenue-generating for years, making 'total raised' a less decision-relevant metric than market cap/revenue at this stage.", "has_correction": false }, { "slug": "juvena-therapeutics", "name": "Juvena Therapeutics", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "ph.2 trials", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2017", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 9.5, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": true, "verified": true, "source_score": 64.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 68, "source_score_k3": 60, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output": { "aggregate_founder_h_index": null, "notes": "Co-founders Hanadie Yousef and Jeremy O'Connell are not in our current Tier 1 people-research batch; a formal h-index lookup was not completed in this pass (budget prioritized funding/pipeline verification per spec). Yousef's prior work was a Stanford postdoc in stem-cell secretome biology which underlies Juvena's JuvNET platform.", "company_publication_count": null, "source_urls": [] }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Altered Intercellular Communication / Inflammaging", "discovery": "Built JuvNET, a computational/AI platform that systematically screens the human stem-cell 'secretome' (proteins secreted by stem cells that regulate tissue repair) combining quantitative proteomics, multi-omics, and robotic high-content imaging to map regenerative proteins to therapeutic targets, engineering them into novel biologics.", "year": "2017-2025", "evidence_url": "https://www.fiercebiotech.com/biotech/eli-lilly-works-out-650m-juvena-pact-find-muscle-boosting-drugs", "confidence": "high" } ], "drug_discovery": { "verified_pipeline": [ { "candidate": "JUV-161", "stage": "phase1", "indication": "Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) and sarcopenia (muscle-regenerating biologic)", "source_url": "https://www.fiercebiotech.com/biotech/eli-lilly-works-out-650m-juvena-pact-find-muscle-boosting-drugs" } ], "cross_check_vs_agingbiotech": "confirms, with clarification: the baseline states 'ph.2 trials' as clinical stage with indications DM1, obesity, fibrosis, OA and 2 clinical trials; independent sourcing (FierceBiotech, BioSpace, June 2025 Lilly deal coverage) describes Juvena's own lead internal asset JUV-161 as being in Phase 1 for DM1/sarcopenia, not Phase 2, which differs from the baseline's overall clinical-stage tag. It is possible the baseline's 'ph.2' reflects a different or more advanced trial not captured in our search, or an aggregation across multiple undisclosed programs; we flag this as an unresolved discrepancy rather than asserting the baseline is wrong outright.", "notes": "The $650M figure in the baseline refers specifically to the June 2025 Eli Lilly research collaboration (milestone-laden deal value for a multi-target muscle-health/obesity discovery partnership using JuvNET), not Juvena's own pipeline value. Under the Lilly deal, Juvena grants exclusive licenses to Lilly for candidates discovered via JuvNET; Lilly then assumes full downstream development cost and responsibility. This is separate from and does not include Juvena's internally retained JUV-161 program." }, "funding_raised": { "total_raised_usd_m": 99, "cross_check_vs_agingbiotech": "differs (explain): the baseline lists total raised as $99M (as of its scrape date) plus the $650M Lilly deal value. We independently confirmed a subsequent $33.5 million Series B round (led by Bison Ventures, with Lilly's equity participation) that closed in January 2026, which appears to be additive to the $99M baseline figure and was not yet reflected in the scrape.", "market_cap_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [ "https://jeffersonlifesciences.com/juvena-therapeutics-raises-33-5m-series-b-led-by-bison-ventures-to-advance-regenerative-biologics-pipeline/", "https://longevity.technology/news/juvena-lands-33-5m-to-advance-more-regenerative-biologics-to-the-clinic/" ] }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (single-model estimate)", "estimate_years": 0.15, "range_low": 0.0, "range_high": 0.6, "reasoning": "Juvena's approach (mining the stem-cell secretome for regenerative protein drugs) is scientifically credible and has attracted a major pharma partner (Lilly) specifically to address GLP-1-associated muscle loss, a large and growing unmet need as GLP-1 drug use scales. However, both the Lilly-partnered discovery programs and Juvena's own JUV-161 are early-stage (Phase 1 or earlier), years from any approval, and target muscle preservation/quality-of-life rather than a primary mortality driver." } ], "median_years": 0.15, "caveat": "Speculative model-generated estimate, not measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "Notable unresolved discrepancy: baseline clinical stage tag ('ph.2') does not clearly match the Phase 1 status found for Juvena's own JUV-161 asset in independent trade press; this may reflect either an outdated baseline, a different undisclosed asset, or aggregation across the whole portfolio including partnered candidates. Recommend flagging for a follow-up direct check of Juvena's own website/pipeline page.", "has_correction": true }, { "slug": "neurona-therapeutics", "name": "Neurona Therapeutics", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "ph.2 trials", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2008", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 1.52, "public": "", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 64.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 58, "source_score_k3": 70, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "akero-therapeutics", "name": "Akero Therapeutics", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "ph.3 trials", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2017", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 1.77, "public": "yes", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 63.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 72, "source_score_k3": 55, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "cambrian-bio", "name": "Cambrian Bio", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "ph.1 trials*", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2019", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 6.56, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": true, "verified": true, "source_score": 62.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 75, "source_score_k3": 50, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output": { "aggregate_founder_h_index": null, "notes": "Founder/CEO James Peyer already profiled in research/people/james-peyer.json; see that file rather than duplicating academic output analysis here.", "company_publication_count": null, "source_urls": [ "research/people/james-peyer.json" ] }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Deregulated Nutrient Sensing (mTOR/AMPK/IGF-1)", "discovery": "Hub-and-spoke portfolio company Amplifier Therapeutics advanced ATX-304, an AMPK activator, into clinical testing as an aging/cardiometabolic candidate; independent verification of exact current phase was not possible via ClinicalTrials.gov (see notes), consistent with agingbiotech.info's own flagged uncertainty.", "year": "2022-2024", "evidence_url": "https://www.cambrianbio.com", "confidence": "medium" }, { "area": "Longevity Biotech Entrepreneurship", "discovery": "Cambrian pioneered a 'hub-and-spoke' biotech holding company model specifically for the longevity sector, seeding multiple independent spoke companies (Amplifier Tx, Isterian, Oviva Tx, Telos Bio, Tornado Tx, Vita Tx) around distinct aging hallmark targets (AMPK, mitochondria, telomeres, senescence) under one central R&D/capital allocation hub. This organizational/business-model innovation, not a specific molecular discovery, is the company's most distinctive contribution.", "year": "2019-2020", "evidence_url": "https://www.cambrianbio.com/news-and-publications", "confidence": "high" } ], "drug_discovery": { "verified_pipeline": [ { "candidate": "ATX-304 (Amplifier Therapeutics spoke)", "stage": "phase1", "indication": "Cardiometabolic disease (AMPK activator)", "source_url": "https://www.cambrianbio.com" }, { "candidate": "TORnado platform program(s)", "stage": "preclinical", "indication": "mTOR pathway / aging", "source_url": "https://beyondbio-tech.com/info-detail/the-50-best-funded-biotech-companies-of-2026 (reference to TORnado platform and Feb 2026 ARPA-H award)" } ], "cross_check_vs_agingbiotech": "could not verify (agingbiotech.info itself flags this as unresolved: pipeline diagram vs. company website inconsistency for ATX-304's exact phase, and no matching trial found on ClinicalTrials.gov under either company or drug name as of their Jul'24 scrape. My independent search corroborates this remains murky; no definitive ClinicalTrials.gov NCT number for ATX-304 was found in available search results, though secondary sources describe a Feb 2026 non-dilutive $30.8M ARPA-H federal contract specifically to support clinical trials for the TORnado platform, suggesting an active but not fully transparent clinical program)", "notes": "Cambrian's spoke-company structure makes pipeline attribution genuinely harder to verify externally than for a single-asset biotech; multiple portfolio companies (Amplifier, Isterian, Oviva, Telos, Tornado, Vita) each have their own separate pipelines not always cross-linked to Cambrian's own site." }, "funding_raised": { "total_raised_usd_m": 284, "cross_check_vs_agingbiotech": "differs (agingbiotech.info's $203M figure is outdated; independently found cumulative funding reached roughly $160-190M by early 2026 including a Dec 2025 $23.7M round and a Feb 2026 $30.8M non-dilutive ARPA-H contract, then a further ~$123.8M round reported via SEC filing around mid-2026, bringing lifetime total to approximately $284M as of research date. Figures come from secondary aggregators (Pitchbook, Channel Point Capital, Contrary Research) and have not been independently cross-checked against a primary Cambrian press release for the largest 2026 round, so treat the top-line $284M as moderate-confidence)", "market_cap_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [ "https://www.channelpointcapital.com/news/cambrian-bio-raises-23m-to-expand-longevity-therapeutics-platform", "https://pitchbook.com/profiles/company/434701-00", "https://research.contrary.com/company/cambrian" ] }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5 (self-assessment, single model)", "estimate_years": 0.3, "range_low": 0.05, "range_high": 1.5, "reasoning": "Cambrian is a holding-company/incubator rather than a single-asset developer; its most advanced spoke asset (ATX-304, AMPK activator) is early-clinical at best with no verified efficacy data in humans for aging-relevant endpoints. The business-model innovation (hub-and-spoke aging biotech) has organizational/ecosystem value but does not itself translate into measurable lifespan extension. Expected near-term population impact is minimal given early clinical stage across the portfolio." } ], "median_years": 0.3, "caveat": "Speculative model-generated estimate, not measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "Funding figures for Cambrian are unusually fragmented across secondary aggregators (Pitchbook, Contrary, Channel Point Capital) with inconsistent cumulative totals reported ($160M vs $190M vs $284M depending on source and date cutoff); I report the highest most-recent aggregator figure but flag it as moderate- rather than high-confidence since no single primary source (Cambrian press release or SEC filing) was directly retrieved and read in full. Pipeline verification for ATX-304 remains genuinely unresolved, matching agingbiotech.info's own uncertainty rather than resolving it.", "has_correction": true }, { "slug": "alector", "name": "Alector", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "ph.3 trials", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2013", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 3.64, "public": "yes", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 62.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 67, "source_score_k3": 58, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "aspen-neuroscience", "name": "Aspen Neuroscience", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "ph.1 trials", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2018", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 1.87, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 62.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 64, "source_score_k3": 60, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "alkahest-owned-by-grifols", "name": "Alkahest (owned by Grifols)", "operating_status": "acquired*, operating independly", "clinical_stage": "ph.2 trials", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2014", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 7.38, "public": "public owner", "has_deep_research": true, "verified": true, "source_score": 61.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 65, "source_score_k3": 58, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output": { "aggregate_founder_h_index": null, "notes": "Co-founder Tony Wyss-Coray is a Stanford neurology professor and highly notable aging/neuroscience researcher (known for landmark 2014 Nature Medicine heterochronic parabiosis work showing young blood reverses cognitive aging in mice); not in our current Tier 1 people-research batch and a formal h-index lookup was not completed in this pass, though his academic notability is well-established and independently verifiable via PubMed (e.g. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24793238/).", "company_publication_count": null, "source_urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24793238/" ] }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Altered Intercellular Communication / Inflammaging", "discovery": "Wyss-Coray's Stanford lab demonstrated via heterochronic parabiosis (surgically joining young and old mice's circulatory systems) that young blood plasma reverses age-related impairments in cognitive function, synaptic plasticity, and neurogenesis in old mice, while old blood has a damaging pro-aging effect on young mice, establishing that systemic circulating factors (not just local brain aging) drive cognitive decline.", "year": "2014", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24793238/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Neuroinflammation", "discovery": "Founded Alkahest to translate the parabiosis finding into human therapy: rather than transfusing whole young plasma, developed GRF6019/GRF6021, standardized concentrated plasma protein fractions with pro-inflammatory/age-promoting factors filtered out, for treating Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative conditions.", "year": "2014-2021", "evidence_url": "https://www.alzheimer-europe.org/news/alkahest-announces-top-line-data-its-phase-ii-clinical-trial-grf6019-ad", "confidence": "high" } ], "drug_discovery": { "verified_pipeline": [ { "candidate": "GRF6019 (plasma protein fraction)", "stage": "phase2", "indication": "Mild-to-moderate and severe Alzheimer's disease; showed stabilized cognitive/functional status over 6 months vs. expected decline in one Phase 2 trial, and was confirmed safe/tolerable in a severe-AD trial", "source_url": "https://www.alzheimer-europe.org/news/alkahest-announces-top-line-data-its-phase-ii-clinical-trial-grf6019-ad" }, { "candidate": "Whole young donor plasma infusion (PLASMA trial)", "stage": "phase1/2 (early proof of concept, completed)", "indication": "Mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease; safe/well-tolerated in 18 patients, caregiver-reported functional improvement (not statistically significant cognitive improvement given small sample)", "source_url": "https://stanmed.stanford.edu/clinical-trial-finds-blood-plasma-from-young-donors-promising-for-alzheimers/" } ], "cross_check_vs_agingbiotech": "confirms: the baseline lists 'ph.2 trials' with 13 clinical trials across AD, PD, wAMD, ESRD, MCI, which is broadly consistent with what we found (GRF6019/GRF6021 programs at Phase 2 for Alzheimer's, plus the foundational PLASMA whole-plasma trial). We did not independently find any specific 2025-2026 news updates on Alkahest's current active trial status; the company's public-facing activity appears to have been relatively quiet in recent searches, consistent with its status as a wholly-owned Grifols subsidiary that may not issue frequent independent press releases.", "notes": "Historically the therapeutic story evolved from raw young-donor plasma infusions (proof of mechanism, PLASMA trial) to purified/standardized plasma protein fractions (GRF6019/GRF6021, the actual drug candidates), reflecting both scientific refinement and practical/regulatory necessity (whole donor plasma at scale is not viable as a mass therapy)." }, "funding_raised": { "total_raised_usd_m": 50, "cross_check_vs_agingbiotech": "confirms: the baseline states Grifols acquired the remaining 55% of Alkahest for $146M in September 2020 (having taken an initial 45% stake in 2015). We independently confirmed this via Grifols' own press release and Catalan/pharma trade press: initial 2015 investment for ~45% equity, followed by the September 2020 acquisition of the remaining shares for $146M. The baseline's pre-acquisition 'total raised' of $50M appears to refer to Alkahest's independent VC fundraising prior to the Grifols majority/full acquisition, which is a different figure from the $146M acquisition price (the two should not be summed); Alkahest now operates as a fully integrated Grifols subsidiary rather than an independently-funded startup.", "market_cap_usd_m": 265, "source_urls": [ "https://www.grifols.com/en/view-news/-/news/grifols-to-acquire-alkahest-to-enhance-discovery-research-and-development-to-identify-innovative-therapies-for-age-related-diseases-based-upon-an-understanding-of-the-human-plasma-proteome", "https://www.contractpharma.com/breaking-news/grifols-to-acquire-alkahest-for-146m/" ] }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (single-model estimate)", "estimate_years": 0.15, "range_low": 0.0, "range_high": 0.6, "reasoning": "Alkahest's plasma-fraction approach targets Alzheimer's disease, a major age-related cause of morbidity and indirectly mortality, and has shown consistent (if modest) safety/stabilization signals across multiple Phase 2 trials over several years. However, no product has reached Phase 3 or approval, cognitive effect sizes have been modest, and full clinical translation of the underlying parabiosis science remains unproven at scale." } ], "median_years": 0.15, "caveat": "Speculative model-generated estimate, not measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "Alkahest/Wyss-Coray's foundational science (2014 parabiosis paper) is exceptionally well-documented and among the most influential 'young blood' aging papers; the baseline's funding and acquisition figures held up well under independent verification. Could not find recent (2025-2026) news on active trial status, likely reflecting reduced independent press activity as a wholly-owned Grifols subsidiary rather than program discontinuation; recommend a follow-up direct check of Grifols' pipeline pages if more current status is needed.", "has_correction": true }, { "slug": "timeline", "name": "Timeline", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "commercial, ph.2 trials", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2007", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 1.92, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 61.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 65, "source_score_k3": 58, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "rubedo-life-sciences", "name": "Rubedo Life Sciences", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "ph.2 trials", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2018", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 8.11, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": true, "verified": true, "source_score": 61.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 64, "source_score_k3": 58, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output": { "aggregate_founder_h_index": null, "notes": "Founder/CSO Marco Quarta has an academic background in stem cell/regenerative biology (Stanford, worked with Helen Blau's lab on muscle stem cell aging prior to founding Rubedo); a formal h-index/citation lookup was not completed in this pass. Not in our current Tier 1 people-research batch.", "company_publication_count": null, "source_urls": [] }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Senolytics (drug discovery)", "discovery": "Developed RLS-1496, a first-in-class selective GPX4 (glutathione peroxidase 4) modulator using a 'SenoAdaptive' mechanism designed to selectively eliminate or restore function to pathologic senescent cells and promote an NRF2-mediated redox reset in stressed, aging cells; represents the first-ever clinical evaluation of a selective GPX4 modulator in humans.", "year": "2025", "evidence_url": "https://www.biospace.com/press-releases/rubedo-life-sciences-announces-positive-preliminary-phase-1-clinical-trial-results-for-lead-drug-candidate-rls-1496-in-patients-with-plaque-psoriasis-atopic-dermatitis-and-skin-aging", "confidence": "high" } ], "drug_discovery": { "verified_pipeline": [ { "candidate": "RLS-1496 (topical GPX4 modulator)", "stage": "phase1", "indication": "Plaque psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, photo-aged skin (European Phase 1, positive preliminary results Mar-Apr 2026)", "source_url": "https://www.biospace.com/press-releases/rubedo-life-sciences-announces-positive-preliminary-phase-1-clinical-trial-results-for-lead-drug-candidate-rls-1496-in-patients-with-plaque-psoriasis-atopic-dermatitis-and-skin-aging" }, { "candidate": "RLS-1496 1% topical cream", "stage": "phase1b/2a", "indication": "Actinic keratosis (precancerous skin lesions); NCT07340697, 46% lesion-count reduction at 4 weeks vs 11% control, minimal irritation", "source_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07340697" }, { "candidate": "RLS-1496", "stage": "preclinical/trial planned Oct 2026", "indication": "Androgenetic alopecia (hair loss); ex vivo DHT-challenged follicle data positive, human trial led by Dr. David Pariser", "source_url": "https://practicaldermatology.com/news/rubedo-plans-clinical-trial-of-rls-1496-for-androgenetic-alopecia/2488446/" } ], "cross_check_vs_agingbiotech": "confirms and substantially updates: the baseline lists 'ph.2 trials' with 1 clinical trial and target GPX4, plus a note about the April 2024 Beiersdorf skincare partnership. We independently confirmed a much more detailed and rapidly evolving clinical program: first Phase 1 patient dosed May 2025 (European trial, psoriasis/eczema/photo-aged skin); FDA IND clearance for actinic keratosis (Sept-Oct 2025); positive Phase 1 preliminary data (Mar-Apr 2026, met safety/tolerability endpoints, target-engagement correlated with clinical improvement); positive Phase 1b/2a actinic keratosis results (May-Jun 2026, 46% lesion reduction with minimal irritation vs. standard-of-care 5-FU/imiquimod which cause severe redness); and a newly announced androgenetic alopecia trial (Oct 2026). This is a considerably richer and more advanced pipeline picture than the baseline's single-trial summary.", "notes": "Notably, none of Rubedo's RLS-1496 indications (psoriasis, eczema, actinic keratosis, hair loss) are the AD/IPF/NASH/cancer/sclerosis indications listed in the baseline's 'Diseases / indications' field; this appears to be either an outdated or mismatched baseline description versus the company's actual clinical focus, which independent sourcing shows is squarely dermatological (skin/hair conditions), not the systemic disease list in the scrape." }, "funding_raised": { "total_raised_usd_m": 54, "cross_check_vs_agingbiotech": "differs slightly (explain): independent sourcing corroborates a $40M Series A (April 2024, co-led by Khosla Ventures and Ahren Innovation Capital, with Beiersdorf's Oscar & Paul CVC fund participating) plus a $12M Seed (Dec 2020), totaling ~$52-53.5M pre-2025, closely matching the baseline's $54M. We also found that Rubedo launched a Series B round (announced January 2025) that was still in progress as of early 2026, with some tracking services (mid-2026) estimating cumulative funding has since surpassed $70M; this later figure was not in the baseline and represents a real update once the Series B closes/is finalized.", "market_cap_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [ "https://via.tt.se/pressmeddelande/3440667/rubedo-life-sciences-closes-40m-series-a-financing-led-by-khosla-ventures-and-ahren-innovation-capital", "https://www.beautypackaging.com/breaking-news/beiersdorf-partners-with-rubedo-life-sciences-for-new-cellular-aging-skin-care-products/" ] }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (single-model estimate)", "estimate_years": 0.05, "range_low": 0.0, "range_high": 0.2, "reasoning": "Rubedo's actual clinical focus (dermatological: psoriasis, eczema, actinic keratosis, hair loss) is squarely healthspan/quality-of-life oriented rather than mortality-related; actinic keratosis is precancerous but typically low-mortality when monitored/treated conventionally. The underlying GPX4/senolytic mechanism is scientifically interesting and could in principle generalize to more mortality-relevant senescence-driven diseases (fibrosis, etc., as hinted at in the baseline's broader disease list), but no such systemic program was independently confirmed as being in active human trials in this pass." } ], "median_years": 0.05, "caveat": "Speculative model-generated estimate, not measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "Rubedo's actual (independently verified) clinical indications are all dermatological, which does not match the baseline's listed 'Diseases / indications' field (AD, psoriasis, IPF, NASH, cancer, sclerosis) at all except for psoriasis. This is a notable content mismatch worth flagging: either Rubedo has a broader, less publicized systemic pipeline behind RLS-1496 for internal diseases (plausible given GPX4/ferroptosis biology's relevance to fibrosis) that we could not find independent trial evidence for, or the baseline's disease list may be inaccurate/outdated.", "has_correction": true }, { "slug": "lygenesis", "name": "LyGenesis", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "ph.2 trials", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2017", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 4.11, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 59.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 61, "source_score_k3": 58, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "niagen-bioscinece-was-chromadex", "name": "Niagen Bioscinece (was ChromaDex)", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "commercial, ph.4 trials", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "1999", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 1.87, "public": "yes", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 59.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 61, "source_score_k3": 58, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "gordian-biotechnology", "name": "Gordian Biotechnology", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "pre-clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2018", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 4.45, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 58.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 57, "source_score_k3": 60, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "medipost", "name": "Medipost", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "approved (Korea), ph.3 (US, Japan)", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2000", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 10.25, "public": "yes", "has_deep_research": true, "verified": true, "source_score": 58.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 58, "source_score_k3": 58, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output": { "aggregate_founder_h_index": null, "notes": "Key team member Wonil Oh is not independently documented in our Tier 1 people research batch and was not found to have a notable individually-attributed academic h-index in this research pass; Medipost is a commercial-stage Korean biotech, not a single-scientist academic spinout, so founder-level academic attribution is less central to its story than for university-spinout companies.", "company_publication_count": null, "source_urls": [] }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Stem Cell Biology (general)", "discovery": "Developed Cartistem, an allogeneic umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy for knee osteoarthritis/cartilage defects; approved by South Korea's MFDS in January 2012, the first regulator-approved allogeneic MSC product worldwide. More than 36,000 patients have been treated with Cartistem in South Korea to date.", "year": "2012", "evidence_url": "https://occ-ortho.com/landing-page/cartistem-trial/", "confidence": "high" } ], "drug_discovery": { "verified_pipeline": [ { "candidate": "Cartistem", "stage": "approved", "indication": "Knee osteoarthritis / cartilage defects (South Korea, since 2012)", "source_url": "https://www.koreabiomed.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=31916" }, { "candidate": "Cartistem", "stage": "phase3", "indication": "Knee osteoarthritis (Japan; Phase 3 completed early 2026, met primary/secondary endpoints, pursuing commercialization)", "source_url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect (Japan Phase 3 completion, per Medipost/press reporting)" }, { "candidate": "Cartistem", "stage": "phase3", "indication": "Knee osteoarthritis (United States; first US Phase 3 participant treated July 2026 under a streamlined single-pivotal-trial FDA agreement)", "source_url": "https://www.cellgenetherapyreview.com/3972-News/626042-Medipost-secures-FDA-agreement-on-streamlined-BLA-for-MSC-therapy/" } ], "cross_check_vs_agingbiotech": "confirms, with a significant update: the baseline correctly states Cartistem is 'approved (Korea), ph.3 (US, Japan)'. We independently confirmed the Korea 2012 approval (world-first allogeneic MSC therapy) and found notable forward progress not likely reflected in the original scrape date: Medipost secured an FDA agreement (announced ~June 2026) to run a single, smaller (~300-patient, down from 600) US pivotal Phase 3 trial by leveraging Korean/Japanese Phase 3 data and ~550 patients' worth of 3+ year real-world evidence, and dosed its first US Phase 3 patient in July 2026. Japan Phase 3 was reported completed (early 2026) with all primary/secondary endpoints met.", "notes": "Projected US Phase 3 trial duration is 42-45 months, implying BLA filing and US approval are not expected until roughly 2029-2030 even with the streamlined pathway; this is a multi-year-out event, not an imminent approval." }, "funding_raised": { "total_raised_usd_m": null, "cross_check_vs_agingbiotech": "could not verify: Medipost is a Korean public company (KOSDAQ: 078160) generating revenue since 2012 rather than a VC-funded startup with a clean 'total raised' figure; agingbiotech.info's baseline profile does not list a total-raised figure either (field is blank in the source .md), and we did not find an authoritative equivalent (e.g. cumulative capital markets issuance) in this pass.", "market_cap_usd_m": 259, "source_urls": [] }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (single-model estimate)", "estimate_years": 0.05, "range_low": 0.0, "range_high": 0.15, "reasoning": "Cartistem treats a quality-of-life condition (knee osteoarthritis/cartilage damage) rather than a mortality-driving disease; even at full realistic global scale-up, an osteoarthritis cell therapy would be expected to improve healthspan/mobility much more than extend lifespan per se. Its historical significance (first approved allogeneic stem cell product) is real but the direct lifespan-extension pathway is weak." } ], "median_years": 0.05, "caveat": "Speculative model-generated estimate, not measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "Medipost is one of the most independently verifiable companies in this batch because it is an already-commercialized (Korea, since 2012), publicly traded company with an 18,000+ patient real-world track record and multiple independently-reported regulatory milestones (Japan Phase 3 completion, US FDA streamlined pathway agreement, first US patient dosed). The core agingbiotech.info claim (approved in Korea, Phase 3 in US/Japan) holds up well under scrutiny.", "has_correction": false }, { "slug": "scholar-rock", "name": "Scholar Rock", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "ph.3 trials", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2012", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 8.57, "public": "yes", "has_deep_research": true, "verified": true, "source_score": 58.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 68, "source_score_k3": 48, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output": { "aggregate_founder_h_index": null, "notes": "Key team member listed is Jay Backstrom (President/CEO), a clinical-development executive rather than a founding academic; Scholar Rock's scientific founders (per public record, not verified in depth here) include Timothy Springer and others from Harvard/academic labs studying TGF-beta biology, but a founder h-index lookup was not completed in this pass given time budget prioritization toward the more decision-relevant pipeline/regulatory verification, which for this company turned out to be unusually eventful.", "company_publication_count": null, "source_urls": [] }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Musculoskeletal Aging (Osteoporosis, Sarcopenia)", "discovery": "Developed a platform for selectively targeting latent (inactive precursor) forms of growth factors, including myostatin and TGF-beta, using context-specific monoclonal antibodies; lead candidate apitegromab (brand name Isembyld) is a myostatin-targeting antibody representing the first muscle-targeted (as opposed to motor-neuron-targeted) therapy for spinal muscular atrophy.", "year": "2012-2026", "evidence_url": "https://www.biospace.com/fda/scholar-rock-secures-first-fda-approval-for-muscle-targeting-rare-disease-drug", "confidence": "high" } ], "drug_discovery": { "verified_pipeline": [ { "candidate": "Apitegromab (Isembyld, apitegromab-mstn)", "stage": "approved", "indication": "Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), ages 2+, as add-on to SMN2-targeted therapy (Spinraza/Evrysdi)", "source_url": "https://www.morningstar.com/news/business-wire/20260911564629/scholar-rock-announces-fda-approval-of-isembyld-apitegromab-mstn-the-first-and-only-muscle-targeted-treatment-for-children-and-adults-with-spinal-muscular-atrophy-sma" } ], "cross_check_vs_agingbiotech": "differs (explain), materially upgraded: the baseline lists clinical stage as 'ph.3 trials'. We independently confirmed apitegromab/Isembyld has since been FULLY FDA APPROVED (September 11, 2026), a major upgrade from Phase 3. The path was not smooth: an initial BLA (submitted ~January 2025, PDUFA date September 22, 2025) received a Complete Response Letter on September 23, 2025, solely due to third-party manufacturing/fill-finish facility compliance issues (Bloomington, Indiana; not related to clinical safety or efficacy). Scholar Rock resubmitted in March 2026 using an alternate facility, and received approval September 11, 2026, ahead of the rescheduled September 30, 2026 PDUFA date. Approval was supported by the Phase 3 SAPPHIRE trial (statistically significant 2.2-point HFMSE motor-function improvement vs. placebo).", "notes": "Launch pricing: ~$11,569 per vial, ~$420-451K annual gross (WAC) for an average-weight patient, ~$310K net after discounts/support programs. Analyst 2026 revenue consensus ~$5.3M (partial-year launch), rising to a projected $133M in 2027 and $1.3B by 2031 (peak sales $2.0-2.2B by 2035-36 per various analyst estimates); these are forward projections, not realized results, and should be treated as speculative." }, "funding_raised": { "total_raised_usd_m": 443, "cross_check_vs_agingbiotech": "could not verify precisely: as a Nasdaq-listed company (SRRK) since 2018, Scholar Rock's cumulative capital raised is SEC-disclosed, but we did not pull an updated post-approval total-raised figure from a primary filing in this pass; we did find independent reporting of a ~$300M capital raise around the time of BLA filings/launch (per patsnap/synapse trade coverage) intended to fund 'neuromuscular disease drug filings and launch,' which is consistent with, but not a simple sum on top of, the $443M baseline (may include or overlap with it).", "market_cap_usd_m": 5922, "source_urls": [ "https://synapse.patsnap.com/article/scholar-rock-secures-300m-for-neuromuscular-disease-drug-filings-and-launch", "https://www.gurufocus.com/news/9097639/scholar-rock-holding-corp-srrk-gains-wedbush-spotlight-amid-valuation-and-insider-activity-insights" ] }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (single-model estimate)", "estimate_years": 0.05, "range_low": 0.0, "range_high": 0.2, "reasoning": "Isembyld's approval is a genuine, verified regulatory and commercial success and could meaningfully improve function/quality of life for SMA patients, but SMA is a rare pediatric-onset genetic disease, not an age-related mortality driver, so direct population-level lifespan impact via this indication is minimal. The underlying myostatin/latent-TGF-beta-targeting platform could in principle be repurposed for age-related sarcopenia (a much larger population), which would raise the lifespan-relevant upside, but no such program was confirmed as being in active clinical development for a primarily aging-related indication in this pass." } ], "median_years": 0.05, "caveat": "Speculative model-generated estimate, not measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "This is the single largest positive discrepancy found in the batch: Scholar Rock's lead candidate has actually achieved full FDA approval (Sept 2026) since the baseline was scraped, and even survived and recovered from a manufacturing-related Complete Response Letter along the way, a genuinely notable regulatory story that agingbiotech.info's 'ph.3' tag substantially understates.", "has_correction": true }, { "slug": "mesoblast", "name": "Mesoblast", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "FDA approved", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2004", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 8.64, "public": "yes", "has_deep_research": true, "verified": true, "source_score": 58.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 66, "source_score_k3": 50, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output": { "aggregate_founder_h_index": null, "notes": "Founder/CEO Silviu Itescu is a physician-entrepreneur (immunologist by training, formerly at Columbia University) rather than a bench-science academic with a large independent publication footprint; not in our current Tier 1 people-research batch. Not pursued further given time budget prioritization toward pipeline/funding verification per spec.", "company_publication_count": null, "source_urls": [] }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Stem Cell Biology (general)", "discovery": "Developed and commercialized allogeneic (off-the-shelf, donor-derived) mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapies at scale; Ryoncil (remestemcel-L) became one of the first FDA-approved allogeneic MSC cell therapies, and Revascor (rexlemestrocel-L) is an allogeneic MSC candidate for cardiorenal indications now in late-stage development.", "year": "2004-2025", "evidence_url": "https://www.biospace.com/press-releases/mesoblast-maintains-momentum-with-fda-on-accelerated-approval-pathway-for-revascor-in-ischemic-heart-failure-and-label-extension-for-ryoncil-in-adults-with-gvhd", "confidence": "high" } ], "drug_discovery": { "verified_pipeline": [ { "candidate": "Ryoncil (remestemcel-L)", "stage": "approved", "indication": "Pediatric steroid-refractory acute graft-versus-host disease (SR-aGvHD); commercially launched March 28, 2025", "source_url": "https://www.biospace.com/press-releases/ryoncil-delivers-net-revenue-of-us-36m-for-the-fourth-quarter-ended-30-june-2026" }, { "candidate": "Revascor (rexlemestrocel-L)", "stage": "phase3 / BLA filed", "indication": "Prevention of GI bleeding in end-stage heart failure patients with LVADs (BLA submitted July 2026, modular review); chronic low back pain Phase 3 (patient treatment completed August 2026, data expected mid-2027)", "source_url": "https://allsci.com/news/approvals/approval-filings/mesoblast-advances-first-cellular-therapy-for-life-threatening-lvad-complications/" } ], "cross_check_vs_agingbiotech": "confirms and updates: the baseline correctly lists 'FDA approved' status and both product names (Revascor, Ryoncil). We independently confirmed the Ryoncil FDA approval and its March 2025 commercial launch, and found substantial post-baseline progress: Ryoncil grew from $11.26M net sales in its partial FY2025 launch quarter to $115.15M in full FY2026 (quarterly ramp from $19.1M in Q1 to $36.0M in Q4 FY2026), and Mesoblast filed a BLA for Revascor in ischemic heart failure/LVAD-related GI bleeding in July 2026 under an accelerated approval pathway agreed with FDA in June 2025.", "notes": "Mesoblast has now transitioned from a clinical-stage biotech to a commercial-stage company with real product revenue, a meaningful upgrade from a purely pipeline-stage assessment." }, "funding_raised": { "total_raised_usd_m": 452, "cross_check_vs_agingbiotech": "differs (explain): the $452M baseline figure for lifetime capital raised is plausible for a company founded in 2004, but is now dwarfed by the company's current commercial trajectory and market valuation. We independently confirmed market cap has grown to approximately $1.96-2.02B (Sept 2026) / $2.31-2.32B (Dec 2025), roughly in line with the baseline's $2,649M figure (some data-source variance, e.g. USD vs AUD conversion, likely explains the gap), and that the company reported FY2026 total revenue of $120.25M (Ryoncil net product sales $115.15M + royalties $5.10M) against a narrowed FY2026 net loss of $57.50M (down 44% from FY2025's $102.14M loss).", "market_cap_usd_m": 2649, "source_urls": [ "https://www.manilatimes.net/2026/08/27/tmt-newswire/globenewswire/mesoblast-reports-substantial-revenue-growth-to-us120m/2412998", "https://stockanalysis.com/stocks/meso/market-cap/" ] }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (single-model estimate)", "estimate_years": 0.1, "range_low": 0.0, "range_high": 0.4, "reasoning": "Ryoncil treats a severe, life-threatening pediatric condition (SR-aGvHD) where it can meaningfully reduce mortality for affected children, but this is a small patient population, not an aging-population-scale intervention. Revascor's cardiorenal/LVAD indication targets a sicker, higher-mortality population and could have modest lifespan impact if approved, but remains at the BLA-filing stage. Mesoblast's core MSC platform is not itself an anti-aging mechanism; its relevance to population-level lifespan extension is limited despite genuine commercial and regulatory success." } ], "median_years": 0.1, "caveat": "Speculative model-generated estimate, not measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "Mesoblast is a strong example of a company that has meaningfully de-risked and commercialized since agingbiotech.info's likely scrape snapshot; Ryoncil's approval and revenue ramp, plus the Revascor BLA filing, represent real, independently-verifiable progress beyond the baseline's static 'FDA approved' tag.", "has_correction": true }, { "slug": "anakuria-navitor-therapeutics", "name": "Anakuria / Navitor Therapeutics", "operating_status": "acquired (see notes)", "clinical_stage": "ph.2 trials", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2010", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 3.4, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 58.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 62, "source_score_k3": 54, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "transposon-therapeutics", "name": "Transposon Therapeutics", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "ph.2 trials*", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2019", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 2.01, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 58.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 58, "source_score_k3": 58, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "orsobio", "name": "OrsoBio", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "ph.2 trials*", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2021", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 5.03, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 57.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 63, "source_score_k3": 52, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "cognito-therapeutics", "name": "Cognito Therapeutics", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "device early clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2016", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.52, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 57.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 65, "source_score_k3": 50, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "centenara-labs-was-rejuveron", "name": "Centenara Labs (was Rejuveron)", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "ph.2 trials*", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2019", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 5.95, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": true, "verified": true, "source_score": 57.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 60, "source_score_k3": 54, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output": { "aggregate_founder_h_index": null, "notes": "Key team listed as Aksana Labokha (scientific co-founder) and Christian Angermayer (investor/entrepreneur, not an academic scientist). Neither independently profiled in our Tier 1 people batch as of this writing; not pursued further given time budget, prioritizing portfolio pipeline/funding verification instead per spec guidance.", "company_publication_count": null, "source_urls": [ "https://centenara.com" ] }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Longevity Biotech Entrepreneurship", "discovery": "Like Cambrian Bio, Centenara (formerly Rejuveron/Rejuveron Life Sciences) operates a hub-and-spoke holding-company model for aging biotech, seeding and funding a portfolio of independent subsidiary companies (Endogena, Rejuvenate Biomed, Rejuveron Senescence Tx, Rejuveron Telomere Tx, Rejuveron Vascular Tx, Boost Neuro) rather than developing a single in-house pipeline.", "year": "2019", "evidence_url": "https://centenara.com", "confidence": "high" } ], "drug_discovery": { "verified_pipeline": [ { "candidate": "Endogena portfolio program", "stage": "phase2", "indication": "Retinitis pigmentosa / dAMD (per agingbiotech.info's own baseline note, pipeline page said 2a as of Aug'24)", "source_url": "data/companies/centenara-labs-was-rejuveron.md (baseline note)" }, { "candidate": "Rejuvenate Biomed RJx-01 (metformin + galantamine)", "stage": "phase2", "indication": "COPD-induced sarcopenia (MINT-COPD trial, patient enrollment completed June 2026, topline data expected year-end 2026)", "source_url": "https://www.rejuvenatebiomed.com/en/news/rejuvenate-biomed-completes-recruitment-in-phase-2-trial-assessing-first-in-class-multi-pathway-therapeutic-rjx-01-in-copd-induced-sarcopenia" } ], "cross_check_vs_agingbiotech": "confirms in part (agingbiotech.info's 'ph.2 trials*' clinical-stage label for the parent holding company is consistent with confirmed Phase 2 activity in at least one portfolio company, Rejuvenate Biomed; independently verified that Rejuvenate Biomed's Phase 2 MINT-COPD trial completed enrollment in June 2026 with topline data due late 2026, corroborating active clinical-stage status of the Centenara/Rejuveron family)", "notes": "Rejuvenate Biomed's Phase 2 trial is co-funded by a non-dilutive multimillion-dollar Wellcome Leap / Temasek Trust 'Dynamic Resilience' program grant in partnership with University of Leicester/NIHR, reducing Centenara's own required capital contribution for that spoke." }, "funding_raised": { "total_raised_usd_m": 86, "cross_check_vs_agingbiotech": "could not independently verify beyond agingbiotech.info's $86M figure for the parent entity itself; however, independently found that Centenara Labs (as investor) led a follow-on funding round INTO portfolio company Rejuvenate Biomed in August 2025, and originally co-led Rejuvenate Biomed's EUR15.7M Series B alongside Vesalius Biocapital, showing continued active capital deployment consistent with an operating, well-capitalized holding company, though this doesn't directly verify the parent-level $86M total", "market_cap_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [ "https://centenara.com/press-releases/rejuveron-leads-eur-15-7-million-series-b-investment-in-rejuvenate-biomed-to-accelerate-clinical-development-of-its-sarcopenia-treatment-for-healthy-aging/", "https://pitchbook.com/profiles/investor/343325-44" ] }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5 (self-assessment, single model)", "estimate_years": 0.2, "range_low": 0.05, "range_high": 0.8, "reasoning": "As a holding company, Centenara's own direct lifespan impact is best assessed through its portfolio's most advanced program (Rejuvenate Biomed's RJx-01 for COPD-related sarcopenia), which is real but narrow (a specific muscle-wasting subpopulation) and still pre-efficacy-readout (data due late 2026). No single asset across the portfolio has demonstrated clinical efficacy at a scale that would move population lifespan metrics in the near term." } ], "median_years": 0.2, "caveat": "Speculative model-generated estimate, not measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "Verification here is somewhat easier because Rejuvenate Biomed (also independently researched in this same batch) is a named subsidiary, providing cross-checkable detail on at least one spoke's real clinical progress. Other listed portfolio companies (Rejuveron Senescence Tx, Rejuveron Telomere Tx, Rejuveron Vascular Tx, Boost Neuro, Endogena) were not independently deep-dived given time constraints; their status is taken from the agingbiotech.info baseline note only.", "has_correction": false }, { "slug": "ossium-health", "name": "Ossium Health", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "ph.2 trials, commercial", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2016", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 5.84, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": true, "verified": true, "source_score": 57.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 59, "source_score_k3": 55, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output": { "aggregate_founder_h_index": null, "notes": "Key team Kevin Caldwell (CEO) and Erik Woods (co-founder/CSO) are biotech operators/cryobiology specialists, not primarily measured by academic h-index; not independently pursued given time budget, prioritizing pipeline/funding verification per spec.", "company_publication_count": null, "source_urls": [ "https://ossiumhealth.com/company/" ] }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Hematopoietic Stem Cell Aging", "discovery": "Ossium built the world's first bank of on-demand, cryopreserved bone marrow, recovering viable vertebral-body marrow from deceased organ donors (via organ procurement organization partnerships) rather than relying solely on living donors. This creates an allogeneic HSC/MSC supply chain that can be HLA-matched and shipped within days rather than months, addressing a major bottleneck in transplant medicine relevant to hematologic disease and aging-related bone marrow failure.", "year": "2016-2021", "evidence_url": "https://ossiumhealth.com/company/", "confidence": "high" } ], "drug_discovery": { "verified_pipeline": [ { "candidate": "OssiGraft", "stage": "phase2", "indication": "Bone matrix allografts for musculoskeletal defects (per baseline; some products at commercial stage)", "source_url": "data/companies/ossium-health.md" }, { "candidate": "Cryopreserved bone marrow product (GVHD / multivisceral transplant support)", "stage": "phase2", "indication": "Graft-versus-host disease, multivisceral transplant tolerance", "source_url": "https://www.forbes.com/sites/richardnieva/2026/07/28/next-billion-dollar-startups-2026/" } ], "cross_check_vs_agingbiotech": "could not independently verify exact clinical-trial-level detail beyond agingbiotech.info's baseline ('ph.2 trials, commercial', 9 clinical trials); did independently confirm the company remains active and growing, being named to Forbes' 2026 'Next Billion-Dollar Startups' list (July 2026), which corroborates continued operating and growth status but does not itself confirm trial phase specifics", "notes": "Named a Forbes 'Next Billion-Dollar Startup' for 2026, a strong independent signal of investor/market confidence, though not itself a clinical-trial verification." }, "funding_raised": { "total_raised_usd_m": 128, "cross_check_vs_agingbiotech": "differs (agingbiotech.info's $137M figure is close to but not exactly matching independently found round-by-round figures: Series A ~$10M (2018), Series B $63M (March 2021), Series C $52M (July 2023), plus a $3.46M CIRM grant (2023) = approximately $128M by direct sum, with some aggregators citing figures as high as $158M depending on what convertible notes/grants are included. The discrepancy is modest, likely explained by different treatment of grants/bridge financing, and does not indicate a major factual error)", "market_cap_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [ "https://startupintros.com/news/2021-03-01-ossium-health-series-b", "https://multiples.vc/private-comps/ossium-health", "https://www.forbes.com/sites/richardnieva/2026/07/28/next-billion-dollar-startups-2026/" ] }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5 (self-assessment, single model)", "estimate_years": 0.25, "range_low": 0.05, "range_high": 1.0, "reasoning": "Ossium's cryopreserved bone marrow bank primarily addresses a logistics/access bottleneck in existing transplant medicine (faster HLA-matched marrow availability) rather than a novel biological anti-aging mechanism; its impact is real for patients needing transplants for hematologic disease and organ transplant tolerance but is not itself a hallmark-of-aging intervention with population-wide lifespan-extension potential. Impact is likely concentrated in improved outcomes/access for a specific patient population rather than broad healthspan extension." } ], "median_years": 0.25, "caveat": "Speculative model-generated estimate, not measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "Ossium's funding figure has minor discrepancies across sources ($128M vs $137M vs $158M) likely due to inclusion/exclusion of grants and bridge notes; flagged as a modest 'differs' rather than a major correction. Forbes 2026 'Next Billion-Dollar Startups' listing is a useful independent signal of continued growth/traction beyond agingbiotech.info's static snapshot.", "has_correction": true }, { "slug": "vaxxinity-website-removed-all-info-intentionally", "name": "Vaxxinity (website removed all info intentionally*)", "operating_status": "operating*", "clinical_stage": "ph.3 trials", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2014", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 5.06, "public": "no*", "has_deep_research": true, "verified": true, "source_score": 57.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 52, "source_score_k3": 62, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output": { "aggregate_founder_h_index": null, "notes": "Vaxxinity's scientific origins trace to United Neuroscience (its former name) and synthetic peptide vaccine research; current listed 'key team' field was empty in baseline. Not independently pursued given time budget; company-level pipeline verification prioritized per spec.", "company_publication_count": null, "source_urls": [ "https://www.alzforum.org/therapeutics/ub-312" ] }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Proteinopathies (tau, amyloid, alpha-synuclein)", "discovery": "UB-312 is an active immunotherapy (synthetic peptide vaccine) designed to train the patient's own immune system to generate antibodies against toxic, aggregated forms of alpha-synuclein, the primary pathological driver of Parkinson's disease and related synucleinopathies (MSA, Lewy body dementia). Phase 1 (Part B) data published in Nature Medicine (June 2024) showed the vaccine successfully crossed the blood-brain barrier proxy (reduced CSF levels of aggregated alpha-synuclein), induced robust antibody responses, and patients with detectable antibody titers showed improvement in motor experiences of daily living, a genuinely notable proof-of-concept result for an active vaccine approach to a neurodegenerative proteinopathy.", "year": "2024", "evidence_url": "https://www.biospace.com/vaxxinity-ub-312-parkinson-s-trial-results-published-in-nature-medicine", "confidence": "high" } ], "drug_discovery": { "verified_pipeline": [ { "candidate": "UB-312", "stage": "phase2", "indication": "Parkinson's disease and Multiple System Atrophy (synucleinopathies); investigator-initiated Phase 1b trial (NCT05634876, with NYU Grossman School of Medicine) reached estimated completion Feb/Apr 2025, officially marked 'Completed' on registries in early 2026; company transitioning toward Phase 2 planning as of 2026", "source_url": "https://www.centerwatch.com/clinical-trials/listings/NCT05634876/ub-312-in-patients-with-synucleinopathies" } ], "cross_check_vs_agingbiotech": "differs modestly (agingbiotech.info's baseline lists overall company clinical stage as 'ph.3 trials' across its broader portfolio (AD, PD, CVD, Covid indications, 9 clinical trials); independently, the flagship PD/MSA asset UB-312 itself is specifically at Phase 1b completion/transitioning to Phase 2, not Phase 3. The 'ph.3' label likely reflects a different program in the company's broader portfolio (e.g. a cholesterol or Covid vaccine candidate) not the PD asset specifically verified here; could not verify which specific asset is at Phase 3 given the company's information-scarce, delisted public profile)", "notes": "Vaxxinity's self-imposed information blackout (per baseline note, 'website removed all info intentionally' as of Aug'24) makes independent verification of the FULL portfolio's clinical stage genuinely difficult; UB-312 for Parkinson's/MSA specifically is well-documented via peer-reviewed publication and ClinicalTrials.gov, but other indications' current status could not be independently confirmed in the time available." }, "funding_raised": { "total_raised_usd_m": 9.3, "cross_check_vs_agingbiotech": "could not independently verify or update this figure; company's OTC/delisted status and self-imposed information blackout limit available public financial disclosure beyond what agingbiotech.info already captured. Company voluntarily delisted from Nasdaq (official May 9, 2024) after falling below the $1.00 minimum bid price requirement, now trades OTC under ticker VAXX/VAXXF", "market_cap_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [ "https://www.investing.com/news/company-news/vaxxinity-to-voluntarily-delist-from-nasdaq-93CH-3387288", "https://www.fiercebiotech.com/biotech/vaxxinity-retreats-abusive-relationship-after-3-years-public-markets" ] }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5 (self-assessment, single model)", "estimate_years": 0.15, "range_low": 0.02, "range_high": 0.6, "reasoning": "UB-312's Phase 1b Nature Medicine data is a genuinely interesting proof-of-concept for active immunotherapy against alpha-synuclein pathology, a real and scientifically credible target relevant to a large aging population (Parkinson's disease affects millions). However, the program remains at the Phase 1-to-2 transition with no efficacy trial yet completed, and the company's opaque financial/informational posture (delisted, information blackout) adds execution risk beyond typical clinical risk." } ], "median_years": 0.15, "caveat": "Speculative model-generated estimate, not measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "Vaxxinity is a genuinely difficult company to research given its self-imposed information blackout (confirmed still ongoing) and delisted/OTC status, which limits available disclosure. UB-312 for Parkinson's specifically is well-documented via a peer-reviewed Nature Medicine publication and ClinicalTrials.gov, giving high confidence on that specific program, but the baseline's broader 'ph.3 trials' clinical-stage label for the whole company portfolio could not be matched to a specific verified asset; flagging as 'could not fully verify' for the company-wide claim while confirming the PD-specific asset independently.", "has_correction": true }, { "slug": "gameto", "name": "Gameto", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2020", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.01, "public": "", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 56.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 58, "source_score_k3": 55, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "biosplice-was-samumed", "name": "Biosplice (was Samumed)", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "ph.3 trials", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2008", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 7.03, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": true, "verified": true, "source_score": 56.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 62, "source_score_k3": 50, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output": { "aggregate_founder_h_index": null, "notes": "Founder/CEO Cevdet Samikoglu has a background in computational chemistry/biotech entrepreneurship rather than being a highly-cited academic researcher; a formal h-index lookup was not completed in this pass. Not in our current Tier 1 people-research batch.", "company_publication_count": null, "source_urls": [] }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "RNA Processing & Splicing in Aging", "discovery": "Developed small molecules targeting CLK/DYRK family kinases to modulate alternative RNA splicing, arrived at via original work on the Wnt signaling pathway; the approach eliminates harmful/aberrant splice-variant proteins and nudges endogenous cells toward a regenerative state, with lead candidate lorecivivint for osteoarthritis.", "year": "2008-2026", "evidence_url": "data/companies/biosplice-was-samumed.md (agingbiotech.info notes)", "confidence": "medium" } ], "drug_discovery": { "verified_pipeline": [ { "candidate": "Lorecivivint (LOR)", "stage": "phase3 / NDA submitted", "indication": "Knee osteoarthritis; NDA submitted to FDA January 2026, MHRA (UK) accepted application September 2026, EMA submission in progress", "source_url": "https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/uk-s-mhra-accepts-biosplice-s-application-for-lorecivivint-lor-in-knee-osteoarthritis-and-begins-assessment-1036527927" }, { "candidate": "Cirtuvivint", "stage": "unclear/not independently verified in this pass", "indication": "Per baseline: cancer/other indications", "source_url": "data/companies/biosplice-was-samumed.md" } ], "cross_check_vs_agingbiotech": "confirms with important nuance: baseline lists 'ph.3 trials' (22 trials), consistent with what we found, but the Phase 3 story is more complicated than a simple pass: in April 2024, two parallel Phase 3 trials (OA-21, evaluating short-term 12-week pain relief, and OA-10) FAILED their primary pain-reduction endpoints, attributed by the company to an 'unusually high placebo response' common in osteoarthritis trials. However, a third Phase 3 long-term extension trial (OA-07) showed statistically significant improvements in joint structure (via X-ray-measured medial joint space width) plus durable pain/function improvements with repeat dosing. Rather than discontinuing, Biosplice used the decade-long, 11-trial, 2,000+ patient dataset (emphasizing lorecivivint's disease-modifying/structural benefit rather than short-term pain relief) to submit an NDA to the FDA in January 2026, which has since progressed to acceptance by the UK's MHRA (September 2026).", "notes": "This is a nuanced 'mixed Phase 3' result: primary pain endpoints failed in two trials, but structural/disease-modification endpoints succeeded in a third, and the company is pursuing approval on that basis as a first-in-class disease-modifying OA drug (DMOAD) rather than a pain reliever. This mixed signal is not captured by the baseline's flat 'ph.3 trials' tag." }, "funding_raised": { "total_raised_usd_m": 778, "cross_check_vs_agingbiotech": "could not verify independently: Biosplice/Samumed is a well-known large private biotech (formerly one of the most highly valued private biotechs at ~$12B valuation circa 2018-2019) but we did not find an independent primary source restating a precise updated total-raised figure in this pass; the $778M baseline figure is plausible in magnitude given its history of large private rounds but was not independently re-confirmed here.", "market_cap_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [] }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (single-model estimate)", "estimate_years": 0.05, "range_low": 0.0, "range_high": 0.2, "reasoning": "Knee osteoarthritis is a major healthspan/mobility/quality-of-life burden in aging populations but not a primary direct driver of mortality; even a successful disease-modifying OA drug would be expected to improve function and possibly reduce OA-associated secondary risks (reduced mobility -> deconditioning -> other health risks) more than directly extend lifespan. The mixed Phase 3 pain-endpoint failures also add regulatory uncertainty despite the positive structural data." } ], "median_years": 0.05, "caveat": "Speculative model-generated estimate, not measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "The lorecivivint story is a good illustration of why 'Phase 3' alone is an incomplete signal: primary endpoints failed in two trials but a third succeeded on a different (structural) endpoint, and the company is pursuing a novel DMOAD regulatory strategy on that basis. NDA submission (Jan 2026) and MHRA acceptance (Sept 2026) represent genuine forward progress since whatever date the baseline was scraped, assuming the baseline predates these submissions.", "has_correction": false }, { "slug": "casma-therapeutics", "name": "Casma Therapeutics", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "pre-clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2018", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 2.01, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 55.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 61, "source_score_k3": 50, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "blue-rock-therapeutics-owned-by-bayer", "name": "Blue Rock Therapeutics (owned by Bayer)", "operating_status": "acquired*, operating independ.", "clinical_stage": "ph.1 trials", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2016", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 4.16, "public": "public owner", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 55.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 68, "source_score_k3": 42, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "alchemab-therapeutics", "name": "Alchemab Therapeutics", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "pre-clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2019", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 4.24, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 54.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 54, "source_score_k3": 54, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "lineage-cell-therapeutics", "name": "Lineage Cell Therapeutics", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "ph.2 trials", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "1990", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 2.34, "public": "yes", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 53.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 55, "source_score_k3": 52, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "mitotech", "name": "Mitotech", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "ph.3 trials", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2009", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 4.29, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 53.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 48, "source_score_k3": 58, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "cerevance", "name": "Cerevance", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "ph.3 trials", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2016", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 1.65, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 53.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 58, "source_score_k3": 48, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "mitokinin", "name": "Mitokinin", "operating_status": "acquired*", "clinical_stage": "pre-clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2017", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.54, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 52.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 57, "source_score_k3": 48, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "curasen", "name": "CuraSen", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "ph.2 trials", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2017", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.03, "public": "", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 52.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 57, "source_score_k3": 48, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "metrobiotech-international", "name": "MetroBiotech (International)", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "ph.2 trials", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2014", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 2.42, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 52.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 56, "source_score_k3": 48, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "muna-therapeutics", "name": "Muna Therapeutics", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "pre-clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2020", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.86, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 52.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 54, "source_score_k3": 50, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "attralus", "name": "Attralus", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "ph.2 trials", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2019", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 5.49, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": true, "verified": true, "source_score": 51.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 65, "source_score_k3": 38, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output": { "aggregate_founder_h_index": null, "notes": "Key team listed is Mark Timney (CEO), a biotech executive; company's scientific origins trace to pan-amyloid targeting peptide research (p5+14 fusion peptide platform, originally developed in academic amyloidosis research groups). Not independently pursued given time budget; company-level pipeline verification prioritized per spec guidance.", "company_publication_count": null, "source_urls": [ "https://attralus.com/pipeline" ] }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Proteinopathies (tau, amyloid, alpha-synuclein)", "discovery": "Attralus's pan-amyloid targeting platform (built on a p5+14 fusion peptide construct) was designed to bind essentially all major amyloid fibril types (ATTR, AL, Abeta, tau, alpha-synuclein) rather than a single disease-specific amyloid, enabling both a universal diagnostic imaging agent (AT-01/evuzamitide) and a pan-amyloid removal therapeutic (AT-02). In Aug 2026, Phase III REVEAL trial data (now under Bayer, which acquired AT-01/AT-05 in Jan 2026) showed 94% sensitivity and 86% specificity for detecting cardiac amyloidosis via PET/CT, published in JAMA and presented at ESC Congress.", "year": "2026", "evidence_url": "https://www.bayer.com/media/en-us/phase-iii-reveal-study-with-investigational-pet-radiotracer-iodine-124-evuzamitide-presented-as-late-breaker-at-esc-2026/", "confidence": "high" } ], "drug_discovery": { "verified_pipeline": [ { "candidate": "AT-01 (124-Iodine-evuzamitide) - now Bayer-owned", "stage": "phase3", "indication": "Cardiac amyloidosis diagnostic imaging (AL and ATTR subtypes)", "source_url": "https://www.bayer.com/en-us/united-states/news-and-stories/2026/acquisition-of-pan-amyloid-radiotracers-from-attralus" }, { "candidate": "AT-02 (zamubafusp alfa)", "stage": "phase2", "indication": "AL amyloidosis (pan-amyloid removal therapeutic); Orphan Drug Designation (June 2026) and Fast Track Designation (Aug 2026) granted by FDA", "source_url": "https://amyloidosis.org/attralus-has-been-granted-u-s-fda-fast-track-designation-for-zamubafusp-alfa-at-02-for-the-treatment-of-al-amyloidosis/" } ], "cross_check_vs_agingbiotech": "differs (agingbiotech.info's baseline lists clinical stage as 'ph.2 trials' with Tx/Dx modalities and 3 clinical trials; independently found a major corporate development not reflected in baseline: in January 2026, Attralus sold/licensed its diagnostic imaging assets AT-01 and AT-05 to Bayer in a definitive acquisition agreement, retaining only the therapeutic pan-amyloid-removal program (AT-02) in-house. AT-01 itself has since advanced to Phase 3 (REVEAL trial) under Bayer with strong topline results (Aug 2026), which is well beyond the Phase 2 baseline for that specific asset)", "notes": "This is a significant corporate restructuring not captured in the agingbiotech.info baseline: Attralus effectively became a therapeutics-only company after divesting its diagnostics franchise to Bayer, while that diagnostic franchise (AT-01) has since posted strong Phase 3 data under new ownership." }, "funding_raised": { "total_raised_usd_m": 198, "cross_check_vs_agingbiotech": "confirms (agingbiotech.info's $198M figure closely matches independently found aggregate of 'over $201 million' in venture funding raised, including a $56M Series B/financing round closed February 2024 led by Alpha Wave Ventures with Bristol Myers Squibb participation; the Bayer asset sale in Jan 2026 provided additional non-dilutive capital influx with financial terms not publicly disclosed)", "market_cap_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [ "https://www.venbio.com/attralus-closes-56-million-financing/", "https://startupfundraising.com/companies/attralus", "https://www.bayer.com/en-us/united-states/news-and-stories/2026/acquisition-of-pan-amyloid-radiotracers-from-attralus" ] }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5 (self-assessment, single model)", "estimate_years": 0.3, "range_low": 0.05, "range_high": 1.0, "reasoning": "AT-02's mechanism (pan-amyloid removal) is scientifically compelling for a genuine hallmark of aging (proteostasis failure/amyloid accumulation) and has now cleared Phase 2 interim data plus regulatory Fast Track/Orphan designations for AL amyloidosis, a real but narrow disease population. Broader relevance to common age-related proteinopathies (Alzheimer's, Parkinson's) is theoretically possible given the pan-amyloid mechanism but remains unexplored clinically in this specific pipeline. Near-term impact is likely concentrated in the AL amyloidosis population rather than broad population aging." } ], "median_years": 0.3, "caveat": "Speculative model-generated estimate, not measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "Notable finding: major corporate restructuring (Bayer acquisition of diagnostics assets, Jan 2026) not reflected in agingbiotech.info's baseline profile; recommend flagging for dataset update since this changes the company's effective pipeline composition (now therapeutics-only) even though the divested asset (AT-01) has since posted strong independent Phase 3 results under Bayer. Funding figure closely confirms baseline.", "has_correction": true }, { "slug": "aeovian", "name": "Aeovian", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "ph.1 trials", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2012", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 4.78, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 51.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 54, "source_score_k3": 48, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "1e-therapeutics", "name": "1E Therapeutics", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "pre-clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2020", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.29, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 51.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 44, "source_score_k3": 58, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "unity-biotechnology", "name": "Unity Biotechnology", "operating_status": "defunct*", "clinical_stage": "ph.2 trials", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2011", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.18, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 49.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 54, "source_score_k3": 45, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "mitobridge", "name": "Mitobridge", "operating_status": "acquired*", "clinical_stage": "ph.2 trials", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2013", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.47, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 49.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 64, "source_score_k3": 34, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "immunis-inc", "name": "Immunis Inc.", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "ph.2 trials", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2018", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 7.36, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": true, "verified": true, "source_score": 48.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 55, "source_score_k3": 42, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output": { "aggregate_founder_h_index": null, "notes": "Founder Hans Keirstead is a stem-cell biologist (formerly UC Irvine, known for earlier spinal-cord-injury stem-cell work at Geron/California Stem Cell) with a substantial academic track record; a formal h-index/citation lookup was not completed in this pass. Not in our current Tier 1 people-research batch.", "company_publication_count": null, "source_urls": [] }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Stem Cell Exhaustion", "discovery": "Developed IMM01-STEM (originally IMMUNA), a cell-free secretome-based biologic derived from stem cells, targeting age-driven immune dysfunction (immunosenescence), muscle regeneration, and metabolic decline; positioned specifically to address sarcopenic obesity, including muscle loss associated with GLP-1 weight-loss drug use.", "year": "2018-2026", "evidence_url": "https://immunisbiomedical.com/news-media/press-releases/immunis-closes-25-million-series-a-1-financing-round/", "confidence": "high" } ], "drug_discovery": { "verified_pipeline": [ { "candidate": "IMM01-STEM (IMMUNA)", "stage": "phase2", "indication": "Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in seniors (STEM-META program); FDA cleared Phase 2 in late 2024", "source_url": "https://immunisbiomedical.com/news-media/press-releases/fda-grants-clearance-for-immunis-phase-ii-sarcopenic-obesity-trial/" } ], "cross_check_vs_agingbiotech": "confirms and updates significantly: the baseline lists 'ph.2 trials' (3 trials) for muscle atrophy/wounds/metabolic/neuro/immune diseases in humans and dogs, product name IMMUNA. We independently confirmed FDA clearance (late 2024) for a Phase 2 sarcopenic obesity trial (STEM-META program) using AI-driven 3D MRI muscle imaging (partnered with Springbok Analytics), and found positive interim Phase 2 results reported January 2026: a 26% improvement in gait speed vs. placebo, with preserved muscle mass and enhanced metabolic function in treated seniors with muscle weakness and obesity. This is a real efficacy signal not captured in the static baseline.", "notes": "The renaming from 'IMMUNA' (baseline product name) to 'IMM01-STEM' (current designation in company press releases) should be noted for anyone cross-referencing older vs. newer company materials; these refer to the same candidate." }, "funding_raised": { "total_raised_usd_m": 32, "cross_check_vs_agingbiotech": "differs (explain): the baseline's $32M total-raised figure predates two subsequent rounds we independently confirmed: a $25M Series A-1 financing closed January 2025 (led by existing investors Remiges Ventures, Continuum Health Ventures, BOLD Capital Partners, joined by new investors LifeSpan Vision Ventures, JLS Fund, and an undisclosed global insurance company) specifically to fund the STEM-META Phase 2 trials, and a further $12M round (May-June 2026) following positive interim Phase 2 data, bringing lifetime funding to approximately $67.4M per company disclosure, more than double the baseline figure.", "market_cap_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [ "https://immunisbiomedical.com/news-media/press-releases/immunis-closes-25-million-series-a-1-financing-round/", "https://www.revenanas.com/signals/immunis-inc-funding-2026-06-19" ] }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (single-model estimate)", "estimate_years": 0.1, "range_low": 0.0, "range_high": 0.4, "reasoning": "Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity are meaningfully associated with frailty, falls, and downstream mortality in seniors, and Immunis has a credible, independently-reported positive interim Phase 2 efficacy signal (26% gait-speed improvement), which is more concrete de-risking than most companies in this batch have shown at this stage. However, it remains Phase 2, gait speed is a functional/quality-of-life surrogate rather than a mortality endpoint, and a Phase 3 program with clear regulatory pathway has not yet been confirmed." } ], "median_years": 0.1, "caveat": "Speculative model-generated estimate, not measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "One of the more encouraging independent findings in this batch: Immunis has real positive interim Phase 2 data (26% gait speed improvement) plus two funding rounds since the baseline snapshot, more than doubling total raised. Recommend flagging data/companies/immunis-inc.md for a funding/pipeline-stage update.", "has_correction": true }, { "slug": "cyclarity", "name": "Cyclarity", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "ph.1 trials", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2019", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 3.91, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 48.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 54, "source_score_k3": 42, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "trudiagnostic", "name": "TruDiagnostic", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "commercial", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2019", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.02, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 48.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 54, "source_score_k3": 42, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "endogena-therapeutics", "name": "Endogena Therapeutics", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "ph.2 trials", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2016", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 3.98, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 47.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 44, "source_score_k3": 50, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "thymmune-therapeutics", "name": "Thymmune Therapeutics", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "pre-clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2019", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 2.84, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 47.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 46, "source_score_k3": 48, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "longeveron", "name": "Longeveron", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "ph.2 trials", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2014", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 5.09, "public": "yes", "has_deep_research": true, "verified": true, "source_score": 46.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 52, "source_score_k3": 40, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output": { "aggregate_founder_h_index": null, "notes": "Co-founder Joshua Hare is an academically notable cardiovascular/stem cell researcher (University of Miami) with substantial peer-reviewed publication history in cardiac stem cell therapy; not independently profiled in our Tier 1 people batch as of this writing. Full h-index lookup not pursued given time budget; noted as plausible medium-to-high academic output given his university research career predates Longeveron.", "company_publication_count": null, "source_urls": [ "https://investors.longeveron.com" ] }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Neuroinflammation", "discovery": "Phase 2a CLEAR MIND trial results for laromestrocel (Lomecel-B), an allogeneic bone-marrow-derived MSC therapy, published in Nature Medicine (March 2025), showing safety, improved cognitive function/quality of life, and reduced brain volume loss in mild Alzheimer's disease patients. Follow-up data presented at AAIC 2026 (July 2026) showed the therapy significantly reduced neuroinflammation in key brain regions, correlating with the earlier clinical/cognitive benefits.", "year": "2025-2026", "evidence_url": "https://www.biospace.com/press-releases/longeveron-announces-nature-medicine-publication-of-results-of-phase-2a-clinical-trial-evaluating-laromestrocel-lomecel-b-in-alzheimers-disease", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Regenerative Medicine / Tissue Engineering", "discovery": "Lomecel-B was the first cellular therapeutic to receive FDA Regenerative Medicine Advanced Therapy (RMAT) designation specifically for Alzheimer's disease, per agingbiotech.info's baseline note (Jul'24), a designation status independently corroborated as still active/referenced in 2025-2026 company communications.", "year": "2024", "evidence_url": "https://investors.longeveron.com", "confidence": "medium" } ], "drug_discovery": { "verified_pipeline": [ { "candidate": "Laromestrocel (Lomecel-B)", "stage": "phase2", "indication": "Mild Alzheimer's disease; Phase 2a (CLEAR MIND) published Nature Medicine March 2025; FDA agreed (Type B meeting, March 2025) that a single pivotal seamless adaptive Phase 2/3 could support BLA submission", "source_url": "https://investors.longeveron.com/news/News/news-details/2025/Longeveron-Announces-Positive-Type-B-Meeting-with-U-S--FDA-Regarding-Pathway-to-BLA-for-Laromestrocel-Lomecel-BTM-in-Alzheimers-Disease/default.aspx" }, { "candidate": "Laromestrocel (Lomecel-B)", "stage": "phase2", "indication": "Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (HLHS), infants - Phase 2b 'ELPIS II' trial FAILED primary efficacy endpoint (announced Sept 16, 2026)", "source_url": "https://www.biospace.com/drug-development/longeverons-shares-crash-as-stem-cell-therapy-flunks-mid-stage-cardio-trial" } ], "cross_check_vs_agingbiotech": "differs (agingbiotech.info's baseline lists clinical stage 'ph.2 trials' generally, consistent with confirmed Phase 2 status across programs; however baseline does not capture the major Sept 2026 negative readout: the Phase 2b ELPIS II trial in HLHS infants failed its primary efficacy endpoint, triggering a >50% single-day stock price crash and prompting a full corporate strategic review. This is a materially negative update not reflected in the static baseline profile)", "notes": "Mixed picture: the Alzheimer's program (CLEAR MIND) continues to show positive signals (Nature Medicine publication, AAIC 2026 neuroinflammation data, favorable FDA Type B meeting outcome), while the HLHS pediatric cardiac program failed its Phase 2b primary endpoint in Sept 2026, a major setback that has put the company in financial distress." }, "funding_raised": { "total_raised_usd_m": 34.0, "cross_check_vs_agingbiotech": "could not independently re-verify the precise $34.0M cumulative raised figure, but independently confirmed severe financial distress consistent with a small, thinly-capitalized company: as of Sept 2026 cash on hand was just over $10M (sufficient only through end of 2026), and the company enacted a 1-for-10 reverse stock split on Aug 24, 2026 to regain Nasdaq compliance after its share price fell below the $1.00 minimum", "market_cap_usd_m": 9, "source_urls": [ "https://www.tradingview.com/news/tradingview:d0a57f47d2a51:0-longeveron-reports-elpis-ii-misses-primary-endpoint-to-analyze-data-explore-strategic-options/", "https://www.syfe.com/stocks/us/lgvn" ] }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5 (self-assessment, single model)", "estimate_years": 0.1, "range_low": 0.0, "range_high": 0.6, "reasoning": "The Alzheimer's program has genuinely promising Phase 2a biology (published in Nature Medicine, corroborated neuroinflammation reduction data) but remains far from a pivotal/registrational trial, which itself depends on the company securing a licensing partner or fresh non-dilutive funding given its critical cash position (~$10M, sub-$10M market cap as of Sept 2026). The Sept 2026 Phase 2b HLHS trial failure and subsequent strategic review materially raise the risk that the company may not survive to advance any program to approval independently, reducing near-term probability-weighted impact despite genuinely interesting underlying science." } ], "median_years": 0.1, "caveat": "Speculative model-generated estimate, not measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "Notable finding: Longeveron is in acute financial distress as of the research date (sub-$10M market cap, ~$10M cash runway only through end of 2026, 1-for-10 reverse split in Aug 2026, and a major Phase 2b trial failure on Sept 16, 2026 triggering a formal strategic review of 'all options'). This is a much more precarious corporate state than the static agingbiotech.info baseline conveys, despite the underlying Alzheimer's science (Nature Medicine-published) remaining genuinely positive. Recommend flagging for a near-term re-check given the ongoing strategic review could result in acquisition, partnership, or wind-down within months.", "has_correction": true }, { "slug": "rejuvenate-bio", "name": "Rejuvenate Bio", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "pre-clinical; vet clinical trials", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2017", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 2.77, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 46.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 57, "source_score_k3": 35, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "hcw-biologics", "name": "HCW Biologics", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "ph.2 trials", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2018", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 1.88, "public": "yes", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 46.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 57, "source_score_k3": 35, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "cynata-therapeutics", "name": "Cynata Therapeutics", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "ph.3 trials*", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2011", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 1.01, "public": "yes", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 46.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 62, "source_score_k3": 30, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "adx-neurosciences", "name": "ADx Neurosciences", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "commercial", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2011", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.02, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 46.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 49, "source_score_k3": 43, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "rejuvenate-biomed", "name": "Rejuvenate Biomed", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "ph.1 trials*", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2017", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 5.08, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": true, "verified": true, "source_score": 45.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 43, "source_score_k3": 48, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output": { "aggregate_founder_h_index": null, "notes": "Key team listed as Ann Beli\u00ebn (CEO), a biotech executive; company's scientific approach uses an in-house AI/computational drug-repurposing platform rather than being founded by a single academically-notable scientist. Not independently pursued given time budget.", "company_publication_count": 1, "source_urls": [ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37551712/" ] }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Geroscience-Guided Drug Repurposing", "discovery": "Rejuvenate Biomed's core platform innovation is an AI-driven combinatorial drug-repurposing approach that pairs two already-approved drugs (metformin, an AMPK-activating diabetes drug, and galantamine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used in Alzheimer's) into a novel fixed combination (RJx-01) designed to simultaneously target multiple hallmarks of aging (company claims 10 of 12) for sarcopenia/muscle-wasting indications. This is a genuine platform-level contribution to geroscience-guided repurposing methodology, independent of whether the specific combination proves clinically superior.", "year": "2017-2023", "evidence_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37551712/ (Phase 1b results paper)", "confidence": "high" } ], "drug_discovery": { "verified_pipeline": [ { "candidate": "RJx-01 (metformin + galantamine combination)", "stage": "phase2", "indication": "COPD-related sarcopenia (muscle weakness after severe COPD exacerbation hospitalization); Phase 2 'MINT-COPD' trial, first patient dosed May 2025, enrollment/recruitment completed June 2026, topline data expected year-end 2026", "source_url": "https://www.rejuvenatebiomed.com/en/news/rejuvenate-biomed-completes-recruitment-in-phase-2-trial-assessing-first-in-class-multi-pathway-therapeutic-rjx-01-in-copd-induced-sarcopenia" } ], "cross_check_vs_agingbiotech": "confirms and updates (agingbiotech.info's baseline flagged genuine uncertainty about whether the drug was in Phase 1 or Phase 2, noting the pipeline diagram implied Phase 2 but no matching ClinicalTrials.gov entry could be found as of their Jul'24 scrape; independently confirmed the company has since clearly and unambiguously advanced into an actual, named, enrolling Phase 2 trial (MINT-COPD) with a first-patient-dosed date of May 2025 and full recruitment completion by June 2026, resolving the prior ambiguity in favor of the baseline's more optimistic reading)", "notes": "The Phase 2 trial is being conducted in the UK in partnership with University of Leicester and the NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, with primary non-dilutive funding coming from the Wellcome Leap / Temasek Trust 'Dynamic Resilience' program rather than pure venture capital." }, "funding_raised": { "total_raised_usd_m": 23, "cross_check_vs_agingbiotech": "confirms (agingbiotech.info's $23M figure is broadly consistent with the independently confirmed EUR15.7M ('~$17M') Series B round led by Rejuveron/Centenara Labs and Vesalius Biocapital, plus additional non-dilutive grant funding from Wellcome Leap/Temasek Trust for the current Phase 2 trial and a reported Aug 2025 follow-on investment from Centenara Labs; exact cumulative total not independently re-derived to the dollar, but directionally consistent)", "market_cap_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [ "https://www.rejuvenatebiomed.com/en/news/rejuvenate-biomed-secures-eur15-7-million-series-b-round", "https://www.rejuvenatebiomed.com/en/news/rejuvenate-biomed-the-nihr-leicester-brc-and-wellcome-leap-partner-for-phase-2-study-in-copd-related-sarcopenia" ] }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5 (self-assessment, single model)", "estimate_years": 0.2, "range_low": 0.05, "range_high": 0.7, "reasoning": "RJx-01 combines two well-characterized, already-approved drugs with known safety profiles, meaningfully de-risking the regulatory pathway even if efficacy for sarcopenia is unproven; Phase 2 data due imminently (year-end 2026) will be a real near-term catalyst. However, the target indication (COPD-related sarcopenia) is a specific subpopulation rather than general aging-related muscle loss, and repurposed-drug combinations for aging indications have a mixed historical track record of translating to approved, reimbursed therapies." } ], "median_years": 0.2, "caveat": "Speculative model-generated estimate, not measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "Clean verification case: baseline's own flagged uncertainty (Phase 1 vs Phase 2 status) is now resolved with a specific named, enrolling trial (MINT-COPD) with concrete dates. This is a good example of a company where deep research meaningfully improves on the static baseline rather than just repeating it.", "has_correction": false }, { "slug": "celularity", "name": "Celularity", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "ph.2 trials", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2016", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 8.32, "public": "yes", "has_deep_research": true, "verified": true, "source_score": 45.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 52, "source_score_k3": 38, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output": { "aggregate_founder_h_index": null, "notes": "Founder/Chairman/CEO Robert Hariri, MD PhD, is a notable scientist-entrepreneur (discovered pluripotent stem cells in the human placenta, holds 170+ patents in the field, also co-founded Human Longevity Inc. with Craig Venter and Peter Diamandis) but a formal h-index/citation count lookup was not completed in this pass; his notability rests more on the patent estate and translational track record than on citation metrics per se. Not in our current Tier 1 people-research batch.", "company_publication_count": null, "source_urls": [] }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Stem Cell Biology (general)", "discovery": "Hariri pioneered the discovery and characterization of postpartum placenta as a rich, ethical source of pluripotent/multipotent stem cells (via Anthrogenesis Corporation, later Celgene Cellular Therapeutics, then spun out as Celularity in 2016), including immunomodulatory placental-derived cells usable as allogeneic ('off-the-shelf') cell therapies without triggering immune rejection.", "year": "2000-2016", "evidence_url": "https://celularity.com/about/robert-j-hariri/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Immune Clearance of Senescent Cells", "discovery": "Added a senolytic program based on placental-derived NK (natural killer) cells, aiming to use immune-cell-mediated clearance of senescent cells rather than small-molecule senolytics.", "year": "2024", "evidence_url": "data/companies/celularity.md (agingbiotech.info notes)", "confidence": "low" } ], "drug_discovery": { "verified_pipeline": [], "cross_check_vs_agingbiotech": "could not verify specific trial-level detail beyond the baseline in this pass; we independently confirmed Celularity's severe financial distress, which is the more decision-relevant update. The baseline's clinical-stage tag ('ph.2 trials', 17 trials) and product/modality list (MLASCs, CAR-T, NK cells) were not independently re-verified trial-by-trial.", "notes": "The company's ability to continue funding any of its clinical programs at scale is now in serious question given its financial situation (see funding section); this is the more material finding for this company." }, "funding_raised": { "total_raised_usd_m": 400, "cross_check_vs_agingbiotech": "differs (explain): the baseline lists market cap at $40M (already very low relative to total raised of $400M, suggesting the baseline scrape already captured significant value destruction). We independently confirmed continued severe financial distress into 2025-2026: Celularity retired $41.6M of senior secured debt via an August 2025 asset-purchase/licensing deal (Celeniv Pte. Ltd.), sold/licensed its six commercial biomaterial products to NEXGEL in early 2026, missed Q1 and Q2 2026 10-Q filings (non-compliant with Nasdaq Rule 5250(c)(1), deadline extended to November 16, 2026), had its warrants (CELUW) delisted from Nasdaq (July 2026), and announced a $25M recapitalization plan in September 2026 (closing an initial $10M tranche of convertible notes at 10% interest, convertible at $1.50/share). Common stock (CELU) itself regained Nasdaq bid-price/market-value compliance in September 2026 but remains at risk pending the delayed 10-Q filings.", "market_cap_usd_m": 40, "source_urls": [ "https://celularity.com/celularity-completes-major-balance-sheet-restructuring-retires-all-41-6-million-in-senior-secured-debt/", "https://www.minichart.com.sg/2026/09/14/celularity-regains-nasdaq-compliance-on-bid-price-and-market-value-rules/" ] }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (single-model estimate)", "estimate_years": 0.02, "range_low": 0.0, "range_high": 0.1, "reasoning": "Celularity's underlying science (placental stem cells, NK-cell senolytics) has genuine historical significance via Hariri's foundational work, but the company itself is in acute financial distress with delayed SEC filings, delisted warrants, and reliance on high-interest bridge financing; management's own guidance targets mere 'cash-flow positive' status by Q1 2027, not new drug approvals. Near-term probability of any pipeline asset reaching approval and meaningfully affecting population lifespan is very low given the company's survival-mode financial posture." } ], "median_years": 0.02, "caveat": "Speculative model-generated estimate, not measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "Celularity's financial situation is materially worse and more precarious than the baseline profile suggests (which already shows a low $40M market cap against $400M raised, but does not capture the debt restructuring, delayed filings, and September 2026 emergency recapitalization). This is a going-concern-adjacent situation that should be flagged prominently to anyone using this data for investment or partnership decisions.", "has_correction": true }, { "slug": "cellular-intelligence", "name": "Cellular Intelligence", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "ph. 1 trials", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2023", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 3.84, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 45.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 45, "source_score_k3": 45, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "olatec", "name": "Olatec", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "ph.2 trials", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2003", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 4.31, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 44.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 49, "source_score_k3": 40, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "shift-biosciences", "name": "Shift Biosciences", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "pre-clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2017", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 2.77, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 44.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 52, "source_score_k3": 37, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "samsara-therapeutics", "name": "Samsara Therapeutics", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "pre-clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2018", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 2.04, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 44.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 44, "source_score_k3": 45, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "elastrin-therapeutics", "name": "Elastrin Therapeutics", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "pre-clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2017", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 1.81, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 44.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 43, "source_score_k3": 45, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "elevian", "name": "Elevian", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "pre-clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2017", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 5.56, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": true, "verified": true, "source_score": 43.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 46, "source_score_k3": 40, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output": { "aggregate_founder_h_index": null, "notes": "Elevian's scientific origins trace to Harvard researchers (Amy Wagers, Richard Lee, Lee Rubin lab lineage) whose GDF11 parabiosis/heterochronic-transfusion research in the early 2010s founded the company's thesis; current 'key team' listing (Mark Allen, CEO) is a biotech executive, not the academic founder. Founder academic h-index not independently pursued given time budget; would require attributing to the Harvard scientific founders specifically, who are not separately profiled in our Tier 1 people batch.", "company_publication_count": null, "source_urls": [ "https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/STROKEAHA.124.049908" ] }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Altered Intercellular Communication / Inflammaging", "discovery": "The company's founding thesis rests on academic parabiosis research showing that GDF11, a blood-borne growth factor, declines with age and that restoring it in aged mice can partially reverse cardiac hypertrophy and other aging phenotypes (originally published by Harvard-affiliated researchers, later built upon and partly contested in the broader literature). Company (now largely operating as successor entity 'Alevian') published new preclinical data in Feb 2025 in the AHA journal Stroke showing recombinant GDF11 (rGDF11) improved sensorimotor recovery across six independent, blinded rat models of subacute ischemic stroke.", "year": "2025", "evidence_url": "https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/STROKEAHA.124.049908", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Cardiovascular Aging & Disease", "discovery": "June 2026 bioRxiv preprint extending rGDF11's therapeutic window to hemorrhagic stroke and traumatic brain injury models, broadening the platform beyond the original ischemic-stroke focus.", "year": "2026", "evidence_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.06.04.730114v1", "confidence": "medium" } ], "drug_discovery": { "verified_pipeline": [ { "candidate": "ALE-001 / rGDF11 (recombinant GDF11)", "stage": "preclinical", "indication": "Acute ischemic stroke (subacute, 24-72h treatment window); also explored in hemorrhagic stroke and TBI", "source_url": "https://alevian.bio/" } ], "cross_check_vs_agingbiotech": "differs (agingbiotech.info's baseline listed clinical stage as 'pre-clinical' with indications including stroke, pancreatitis, wound healing, cardiometabolic disease under the Elevian name; independently found the company appears to have rebranded/transitioned to 'Alevian, Inc.' with a narrower, more focused lead program (ALE-001, recombinant GDF11 for stroke specifically) rather than the broader original indication list. The company remains preclinical, consistent with baseline, but is actively raising a new Series A specifically to fund Phase 1 trial initiation as of 2026, meaning it has NOT yet reached human trials despite ~9 years since founding (2017)", "notes": "Notably, this is one of only two companies in this batch (along with Athersys) where the corporate entity itself appears to have changed name/identity since agingbiotech.info's baseline scrape (Elevian -> Alevian), which future scrapes should verify and reconcile." }, "funding_raised": { "total_raised_usd_m": 40, "cross_check_vs_agingbiotech": "differs (agingbiotech.info's $64M figure could not be independently corroborated; the only concretely verifiable financing found was a $40M Series A in late 2021 led by Prime Movers Lab. Company (as Alevian) is described as 'actively seeking' a new Series A round as of 2026, which would be unusual language for a company that had already raised $64M+ and suggests either the $64M figure includes non-equity funding sources not found in this search, or is simply outdated/overstated. Flagging as differs rather than confirms given inability to find the additional ~$24M independently)", "market_cap_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [ "https://www.fiercebiotech.com/biotech/elevian-secures-40-million-for-stroke-recovery-and-age-related-diseases", "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/elevian-raises-40-million-series-a-to-advance-treatments-for-stroke-recovery-and-age-related-diseases-301378696.html" ] }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5 (self-assessment, single model)", "estimate_years": 0.1, "range_low": 0.0, "range_high": 0.5, "reasoning": "Still fully preclinical after roughly 9 years since founding (2017), with the underlying GDF11 heterochronic-parabiosis science itself having faced significant scientific controversy/replication challenges in the broader aging field since the original 2013-2014 papers. Given no human trial has yet begun and the mechanism remains scientifically contested, near-term population-level lifespan impact is essentially negligible; this is a longer-shot, earlier-stage bet than most others in this batch." } ], "median_years": 0.1, "caveat": "Speculative model-generated estimate, not measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "IMPORTANT FINDING: Elevian appears to have rebranded to 'Alevian, Inc.' as its current operating entity (alevian.bio), a fact not reflected in agingbiotech.info's baseline profile. This should be flagged for the main dataset to investigate/update -- unclear if this is a full legal renaming, a spinout, or a website/branding refresh, and I could not fully confirm the relationship in the time available. Funding figure discrepancy ($40M confirmed vs $64M baseline) also warrants a second look; the company's own 2026 language ('actively seeking Series A') is inconsistent with having already raised $64M+ years earlier unless most of that was spent.", "has_correction": true }, { "slug": "minovia-therapeutics", "name": "Minovia Therapeutics", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "ph.2 trials", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2012", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 5.17, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": true, "verified": true, "source_score": 42.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 52, "source_score_k3": 33, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output": { "aggregate_founder_h_index": null, "notes": "Key team listed as Natalie Yivgi-Ohana (CEO), a scientist-entrepreneur (PhD, mitochondrial biology) but not independently profiled in our Tier 1 people batch; not pursued further given time budget, prioritizing pipeline/funding/corporate-status verification per spec.", "company_publication_count": null, "source_urls": [ "https://minoviatx.com/science/mitochondrial-augmentation/" ] }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Mitochondrial Dysfunction", "discovery": "Mitochondrial Augmentation Technology (MAT): an ex-vivo cell therapy process that enriches a patient's own CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells with healthy, allogeneic, placenta-derived mitochondria before autologous reinfusion, aiming to restore cellular energy production. MNV-201 (second-generation MAT product) received two new US patents in Jan 2026 (No. 12,502,408 covering the core MAT platform, and No. 12,329,781 extending application to renal disease), plus corresponding EU/Japan patents.", "year": "2012-2026", "evidence_url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/... (globenewswire.com, Jan 2026 patent grant announcement)", "confidence": "high" } ], "drug_discovery": { "verified_pipeline": [ { "candidate": "MNV-201", "stage": "phase2", "indication": "Pearson Syndrome (pediatric mitochondrial disease); NCT06017869, FDA Fast Track (Jun 2025) and Rare Pediatric Disease designations; positive interim data (no serious AEs, positive growth signal) reported July 2025", "source_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06017869" }, { "candidate": "MNV-201", "stage": "phase1", "indication": "Low-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS); FDA Fast Track (Sept 2025) and Orphan Drug Designation (Oct 2025); Phase Ib dose-exploration ('SHANI') trial active", "source_url": "https://www.curetoday.com/view/fda-grants-orphan-drug-designation-to-mnv-201-for-myelodysplastic-syndrome" } ], "cross_check_vs_agingbiotech": "confirms and extends (agingbiotech.info's baseline of 'ph.2 trials' with Pearson/MDS/KSS/CAR-T indications and 7 clinical trials is confirmed for Pearson syndrome (Phase 2, NCT06017869), and additionally verified an active MDS program at Phase 1b with multiple new 2025 FDA designations (Fast Track, Orphan Drug) not reflected in baseline)", "notes": "Strong regulatory momentum: 4 distinct FDA designations across two indications within roughly 6 months (Apr-Oct 2025), suggesting active FDA engagement and a credible near-term development pathway, despite no pivotal/registrational trial yet underway." }, "funding_raised": { "total_raised_usd_m": 16.1, "cross_check_vs_agingbiotech": "confirms base figure, but with a major corporate development not reflected in baseline: Minovia announced (June 2025) a SPAC merger agreement with Launch One Acquisition Corp to go public on Nasdaq as 'Mito US One Ltd.', which would have brought substantial additional capital; however this SPAC deal was subsequently TERMINATED (Jan 30, 2026) by mutual agreement, and Minovia remains a private company as of research date, reassessing funding strategy", "market_cap_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [ "https://www.tradingview.com/news/tradingview:79ab1e9eb72ad:0-launch-one-acquisition-terminates-business-combination-agreement-with-minovia-therapeutics/", "https://www.fiercebiotech.com/biotech/minovia-brings-back-spac-plans-skate-icy-public-market" ] }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5 (self-assessment, single model)", "estimate_years": 0.15, "range_low": 0.02, "range_high": 0.6, "reasoning": "MNV-201's approved-designation indications (Pearson syndrome, low-risk MDS) are both real diseases with unmet need but represent narrow patient populations; Pearson syndrome especially is ultra-rare pediatric. Mitochondrial augmentation is a scientifically interesting approach to a genuine hallmark of aging (mitochondrial dysfunction), with theoretical broader applicability, but current clinical focus is disease-specific rather than aging-broad. A terminated SPAC deal (Jan 2026) suggests some financial/strategic uncertainty that could slow further development." } ], "median_years": 0.15, "caveat": "Speculative model-generated estimate, not measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "Notable finding: SPAC merger with Launch One Acquisition Corp (announced June 2025, would have created 'Mito US One Ltd.' on Nasdaq) was terminated Jan 30, 2026. This is a material corporate-status update not reflected in agingbiotech.info's baseline and should be flagged, though it does not change the fundamental funding total (still private, ~$16.1M raised per baseline, unconfirmed independently beyond that figure).", "has_correction": false }, { "slug": "neuraly", "name": "Neuraly", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "ph.2 trials", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2016", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 2.22, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 42.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 40, "source_score_k3": 45, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "amprion", "name": "Amprion", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "commercial", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2007", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.73, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 42.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 47, "source_score_k3": 38, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "caraway-therapeutics", "name": "Caraway Therapeutics", "operating_status": "acquired*", "clinical_stage": "pre-clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2018", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.67, "public": "", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 42.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 43, "source_score_k3": 42, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "vandria", "name": "Vandria", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "pre-clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2021", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 3.89, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 42.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 42, "source_score_k3": 42, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "morphoceuticals-inc", "name": "Morphoceuticals Inc", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "pre-clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2020", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 2.39, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 42.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 39, "source_score_k3": 45, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "oneskin-technologies", "name": "OneSkin Technologies", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "commercial", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2016", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.99, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 42.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 46, "source_score_k3": 38, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "restorbio", "name": "resTORbio", "operating_status": "defunct?", "clinical_stage": "ph.2 trials", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2016", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.0, "public": "delisted/ merged", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 42.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 44, "source_score_k3": 40, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "glycanage", "name": "GlycanAge", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "commercial", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2019", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.27, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 41.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 43, "source_score_k3": 40, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "deciduous-therapeutics", "name": "Deciduous Therapeutics", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "pre-clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2018", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 3.36, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 41.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 42, "source_score_k3": 40, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "advantage-therapeutics", "name": "ADvantage Therapeutics", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "ph.2 trials", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2021", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 1.64, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 41.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 48, "source_score_k3": 34, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "elysium-health", "name": "Elysium Health", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "commercial, ph.4 trials*", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2014", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 1.58, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 41.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 42, "source_score_k3": 40, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "intervene-immune", "name": "Intervene Immune", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "ph.2 trials", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2013", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 2.82, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 40.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 43, "source_score_k3": 38, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "luca-science", "name": "Luca Science", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "pre-clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2018", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 1.58, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 40.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 46, "source_score_k3": 35, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "oisin-biotechnologies", "name": "Oisin Biotechnologies", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "pre-clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2014", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 4.27, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 40.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 42, "source_score_k3": 38, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "pretzel-therapeutics", "name": "Pretzel Therapeutics", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "pre-clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2019", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 2.01, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 40.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 48, "source_score_k3": 32, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "retrotope", "name": "Retrotope", "operating_status": "defunct?*", "clinical_stage": "ph.2 trials", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2006", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.12, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 40.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 38, "source_score_k3": 42, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "cellvie", "name": "CellVie", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "pre-clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2018", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 2.46, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 39.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 39, "source_score_k3": 40, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "cognition-therapeutics", "name": "Cognition Therapeutics", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "ph.2 trials", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2007", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 3.94, "public": "yes", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 39.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 46, "source_score_k3": 32, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "rejuvenation-technologies", "name": "Rejuvenation Technologies", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "pre-clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2017", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 4.97, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 38.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 43, "source_score_k3": 34, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "elixirgen-therapeutics", "name": "Elixirgen Therapeutics", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "ph.1/2 trials", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2017", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 4.61, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 38.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 44, "source_score_k3": 33, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "epirium-bio", "name": "Epirium Bio", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "ph.1 trials", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2008", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 3.38, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 38.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 45, "source_score_k3": 32, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "ingeneron", "name": "InGeneron", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "device pivotal trials", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2006", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.64, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 38.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 39, "source_score_k3": 38, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "molecule", "name": "Molecule", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "n/a", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2018", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.02, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 38.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 44, "source_score_k3": 33, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "gero", "name": "Gero", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "pre-clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2018", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 8.28, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": true, "verified": true, "source_score": 38.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 40, "source_score_k3": 36, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output": { "aggregate_founder_h_index": null, "notes": "Founder/CEO Peter Fedichev is a theoretical physicist (PhD, University of Amsterdam, 1994, cum laude; prior faculty positions in condensed-matter/ultracold-atom physics at University of Innsbruck) who transitioned into computational drug discovery (founded Quantum Pharmaceuticals) and then aging biology/'gerophysics'. Reported to have authored 80+ publications across physics and biogerontology with notable papers including 'Longitudinal analysis of blood markers reveals progressive loss of resilience and predicts human lifespan limit' (Nature Communications, 2021) and an early highly-cited physics paper on ultracold-atom three-body recombination (Physical Review Letters, 1996). A precise h-index figure was not independently pulled from a citation database (e.g. OpenAlex/Google Scholar) in this pass; not in our current Tier 1 people-research batch.", "company_publication_count": null, "source_urls": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Fedichev", "https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=2HQQGnkAAAAJ&hl=en" ] }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Aging Clocks (multi-modal: methylation, proteomic, imaging)", "discovery": "Developed a 'dynamic frailty indicator' / resilience-based aging clock from longitudinal human blood-marker data (UK Biobank and similar cohorts), calculating that human physiological resilience declines toward zero between approximately 120-150 years of age, framing a thermodynamic/systems-level limit on human lifespan absent fundamental intervention.", "year": "2021", "evidence_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.06.479300v2.full", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Computational Biology of Longevity Pathways", "discovery": "Coined and formalized 'gerophysics,' applying statistical physics/thermodynamics/complex-systems concepts to model aging as a dynamic instability in gene regulatory networks rather than a simple accumulation of independent diseases; this framework underlies Gero's target-discovery platform used in pharma partnerships.", "year": "2022-2026", "evidence_url": "https://www.aging-us.com/news-room/physics-meets-aging-researchers-lay-the-foundations-of-gerophysics", "confidence": "medium" } ], "drug_discovery": { "verified_pipeline": [], "cross_check_vs_agingbiotech": "confirms and expands: the baseline correctly lists 'pre-clinical' stage and both the Roche/Chugai ($1B deal value) and Pfizer partnerships. We independently confirmed and dated both deals precisely: a January 2023 Pfizer research collaboration (fibrotic disease target discovery from human longitudinal data, undisclosed upfront + discovery milestones, Pfizer retains sole responsibility for downstream development), and a July 2025 Chugai Pharmaceutical (majority Roche-owned) joint research and license agreement for antibody therapies against age-related-disease targets (undisclosed upfront, up to $250M in development/sales milestones per deal terms disclosed by Chugai, though Gero representatives characterized total potential deal value including royalties as potentially exceeding $1B, matching the baseline's $1,000M figure as an aspirational total rather than a guaranteed milestone sum).", "notes": "Gero itself does not run its own drug candidates through clinical trials under these deals; it provides AI-driven target discovery, and partners (Pfizer, Chugai) take on all downstream preclinical/clinical development and cost, meaning the pre-clinical stage tag most likely refers to how early any resulting drug candidates are, not that Gero itself lacks partnerships." }, "funding_raised": { "total_raised_usd_m": 6, "cross_check_vs_agingbiotech": "confirms: the baseline's remarkably low $6M total-raised figure (relative to its pharma deal value) is independently corroborated: Gero raised a $6M Series A extension in October 2023 (led by Melnichek Investments, with VitaDAO participation), consistent with press coverage describing Gero as a capital-efficient AI/target-discovery shop that monetizes primarily through pharma partnerships rather than large equity rounds.", "market_cap_usd_m": null, "source_urls": [ "https://allsci.com/news/funding/venture-financing/gero-raises-usd-17m-to-advance-ai-driven-aging-drug-discovery-platform/", "https://www.biospace.com/physics-powered-genai-biotech-gero-raises-6m-to-find-root-causes-of-aging-and-age-related-diseases" ] }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "insilico/claude-sonnet-5 (single-model estimate)", "estimate_years": 0.1, "range_low": 0.0, "range_high": 0.5, "reasoning": "Gero's own capital-efficient model means it never directly runs late-stage trials; its lifespan impact is entirely mediated through whether Pfizer's fibrosis targets or Chugai's antibody candidates eventually succeed in clinic, which is highly uncertain and years away with no compound yet named as advancing to human testing. The gerophysics/resilience-clock framework is scientifically interesting and may improve target selection broadly across the field, a diffuse and hard-to-quantify form of impact." } ], "median_years": 0.1, "caveat": "Speculative model-generated estimate, not measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "Gero is a good example of a capital-efficient AI-platform company: its extremely low total-raised figure ($6M) against a >$1B combined pharma deal value is real and independently confirmed, not a data error. Both major partnership dates (Pfizer Jan 2023, Chugai/Roche Jul 2025) were independently pinned down with reasonable confidence.", "has_correction": false }, { "slug": "vita-therapeutics", "name": "Vita Therapeutics", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "pre-clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2019", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 3.62, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 38.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 42, "source_score_k3": 34, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "amplifier-therapeutics", "name": "Amplifier Therapeutics", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "ph.1 trials*", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2022", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 1.98, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 38.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 52, "source_score_k3": 24, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "senisca", "name": "SENISCA", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "pre-clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2020", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 3.29, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 37.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 43, "source_score_k3": 32, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "fauna-bio", "name": "Fauna Bio", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "pre-clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2018", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 2.64, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 37.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 40, "source_score_k3": 35, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "oviva-therapeutics", "name": "Oviva Therapeutics", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2021", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.0, "public": "", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 37.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 41, "source_score_k3": 34, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "gen1e-lifesciences", "name": "GEn1E Lifesciences", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "ph.2 trials", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2018", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 1.7, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 37.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 44, "source_score_k3": 30, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "fountain-therapeutics", "name": "Fountain Therapeutics", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "pre-clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2018", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 1.17, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 37.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 42, "source_score_k3": 32, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "altoida", "name": "Altoida", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "device early clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2016", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.63, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 37.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 34, "source_score_k3": 40, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "fibrobiologics", "name": "FibroBiologics", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "ph.1 trials", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2021", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 3.06, "public": "yes", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 36.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 43, "source_score_k3": 30, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "khondrion", "name": "Khondrion", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "ph.2 trials", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2012", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 1.61, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 36.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 43, "source_score_k3": 30, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "nadmed", "name": "NADMED", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "commercial", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2022", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.1, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 36.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 38, "source_score_k3": 35, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "biophytis", "name": "Biophytis", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "ph.3 trials*", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2006", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 5.05, "public": "yes", "has_deep_research": true, "verified": true, "source_score": 36.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 42, "source_score_k3": 30, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output": { "aggregate_founder_h_index": null, "notes": "Key team listed as Stanislas Veillet (CEO/co-founder), a biotech executive with a pharmacology background; not independently profiled in our Tier 1 people batch. Company's scientific origin is plant secondary metabolite/MasR agonist drug discovery, not attributed to a single academically-benchmarked founder. Not pursued further given time budget.", "company_publication_count": null, "source_urls": [ "https://www.biophytis.com/en/sec-filings/" ] }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Musculoskeletal Aging (Osteoporosis, Sarcopenia)", "discovery": "Sarconeos (BIO101), a MAS receptor (MasR) agonist derived from plant secondary metabolites (20-hydroxyecdysone), previously completed a Phase 2/3 trial (COVA study) during the COVID-19 pandemic showing a statistically significant 44% reduction in respiratory failure/death incidence, a genuine positive Phase 3-level readout, though the company has not pursued regulatory approval for that Covid indication and pivoted the same molecule toward sarcopenia and, more recently, sarcopenic obesity (muscle loss associated with GLP-1 receptor agonist use).", "year": "2021-2026", "evidence_url": "https://www.eqs-news.com/news/corporate/biophytis-has-filed-with-the-fda-for-authorization-to-initiate-sara-31-phase-3-study-in-sarcopenia/", "confidence": "high" } ], "drug_discovery": { "verified_pipeline": [ { "candidate": "Sarconeos (BIO101)", "stage": "phase3", "indication": "Age-related sarcopenia (severe, reducing Major Mobility Disability risk); SARA-31 global Phase 3 trial (~900 patients, Europe/China/Japan) with a Hong Kong joint venture (Biophytis Biopharmaceutical Holding LTD, registered June 2026 with Ronghui Renhe Life Technology) funding up to $20M over 3 years for the Asia portion", "source_url": "https://www.biophytis.com/en/phase-3-sarcopenia-trial-strategy-with-bio101-in-europe-and-asia/" }, { "candidate": "Sarconeos (BIO101)", "stage": "phase2", "indication": "Sarcopenic obesity associated with GLP-1 receptor agonist use ('OBA' trial); Brazil ANVISA approval to launch obtained Aug 2026, funded via a EUR5.3M capital increase (Sept 2026) to topline readout expected H1 2028", "source_url": "https://www.biophytis.com/en/biophytis-announces-completion-of-e5-3-million-capital-increase-to-fund-its-phase-2-trial-in-obesity/" }, { "candidate": "Macuneos (BIO201) / BIO203", "stage": "preclinical", "indication": "Dry age-related macular degeneration, Stargardt disease", "source_url": "https://www.biophytis.com/en/press-releases/" } ], "cross_check_vs_agingbiotech": "confirms and extends (agingbiotech.info's baseline 'ph.3 trials*' label with a note about the successful COVID Phase 3 readout and unclear pursuit of approval is independently confirmed in full detail; the SARA-31 sarcopenia Phase 3 trial is the company's current lead program, corroborating baseline's implication that the company pivoted away from Covid toward sarcopenia/obesity)", "notes": "Notable new strategic development not in baseline: a Hong Kong joint venture with Chinese conglomerate Ronghui Renhe Life Technology to co-fund and commercialize BIO101 in China/Japan/South Korea, registered June 2026, providing up to $20M in non-dilutive funding for Asian trial sites." }, "funding_raised": { "total_raised_usd_m": 37, "cross_check_vs_agingbiotech": "could not independently re-verify the exact cumulative $37M lifetime figure, but confirmed the company underwent significant financial restructuring in 2025-2026: repaid variable-price convertible debt and rolled over Hexagon credit lines in early 2026, delayed 2025 annual financial statement auditing due to 'technical complexities' (with share trading suspended on Euronext Growth Paris until statements were certified/published in July 2026), then raised a EUR5.3M capital increase (Sept 2026) plus EUR2.8M from BSA 2026 warrant exercises and up to $20M non-dilutive from the Hong Kong JV, extending cash runway to at least Q1 2028", "market_cap_usd_m": 15, "source_urls": [ "https://www.biophytis.com/en/biophytis-announces-the-auditing-of-its-2025-financial-statements-and-the-resumption-of-trading-in-its-stock/", "https://www.biophytis.com/en/biophytis-strengthens-its-financial-position-and-extends-its-cash-runway-into-q1-2027/" ] }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5 (self-assessment, single model)", "estimate_years": 0.2, "range_low": 0.05, "range_high": 0.8, "reasoning": "Sarconeos targets a genuine hallmark of aging (sarcopenia/musculoskeletal decline) with a molecule that already has one positive Phase 3-level readout (albeit for a different indication, respiratory failure in Covid), giving unusual mechanistic and safety de-risking relative to typical Phase 3 assets. The now-running SARA-31 Phase 3 for sarcopenia and expansion into GLP-1-associated muscle loss (a large and growing population given GLP-1 drug uptake) both represent credible near-to-medium-term paths to real population impact if successful, tempered by the company's history of financial distress (trading halts, restructuring) that adds execution risk." } ], "median_years": 0.2, "caveat": "Speculative model-generated estimate, not measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "One of the more textured verification cases: Biophytis had a real financial crisis (trading suspension on Euronext Growth Paris due to delayed audited financials) that was resolved by mid-2026, plus a new and substantial non-dilutive funding source (Hong Kong JV) not reflected in baseline. Both the positive (Phase 3 sarcopenia trial actively running, new JV funding) and negative (recent financial distress/trading halt) developments should be flagged as updates to the static baseline.", "has_correction": false }, { "slug": "gensight-biologics", "name": "GenSight Biologics", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "ph.3 trials", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2012", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 2.3, "public": "yes", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 36.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 37, "source_score_k3": 35, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "capacity-bio", "name": "Capacity Bio", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "pre-clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2021", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 1.21, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 36.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 38, "source_score_k3": 34, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "neurotrack", "name": "NeuroTrack", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "commercial?", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2012", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.26, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 36.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 43, "source_score_k3": 29, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "tranquis-therapeutics", "name": "Tranquis Therapeutics", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "ph.1 trials", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2016", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 3.8, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 35.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 38, "source_score_k3": 33, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "generation-lab", "name": "Generation Lab", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "commercial", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2023", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.32, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 35.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 43, "source_score_k3": 28, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "nuchido-time", "name": "Nuchido / Time+", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "commercial", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2017", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.56, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 35.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 30, "source_score_k3": 40, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "clock-bio", "name": "Clock.bio", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "pre-clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2020", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.35, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 35.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 38, "source_score_k3": 32, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "turn-biotechnologies", "name": "Turn Biotechnologies", "operating_status": "defunct*", "clinical_stage": "pre-clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2018", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.12, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 35.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 34, "source_score_k3": 36, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "repair-biotechnologies", "name": "Repair Biotechnologies", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "pre-clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2018", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 3.73, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 34.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 39, "source_score_k3": 30, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "pluri-inc-prev-pluristem", "name": "Pluri Inc (prev Pluristem)", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "ph.2 trials", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2003", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 2.54, "public": "yes", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 34.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 39, "source_score_k3": 30, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "vincere-biosciences", "name": "Vincere Biosciences", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "pre-clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2018", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 2.59, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 34.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 42, "source_score_k3": 27, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "yuva-biosciences", "name": "Yuva Biosciences", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "commercial", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2019", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.5, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 34.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 34, "source_score_k3": 35, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "edifice-health", "name": "Edifice Health", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "commercial", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2018", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.19, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 34.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 37, "source_score_k3": 32, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "nemalife-inc", "name": "NemaLife Inc.", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "commercial", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2018", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.03, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 34.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 35, "source_score_k3": 34, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "tecregen", "name": "TECregen", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "pre-clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2023", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 3.45, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 34.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 38, "source_score_k3": 30, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "revel-pharmaceuticals", "name": "Revel Pharmaceuticals", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "pre-clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2019", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 2.27, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 34.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 38, "source_score_k3": 30, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "life-length", "name": "Life Length", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "commercial", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2010", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.27, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 34.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 36, "source_score_k3": 32, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "yumanity-tx-proteostasis-tx", "name": "Yumanity Tx & Proteostasis Tx", "operating_status": "defunct*", "clinical_stage": "clinical trials", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2014", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.0, "public": "", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 34.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 38, "source_score_k3": 30, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "agelessrx", "name": "AgelessRx", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "commercial", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2019", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.92, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 33.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 40, "source_score_k3": 26, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "pharmatrophix", "name": "PharmatrophiX", "operating_status": "operating*", "clinical_stage": "ph.2 trials", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2005", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.21, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 33.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 46, "source_score_k3": 20, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "deeplongevity", "name": "DeepLongevity", "operating_status": "acquired (see notes)", "clinical_stage": "", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2020", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.01, "public": "", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 33.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 41, "source_score_k3": 25, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "ichor-life-sciences", "name": "Ichor Life Sciences", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "commercial, pre-clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2013", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 4.58, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 32.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 38, "source_score_k3": 27, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "tolerance-bio", "name": "Tolerance Bio", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "pre-clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2023", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 2.69, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 32.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 34, "source_score_k3": 30, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "renewal-bio", "name": "Renewal Bio", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "pre-clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2022", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 1.8, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 32.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 34, "source_score_k3": 30, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "refoxy-pharma", "name": "Refoxy Pharma", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "pre-clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2020", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.01, "public": "", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 32.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 37, "source_score_k3": 27, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "newomics", "name": "Newomics", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "commercial", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2011", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.0, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 31.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 38, "source_score_k3": 25, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "aegle-therapeutics", "name": "Aegle Therapeutics", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "ph.2 trials", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2013", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 1.79, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 31.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 40, "source_score_k3": 22, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "matter-bio", "name": "Matter Bio", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "pre-clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2022", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 1.59, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 31.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 30, "source_score_k3": 32, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "imel-biotherapeutics", "name": "IMEL Biotherapeutics", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "pre-clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2019", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.8, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 31.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 32, "source_score_k3": 30, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "epimorphy-llc-mydnage", "name": "Epimorphy LLC (MyDNAge)", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "commercial", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2016", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.01, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 31.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 30, "source_score_k3": 32, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "glyscend", "name": "Glyscend", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "ph.2 trials", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2014", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 4.05, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 30.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 43, "source_score_k3": 17, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "age-labs", "name": "Age Labs", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "commercial", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2017", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.02, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 30.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 32, "source_score_k3": 28, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "booster-therapeutics", "name": "Booster Therapeutics", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "pre-clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2020", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 1.85, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 29.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 37, "source_score_k3": 22, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "ta-sciences", "name": "TA Sciences", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "commercial, ph.1 trials", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2002", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.6, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 29.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 25, "source_score_k3": 34, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "nanna-therapeutics", "name": "Nanna Therapeutics", "operating_status": "acquired*", "clinical_stage": "pre-clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2012", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.03, "public": "", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 29.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 35, "source_score_k3": 24, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "byomass-therapeutics", "name": "BYOMass Therapeutics", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "pre-clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2017", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.65, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 29.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 28, "source_score_k3": 30, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "tamirna", "name": "TAmiRNA", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "commercial", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2013", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.02, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 29.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 38, "source_score_k3": 20, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "brainstorm-cell-therapeutics", "name": "Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "ph.3 trials", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2004", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 3.84, "public": "yes", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 28.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 39, "source_score_k3": 18, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "klotho-therapeutics", "name": "Klotho Therapeutics", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "pre-clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2016", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 2.18, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 28.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 32, "source_score_k3": 25, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "rejuversen-aka-rejuveron-senescence-tx", "name": "Rejuversen aka Rejuveron Senescence Tx", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "pre-clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2020", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.56, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 28.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 30, "source_score_k3": 27, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "muvon-therapeutics", "name": "Muvon Therapeutics", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "ph.2 trials", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2020", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 1.39, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 28.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 36, "source_score_k3": 20, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "ponce-de-leon-health-rejuvant", "name": "Ponce de Leon Health / Rejuvant", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "commercial", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2014", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.65, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 28.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 36, "source_score_k3": 20, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "longevity-ai", "name": "Longevity AI", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "commercial", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2021", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.06, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 28.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 28, "source_score_k3": 28, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "pentraxin-therapeutics", "name": "Pentraxin Therapeutics", "operating_status": "defunct?*", "clinical_stage": "ph.2 trials", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2001", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.03, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 28.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 38, "source_score_k3": 18, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "starkage-therapeutics", "name": "StarkAge Therapeutics", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "pre-clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2018", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.07, "public": "", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 27.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 25, "source_score_k3": 30, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "199-bio", "name": "199 Bio", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "pre-clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2023", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.06, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 27.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 28, "source_score_k3": 27, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "mdi-therapeutics", "name": "MDI Therapeutics", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "pre-clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2016", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.07, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 27.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 30, "source_score_k3": 24, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "methuselah-health", "name": "Methuselah Health", "operating_status": "acquired (see notes)", "clinical_stage": "pre-clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2015", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.03, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 27.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 30, "source_score_k3": 24, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "agex", "name": "AgeX", "operating_status": "defunct* as aging corp", "clinical_stage": "pre-clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2017", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.01, "public": "yes", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 27.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 29, "source_score_k3": 25, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "athersys-inc", "name": "Athersys Inc", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "ph.3 trials (Japan ph3 done)", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "1995", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 5.32, "public": "no*", "has_deep_research": true, "verified": true, "source_score": 26.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 22, "source_score_k3": 30, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output": { "aggregate_founder_h_index": null, "notes": "Key team listed as Daniel Camardo (former CEO, biotech executive); Athersys as a corporate entity effectively ceased to exist after 2024 (see below), so founder academic output attribution is moot for a going forward assessment.", "company_publication_count": null, "source_urls": [ "https://www.athersys.com" ] }, "genuine_discoveries": [ { "area": "Hematopoietic Stem Cell Aging", "discovery": "MultiStem (HLCM051), an allogeneic multipotent adult progenitor cell (MAPC) therapy, was a genuine platform-level cell therapy innovation (off-the-shelf, non-HLA-matched allogeneic stem cell product usable without patient-specific matching) explored across stroke, ARDS, trauma, and inflammatory disease. The platform and its clinical data now belong entirely to Healios K.K. (Japan) following Athersys's bankruptcy and asset sale.", "year": "1990s-2024 (Athersys); ongoing under Healios", "evidence_url": "https://insights.citeline.com/SC150055/Healios-Acquires-Bankrupt-Athersys-Expands-Cell-Therapy-RD-Programs/", "confidence": "high" } ], "drug_discovery": { "verified_pipeline": [ { "candidate": "MultiStem / HLCM051 (invimestrocel) - ischemic stroke (MASTERS-2)", "stage": "phase3", "indication": "Ischemic stroke", "source_url": "https://www.reddit.com/r/ATHX/comments/1bvb5yd/ (secondary aggregation of primary Healios/Athersys disclosures); trial TERMINATED per Healios Aug 2026 update" }, { "candidate": "MultiStem / HLCM051 - ARDS (REVIVE-ARDS)", "stage": "phase3", "indication": "Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome", "source_url": "https://healios.co.jp/pdf/healios20241210_2.pdf ; Jan 2026 Japan clinical trial plan notification" } ], "cross_check_vs_agingbiotech": "differs substantially (agingbiotech.info's baseline lists Athersys Inc as 'operating' with clinical stage 'ph.3 trials (Japan ph3 done)' and total raised $209M; independently verified that ATHERSYS AS A CORPORATE ENTITY NO LONGER EXISTS. The company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy on January 5, 2024, its stock was delisted from Nasdaq, and in April 2024 it sold substantially all assets -- including the entire MultiStem platform, patents, and clinical data -- to its longtime Japanese partner Healios K.K. for just $2.25 million, after which Athersys wound down operations entirely. Furthermore, the pivotal Phase 3 MASTERS-2 stroke trial that agingbiotech.info's baseline implicitly referenced was subsequently TERMINATED by Healios in August 2026, with the stroke indication now deprioritized in favor of an ARDS program (REVIVE-ARDS, Phase 3, entering Japan first in 2026)", "notes": "This is the single most significant discrepancy found across the entire batch. The company profiled by agingbiotech.info as 'operating' has not existed as an independent entity since April 2024. Its flagship program's pivotal trial has since been terminated by its acquirer. This entire profile requires correction/removal or re-labeling as a historical/defunct entry, with the MultiStem technology now tracked separately under Healios K.K. (Japan, publicly traded)." }, "funding_raised": { "total_raised_usd_m": 209, "cross_check_vs_agingbiotech": "differs (the $209M baseline figure likely reflects Athersys's total lifetime capital raised as a public company before its 2024 bankruptcy, which is plausible as a historical figure, but is now moot: all assets were sold for only $2.25 million in the April 2024 bankruptcy sale to Healios, meaning essentially all shareholder/invested capital was wiped out. 'Total raised' as a going-forward valuation-relevant metric no longer applies to a defunct entity)", "market_cap_usd_m": 0, "source_urls": [ "https://endpoints.news/athersys-files-for-chapter-11-bankruptcy-sells-everything-to-partner-healios/", "https://www.casselsalpeter.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/CS-BioSpace-Athersys-Adds-to-Surge-of-Biotechs-Filing-for-Bankruptcy-Sells-to-Healios-mediaclip-1.16.24.pdf" ] }, "llm_ensemble_lifespan_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5 (self-assessment, single model)", "estimate_years": 0.0, "range_low": 0.0, "range_high": 0.1, "reasoning": "Athersys Inc as a corporate entity is defunct (bankrupt, assets sold, operations wound down in 2024). Its former flagship program's pivotal trial (MASTERS-2, ischemic stroke) has since been terminated by the acquiring company (Healios). Any residual lifespan/healthspan impact potential now resides with Healios's ARDS program (REVIVE-ARDS), not with Athersys, which no longer has any ongoing independent scientific or clinical activity to assess." } ], "median_years": 0.0, "caveat": "Speculative model-generated estimate, not measured outcome. Entity assessed is defunct; this estimate reflects zero ongoing independent impact from Athersys Inc specifically." }, "researcher_notes": "CRITICAL DATASET FINDING: Athersys Inc filed Chapter 11 bankruptcy Jan 5, 2024, was delisted from Nasdaq, and sold ALL assets (including the entire MultiStem platform) to Healios K.K. for $2.25M in April 2024. The company ceased independent operations. agingbiotech.info's baseline profile (scraped 2026-09-28 per its own header) still lists Athersys as 'operating' with a $209M funding figure and 'ph.3 trials (Japan ph3 done)' status -- this is materially stale/incorrect and should be flagged urgently for correction in the main dataset, likely by either removing this entry or re-pointing it to 'Healios K.K.' as the current owner of the MultiStem technology, since the underlying platform IS still being developed (now for ARDS rather than stroke) just under different corporate ownership. This is the most consequential correction found in this research batch.", "has_correction": true }, { "slug": "hemostemix", "name": "Hemostemix", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "ph.2 trials*", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2003", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 3.83, "public": "yes", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 26.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 32, "source_score_k3": 20, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "novos", "name": "NOVOS", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "commercial", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2018", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.35, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 26.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 32, "source_score_k3": 20, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "animal-biosciences", "name": "Animal Biosciences", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "vet commercial", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2017", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.35, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 26.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 32, "source_score_k3": 20, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "genome-protection", "name": "Genome Protection", "operating_status": "defunct*", "clinical_stage": "ph.2 trials", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2018", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.07, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 26.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 35, "source_score_k3": 17, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "rejuveron-telomere-therapeutics", "name": "Rejuveron Telomere Therapeutics", "operating_status": "starting?", "clinical_stage": "pre-clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2021", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.03, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 26.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 32, "source_score_k3": 20, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "nanotics", "name": "Nanotics", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "pre-clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2015", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 1.26, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 25.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 33, "source_score_k3": 18, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "vascarta", "name": "Vascarta", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "ph.1 trials", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2020", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 2.86, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 25.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 32, "source_score_k3": 18, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "longevity-biotech", "name": "Longevity Biotech", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "ph.1 trials", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2010", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 2.07, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 25.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 30, "source_score_k3": 20, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "cyclo-therapeutics", "name": "Cyclo Therapeutics", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "ph.3 trials", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "1990", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 1.89, "public": "yes", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 25.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 35, "source_score_k3": 15, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "praetego", "name": "Praetego", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "pre-clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2017", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 1.92, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 25.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 32, "source_score_k3": 18, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "maximon", "name": "Maximon", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2021", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.08, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 25.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 32, "source_score_k3": 18, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "prodrome-sciences", "name": "Prodrome Sciences", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "commercial", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2016", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.03, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 25.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 30, "source_score_k3": 20, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "proclara-biosciences", "name": "Proclara Biosciences", "operating_status": "defunct*", "clinical_stage": "ph.1 trials", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2007", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.01, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 25.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 26, "source_score_k3": 24, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "foxo-technologies-was-life-epigenetics", "name": "FOXO Technologies (was Life Epigenetics)", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "pre-commercial", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2016", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.01, "public": "yes", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 25.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 32, "source_score_k3": 18, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "humanity-inc", "name": "Humanity Inc", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "commercial", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2019", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.13, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 24.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 23, "source_score_k3": 26, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "aelan-cell-technologies", "name": "Aelan Cell Technologies", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "pre-clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2015", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 1.47, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 24.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 28, "source_score_k3": 20, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "gerostate-alpha", "name": "Gerostate Alpha", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "pre-clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2018", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.65, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 24.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 30, "source_score_k3": 18, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { 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"clinical_stage": "pre-clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2023", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.29, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 11.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 15, "source_score_k3": 7, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "powerhouse-biology", "name": "Powerhouse Biology", "operating_status": "starting?*", "clinical_stage": "pre-clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2023", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.09, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 11.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 18, "source_score_k3": 4, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "human-rejuvenation-biotechnologies", "name": "Human Rejuvenation Biotechnologies", "operating_status": "defunct", "clinical_stage": "pre-clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2014", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.0, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 11.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 8, "source_score_k3": 14, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "thymofox", "name": "Thymofox", "operating_status": "starting?", "clinical_stage": "pre-clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.04, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 10.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 15, "source_score_k3": 6, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "silene-biotech", "name": "Silene Biotech", "operating_status": "acquired (see notes)", "clinical_stage": "", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2015", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.0, "public": "", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 10.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 15, "source_score_k3": 6, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "biosens", "name": "Biosens", "operating_status": "operating", "clinical_stage": "pre-commercial, pre-clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2019", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.02, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 10.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 14, "source_score_k3": 6, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "cellergy-therapeutics", "name": "Cellergy Therapeutics", "operating_status": "starting", "clinical_stage": "pre-clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2024", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.12, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 9.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 15, "source_score_k3": 4, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "lipidev-lipid-evolution-ltd", "name": "LipidEv (Lipid Evolution Ltd.)", "operating_status": "defunct?", "clinical_stage": "pre-clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2014", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.0, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 9.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 12, "source_score_k3": 6, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "guided-clarity", "name": "Guided Clarity", "operating_status": "defunct*? or not aging now", "clinical_stage": "pre-clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2018", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.0, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 9.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 10, "source_score_k3": 8, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "cerepeut", "name": "Cerepeut", "operating_status": "", "clinical_stage": "", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "", "agingbiotech_overall_score": null, "public": "", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 8.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 12, "source_score_k3": 5, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "eternans", "name": "Eternans", "operating_status": "defunct?", "clinical_stage": "pre-clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2017", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.0, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 8.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 12, "source_score_k3": 4, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "osiris-green", "name": "Osiris Green", "operating_status": "defunct?", "clinical_stage": "commercial", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2016", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.0, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 8.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 12, "source_score_k3": 4, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "rejenevie-therapeutics", "name": "Rejenevie Therapeutics", "operating_status": "defunct?", "clinical_stage": "", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2012", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.0, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 8.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 8, "source_score_k3": 8, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "bioquark", "name": "Bioquark", "operating_status": "defunct?", "clinical_stage": "ph.1 trials", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2007", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.0, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 7.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 8, "source_score_k3": 7, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "daphnia-labs", "name": "Daphnia Labs", "operating_status": "defunct", "clinical_stage": "pre-clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2019", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.0, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 7.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 7, "source_score_k3": 8, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "nugenics-research", "name": "Nugenics Research", "operating_status": "aborted?", "clinical_stage": "pre-clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2018", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.0, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 7.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 10, "source_score_k3": 5, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "evvia-therapeutics", "name": "Evvia Therapeutics", "operating_status": "aborted*", "clinical_stage": "pre-clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2020", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.0, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 7.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 10, "source_score_k3": 4, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "juvicell", "name": "Juvicell", "operating_status": "defunct?", "clinical_stage": "commercial", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2020", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.0, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 7.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 10, "source_score_k3": 4, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "eterly", "name": "Eterly", "operating_status": "defunct?", "clinical_stage": "pre-commercial", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2016", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.0, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 7.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 10, "source_score_k3": 4, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "longevity-bridge", "name": "Longevity Bridge", "operating_status": "defunct?*", "clinical_stage": "pre-commercial", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2017", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.0, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 7.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 8, "source_score_k3": 6, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "continuum-biosciences", "name": "Continuum Biosciences", "operating_status": "defunct*", "clinical_stage": "pre-clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2017", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.0, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 6.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 10, "source_score_k3": 3, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "ship-of-theseus", "name": "Ship of Theseus", "operating_status": "defunct?", "clinical_stage": "pre-clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2017", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.0, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 6.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 10, "source_score_k3": 3, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "cyclone-therapeutics", "name": "Cyclone Therapeutics", "operating_status": "aborted or defunct", "clinical_stage": "pre-clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2019", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.0, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 6.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 8, "source_score_k3": 5, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "zygo-bio", "name": "Zygo Bio", "operating_status": "starting?", "clinical_stage": "", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.0, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 6.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 10, "source_score_k3": 2, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "unify-pharmaceuticals", "name": "Unify Pharmaceuticals", "operating_status": "defunct", "clinical_stage": "pre-clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "?", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.0, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 5.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 8, "source_score_k3": 3, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "boinca-therapeutics-website-down", "name": "Boinca Therapeutics (website down)", "operating_status": "defunct*", "clinical_stage": "pre-clinical", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2017", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.0, "public": "", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 4.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 6, "source_score_k3": 3, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "youthereum-genetics", "name": "Youthereum Genetics", "operating_status": "defunct*", "clinical_stage": "", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2017", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.0, "public": "", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 4.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 6, "source_score_k3": 3, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "ambrosia-plasma", "name": "Ambrosia (Plasma)", "operating_status": "defunct", "clinical_stage": "", "total_raised_musd": null, "year_founded": "2016", "agingbiotech_overall_score": 0.0, "public": "no", "has_deep_research": false, "verified": false, "source_score": 4.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 5, "source_score_k3": 4, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" } ], "conferences": [ { "slug": "aging-research-drug-discovery-ardd", "name": "Aging Research & Drug Discovery (ARDD)", "start": "2026-10-01", "end": "2026-10-03", "location": "Boston, MA", "region": "North America", "regularity": "1x/yr", "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 87.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 88, "source_score_k3": 87, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output_proxy": { "notable_keynote_speakers": [ "Morten Meldal (University of Copenhagen, 2022 Nobel Laureate in Chemistry)", "Michael Levitt (Stanford University, 2013 Nobel Laureate in Chemistry)", "Tony Wyss-Coray (Stanford University, circulatory biomarkers of brain aging)", "Vadim Gladyshev (Harvard Medical School, quantifying/targeting aging)", "Ana Maria Cuervo (Albert Einstein College of Medicine, autophagy)", "Brian Kennedy (National University of Singapore)", "Andrei Seluanov (University of Rochester, comparative biology of aging)", "Alex Zhavoronkov (Insilico Medicine, co-organizer)", "Joe Betts-LaCroix (Retro Biosciences)", "Andrew Adams (Eli Lilly and Company)", "Morten Scheibye-Knudsen (University of Copenhagen, co-organizer)" ], "notes": "ARDD is one of the largest and most academically rigorous annual geroscience meetings, consistently drawing Nobel laureates, leading academic aging researchers (Wyss-Coray, Gladyshev, Cuervo, Kennedy, Seluanov), and senior pharma R&D leaders (Eli Lilly, Novartis). Co-organized by University of Copenhagen (Morten Scheibye-Knudsen) and Insilico Medicine (Alex Zhavoronkov). 12th edition in 2025 (Aug 25-29, Copenhagen); relocating to Boston for 2026 per baseline data file, part of 'Boston Longevity Week'." }, "genuine_discoveries_announced": [ { "area": "Aging Biomarker Development (general)", "discovery": "Nathan Le Brasseur (Mayo Clinic) presented on biomarkers of senescence moving from research to clinical practice", "year": "2025", "evidence_url": "https://agingpharma.org/speakers2025", "confidence": "medium" }, { "area": "Loss of Proteostasis", "discovery": "Ana Maria Cuervo presented on autophagy and selective cellular clearance mechanisms in aging", "year": "2025", "evidence_url": "https://agingpharma.org/speakers2025", "confidence": "medium" }, { "area": "AI-Driven Drug Discovery for Aging", "discovery": "Insilico Medicine (Zhavoronkov) presented on AI target discovery and clinical timelines for geroprotectors as part of the co-organizing track", "year": "2025", "evidence_url": "https://agingpharma.org/ardd2025", "confidence": "medium" } ], "drug_discovery_proxy": { "notable_pipeline_announcements": [ "Eli Lilly and Company (Andrew Adams) - metabolic and therapeutic targets in aging pharma presented at ARDD", "Novartis Biomedical Research (Collin Ewald) - regenerative pharmacological intervention drug discovery presented at ARDD", "Retro Biosciences (Joe Betts-LaCroix) - AI for rejuvenation and cell-replacement therapies", "OneSkin (Alessandra Zonari) - senolytic topical peptide skin-aging therapeutics" ], "notes": "ARDD is unusual among longevity conferences for drawing active big-pharma R&D leaders (Lilly, Novartis) alongside longevity-native biotechs (Retro Biosciences, OneSkin, Insilico Medicine), making it one of the stronger pipeline-relevant convenings in the field." }, "funding_proxy": { "notable_attending_companies_total_funding_usd_m": null, "notes": "Attending/presenting companies include large-cap pharma (Eli Lilly, Novartis) whose R&D budgets dwarf typical longevity-biotech funding figures and are not meaningfully comparable to a startup funding aggregate; Retro Biosciences reported raising over $180M since founding per public reporting, but a reliable combined total across all attending companies was not compiled in this pass." }, "llm_ensemble_field_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5", "estimate_years": 0.5, "range_low": 0.2, "range_high": 1.0, "reasoning": "ARDD is widely regarded within the field as the top annual cross-disciplinary meeting connecting academia, pharma, and longevity biotech, with real evidence of active collaboration formation (co-organized by an academic lab and a leading AI drug discovery company) and consistent high-caliber programming across 12+ editions; meaningful but bounded field-acceleration given it is a convening/dissemination function rather than a primary research output." } ], "median_years": 0.5, "caveat": "Speculative estimate of field-acceleration value, not a measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "Baseline data file confirms 2026 edition Oct 1-3, Boston MA (moved from Copenhagen), part of Boston Longevity Week; verified 2025 edition details (12th ARDD, Aug 25-29 2025, University of Copenhagen, hybrid) via web search citing agingpharma.org official program/speaker pages and EurekAlert press coverage. This is generally considered among the highest-caliber annual academic/industry longevity conferences globally; treated with slightly more depth than lighter-touch baseline given its centrality to the field and direct overlap with Insilico Medicine (Alex's own employer) as co-organizer." }, { "slug": "harvard-glenn-sympusium-on-aging", "name": "Harvard/Glenn Sympusium on Aging", "start": "2026-06-08", "end": "2026-06-08", "location": "Boston, MA", "region": "", "regularity": "1x/yr", "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 83.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 84, "source_score_k3": 82, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output_proxy": { "notable_keynote_speakers": [ "David A. Sinclair (Harvard Medical School, Paul F. Glenn Center Co-Director) - sirtuins, NAD+, epigenetic reprogramming", "Marcia C. Haigis (Harvard Medical School) - mitochondrial metabolism and aging", "Amy J. Wagers (Harvard Medical School) - stem cell function, systemic rejuvenation factors", "Bruce Yankner (Harvard Medical School) - REST transcriptional repressor and brain aging" ], "notes": "Hosted by the Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research at Harvard Medical School (established 2005), the symposium is a flagship annual Northeast-regional aging research meeting drawing presenters from Harvard, MIT, Yale, Brown, Princeton, Columbia, UConn, and Albert Einstein College of Medicine. Core Glenn Center faculty (Sinclair, Haigis, Wagers, Yankner) represent some of the most cited names in molecular aging biology; this is one of the academically strongest venues in the set given its direct institutional tie to leading labs." }, "genuine_discoveries_announced": [], "drug_discovery_proxy": { "notable_pipeline_announcements": [], "notes": "Primarily a basic-science academic symposium; no specific company pipeline announcements tied to this event were found, though Glenn Center faculty (notably Sinclair) have spun out multiple longevity biotech ventures independently of the symposium itself." }, "funding_proxy": { "notable_attending_companies_total_funding_usd_m": null, "notes": "Academic event; industry attendance exists per source description ('industry experts') but no specific funding ties confirmed." }, "llm_ensemble_field_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5", "estimate_years": 0.1, "range_low": 0.03, "range_high": 0.25, "reasoning": "This symposium is directly tied to one of the most influential aging-biology research centers in the world (Harvard's Glenn Center, home to Sinclair, Haigis, Wagers, Yankner), running annually since 2006 and serving as the Northeast's premier basic/translational aging research hub. Its field impact stems mainly from the underlying research output of the Glenn Center and affiliated Northeast institutions rather than from the symposium itself, but the convening function for trainees and cross-institutional collaboration (Harvard/MIT/Yale/Brown/Princeton/Columbia) has real, durable community value." } ], "median_years": 0.1, "caveat": "Speculative estimate of field-acceleration value, not a measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "Well-documented via agingresearch.hms.harvard.edu (official Glenn Center site with symposium page and register page) and glennfoundation.org. Annual since 2006; 2026 edition held June 8, 2026 (single day, Boston). Part of a broader Glenn Foundation consortium with sister symposia at Buck Institute (Glenn-Campisi Symposium), Mayo Clinic, Stanford, Salk Institute, and Princeton. This is among the highest-pedigree academic venues in the batch given direct affiliation with Sinclair and colleagues." }, { "slug": "cold-spring-harbor-lab-mechanisms-of-aging", "name": "Cold Spring Harbor Lab: Mechanisms of Aging", "start": "2026-09-22", "end": "2026-09-26", "location": "Long Island, NY", "region": "North America", "regularity": "", "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 83.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 87, "source_score_k3": 79, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output_proxy": { "notable_keynote_speakers": [ "Rafael de Cabo (National Institute on Aging) - 13th meeting keynote, 2026", "Linda Partridge (University College London) - 12th meeting keynote, 2024", "David Sinclair (Harvard Medical School) - 2024", "Vadim Gladyshev (Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School) - 2026", "Ana Maria Cuervo (Albert Einstein College of Medicine) - 2024", "Andrew Dillin (UC Berkeley) - 2024", "Judith Frydman (Stanford University) - 2026", "Morgan Levine (Altos Labs) - 2024", "Jodi Nunnari (Altos Labs) - 2026", "Coleen Murphy (Princeton University) - 2024", "Joseph Takahashi (UT Southwestern/HHMI) - 2024", "Johan Auwerx (EPFL) - 2024", "Guanghui Liu (Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences) - 2024", "Rozalyn Anderson, William Mair, Ashley Webb - 2026 organizers/chairs" ], "notes": "This is one of the two or three most academically rigorous conferences in the entire batch. CSHL's biennial Mechanisms of Aging meeting draws an exceptionally deep, globally distributed roster of leading molecular/cellular aging biologists, including multiple Altos Labs senior scientists (Nunnari, Levine), a National Academy of Sciences-caliber international mix (UK, Switzerland, China, Israel, Spain), and repeat top-tier US institutions (Harvard, Stanford, Princeton, UC Berkeley, Baylor). CSHL meetings are globally recognized as premier venues emphasizing rigorous, cutting-edge, often-unpublished science." }, "genuine_discoveries_announced": [ { "area": "Stem Cell Exhaustion", "discovery": "2026 program dedicated session on Stem Cells/Reprogramming featuring Jodi Nunnari (Altos Labs) and others", "year": "2026", "evidence_url": "https://meetings.cshl.edu/meetings.aspx?meet=AGING", "confidence": "medium" }, { "area": "Loss of Proteostasis", "discovery": "2026 session on Translation and Protein Quality Control featuring Judith Frydman (Stanford)", "year": "2026", "evidence_url": "https://meetings.cshl.edu/meetings.aspx?meet=AGING", "confidence": "medium" }, { "area": "Cellular Reprogramming (iPSC, partial reprogramming)", "discovery": "2024 session on Stem Cells/Reprogramming featuring Guanghui Liu (Chinese Academy of Sciences) and David Sinclair", "year": "2024", "evidence_url": "https://meetings.cshl.edu/archivesmeetings.aspx?meet=AGING&year=24", "confidence": "medium" }, { "area": "Aging Biomarker Development (general)", "discovery": "2024 dedicated session on Quantitative Biomarkers of Aging", "year": "2024", "evidence_url": "https://meetings.cshl.edu/archivesmeetings.aspx?meet=AGING&year=24", "confidence": "medium" } ], "drug_discovery_proxy": { "notable_pipeline_announcements": [], "notes": "CSHL Mechanisms of Aging is a basic-science academic meeting; no company drug pipeline disclosures were found, though several speakers (Nunnari, Levine) are senior Altos Labs scientists whose employer is a major longevity biotech." }, "funding_proxy": { "notable_attending_companies_total_funding_usd_m": null, "notes": "Altos Labs is the one notable well-funded company represented via multiple senior scientist speakers (Nunnari, Levine); broader aggregate funding not computed given the meeting's academic character." }, "llm_ensemble_field_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5", "estimate_years": 0.18, "range_low": 0.06, "range_high": 0.4, "reasoning": "CSHL's Mechanisms of Aging meeting, held biennially since at least the early 2000s (13 editions by 2026), is one of the most respected specialized venues in molecular aging biology globally, comparable in prestige to top Gordon Research Conferences. Its consistent ability to draw leading PIs across stress response/autophagy, metabolism, inflammaging, biomarkers, reproductive aging, and stem cell/reprogramming topics from top institutions worldwide (Harvard, Stanford, Princeton, EPFL, Chinese Academy of Sciences) suggests genuine, above-average contribution to cross-pollination of cutting-edge findings across the field's core mechanistic subfields." } ], "median_years": 0.18, "caveat": "Speculative estimate of field-acceleration value, not a measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "Exceptionally well-documented via official meetings.cshl.edu pages (including full abstract book PDF for 2026) and lifespan.io event coverage. 13th meeting Sept 22-26, 2026 (matches baseline data exactly); 12th meeting Sept 24-28, 2024. This is among the very strongest academic profiles researched in this entire batch, rivaling or exceeding BSRA ASM and the Harvard/Glenn Symposium in speaker pedigree and topical depth. Recommend weighting this conference highly in any composite scoring given the verifiable breadth and quality of its programming across two full meeting cycles." }, { "slug": "hevolution-global-healthspan-summit", "name": "Hevolution Global Healthspan Summit", "start": "2025 Feb", "end": "", "location": "Riyadh, Saudia Arabia", "region": "", "regularity": "~1x/yr", "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 81.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 82, "source_score_k3": 80, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output_proxy": { "notable_keynote_speakers": [ "Mehmood Khan (CEO, Hevolution Foundation)", "Prince Abdullah bin Bandar bin Abdulaziz (Minister of National Guard; Chairman, Executive Committee of the Hevolution Foundation) - patron, 2025 edition" ], "notes": "Hosted by the Hevolution Foundation, a Riyadh-headquartered, Saudi government-funded non-profit with a mandate to spend up to $1B/year on healthspan science; described by its own materials as the second-largest funder of geroscience/aging biology globally after the US NIH. GHS 2025 (Feb 4-5, 2025, Four Seasons Hotel Riyadh) drew over 3,000 participants and 150 international speakers across multiple stages (Healthspan Arena, The Foundry, Ideas Lab); GHS 2023 (inaugural, Nov 29-30, 2023) drew 1,500 participants and 100 speakers. Individual named speaker list beyond leadership not fully compiled in this research pass, but scale and funder-convening power make this one of the largest events in the field by attendance." }, "genuine_discoveries_announced": [], "drug_discovery_proxy": { "notable_pipeline_announcements": [ "Hevolution Foundation announced $55 million in venture investments across four biotechnology startups developing healthy-aging treatments at GHS 2025, including companies targeting mTORC1 inhibitors and cell therapies" ], "notes": "The mTORC1 inhibitor reference plausibly connects to Aeovian Pharmaceuticals, which separately raised $55M for a first-in-class selective mTORC1 inhibitor (per biospace.com coverage), though the exact overlap with the Hevolution-announced four-startup tranche was not independently confirmed line-by-line in this pass; flagged as medium confidence." }, "funding_proxy": { "notable_attending_companies_total_funding_usd_m": 455, "notes": "Directly disclosed by Hevolution Foundation at GHS 2025: $55M in venture investments across four biotech startups (announced at the summit) plus a cumulative $400M+ in research grants committed over the prior 20 months (supporting 200+ labs and 250+ scientists globally), for a combined disclosed figure of ~$455M tied to the Hevolution ecosystem as of the 2025 summit. This is a funder/grant figure from the host organization itself, not an aggregate of independently-funded attending companies, and should be read as Hevolution's own disclosed deployment rather than third-party company valuations." }, "llm_ensemble_field_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5", "estimate_years": 1.0, "range_low": 0.4, "range_high": 2.0, "reasoning": "Among the highest-impact events in this batch by scale and direct capital deployment: the host organization itself is the world's second-largest funder of geroscience research (after NIH), and the summit is the public venue where hundreds of millions in grants and tens of millions in direct venture investment are announced annually; this combination of convening + capital-deployment function gives it materially above-average plausible field-acceleration relative to purely academic or networking-focused conferences in this batch." } ], "median_years": 1.0, "caveat": "Speculative estimate of field-acceleration value, not a measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "Baseline file lists Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, most recent confirmed edition Feb 2025 ('~1x/yr' regularity), matching search results (2nd Annual GHS, Feb 4-5 2025, Four Seasons Hotel Riyadh, theme 'Architecting the Future'). Inaugural edition was Nov 29-30, 2023 (theme 'Together We Thrive!'). No confirmed 2026 edition date was identified in this pass; flag for baseline update if a 3rd edition date is announced. This is one of the best-documented conferences in this batch, with the host organization publishing its own funding disclosures (agingconsortium-style transparency), giving unusually high confidence in the funding_proxy figures compared to most other entries in this batch. Sources: hevolution.com official GHS pages, ghs2025.com official event site, lifespan.io independent coverage, alarabiya.net and spa.gov.sa (Saudi state media) coverage, forbes.com." }, { "slug": "cell-symposia-hallmarks-of-aging", "name": "Cell Symposia: Hallmarks of Aging", "start": "2026-10-04", "end": "2026-10-06", "location": "Seville, Spain", "region": "Europe", "regularity": "", "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 79.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 84, "source_score_k3": 74, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output_proxy": { "notable_keynote_speakers": [ "Rafael de Cabo (organizer, National Institute on Aging/NIH)", "Ana Maria Cuervo (organizer, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, autophagy)", "Luigi Ferrucci (Scientific Director, NIA/NIH; Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging)", "Guido Kroemer (Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers/Gustave Roussy; co-author of the original 2013 and 2023 'Hallmarks of Aging' papers)", "Linda Partridge (Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing; co-author of the Hallmarks of Aging papers)", "David J. Glass (Regeneron Pharmaceuticals/Harvard Medical School)", "Emma Teeling (University College Dublin, bat longevity/comparative biology)" ], "notes": "This is the single most directly tied to the foundational aging-biology literature of any conference in this batch: organized by Rafael de Cabo and Ana Maria Cuervo, with Guido Kroemer and Linda Partridge (two of the five co-authors of the seminal 2013 Cell paper 'The Hallmarks of Aging' and its 2023 update) as featured speakers, alongside Luigi Ferrucci, a leading figure in human geroscience epidemiology. Published by Cell Press (Cell Symposia series), giving this the highest pure-academic caliber of the conferences researched in this batch." }, "genuine_discoveries_announced": [ { "area": "Disabled Macroautophagy", "discovery": "Guido Kroemer's ongoing work presented at Cell Symposia meetings on integrating macroautophagy/lysosomal decline with caloric restriction mimetics and the expanded 'geroexposome' framework (molecular + social/behavioral determinants of aging)", "year": "2026", "evidence_url": "https://lifespan.io/event/cell-symposia-hallmarks-of-aging/", "confidence": "medium" } ], "drug_discovery_proxy": { "notable_pipeline_announcements": [ "David J. Glass (Regeneron Pharmaceuticals) - presented on pharma-side hallmarks-of-aging translational research" ], "notes": "Primarily a basic-science conference; Regeneron's David Glass is the main industry-pipeline-adjacent presence identified. No specific new drug candidate or clinical trial result attributed to this event in available coverage." }, "funding_proxy": { "notable_attending_companies_total_funding_usd_m": null, "notes": "Not primarily an industry/funding-focused event; no aggregate attending-company funding figure applicable or identified." }, "llm_ensemble_field_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5", "estimate_years": 0.4, "range_low": 0.2, "range_high": 0.8, "reasoning": "Direct lineage to the field-defining 'Hallmarks of Aging' framework (2013, 2023) via co-author speakers Kroemer and Partridge, plus NIA leadership (de Cabo, Ferrucci) presence, makes this one of the higher-value basic-science convenings for aligning the field's conceptual framework and cross-lab collaboration, even though it does not itself generate drug pipeline news." } ], "median_years": 0.4, "caveat": "Speculative estimate of field-acceleration value, not a measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "Baseline file lists Seville, Spain, Oct 4-6 2026, matching search results (Melia Sevilla hotel, hashtag #CSAging2026). Published/organized under the Cell Press 'Cell Symposia' series, distinct from a standalone independent conference; this is reflected in the strong direct linkage to peer-reviewed hallmarks-of-aging literature. Sources: lifespan.io event listing, mtor-atlas.org events page, and cross-reference to the well-documented 2013/2023 Hallmarks of Aging Cell papers (Lopez-Otin, Blasco, Partridge, Serrano, Kroemer et al.)." }, { "slug": "aging-related-gordon-research-conferences-seminars", "name": "(aging related) Gordon Research Conferences & Seminars", "start": "", "end": "", "location": "various", "region": "", "regularity": "many are one-time", "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 78.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 85, "source_score_k3": 72, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output_proxy": { "notable_keynote_speakers": [], "notes": "This entry characterizes the broader Gordon Research Conferences (GRC) / Gordon Research Seminars (GRS) ecosystem as it relates to aging beyond the flagship biennial 'Systems Aging' conference (which has its own dedicated research file in this dataset). GRC runs many aging-adjacent one-time or occasional conferences and seminars (e.g. on specific topics like mitochondrial biology, proteostasis, stem cells, or metabolism) that intersect with aging research without being aging-specific. GRC as an institution is globally respected for enforcing strict off-the-record norms around unpublished data, extended discussion time, and small-group, multi-day formats designed to build lasting scientific collaborations across career stages. Individual speaker rosters vary meeting-to-meeting and are not enumerated here since this entry covers the general series rather than one dated event." }, "genuine_discoveries_announced": [], "drug_discovery_proxy": { "notable_pipeline_announcements": [], "notes": "GRC meetings are strictly academic/non-commercial; no company pipeline announcements are expected." }, "funding_proxy": { "notable_attending_companies_total_funding_usd_m": null, "notes": "Not applicable to this general-series characterization." }, "llm_ensemble_field_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5", "estimate_years": 0.05, "range_low": 0.01, "range_high": 0.15, "reasoning": "As a general characterization (distinct from the dedicated Systems Aging conference already scored separately), the broader GRC/GRS ecosystem's aging-adjacent meetings provide meaningful but diffuse value: each individual occasional meeting (e.g. on mitochondria, proteostasis, or stem cells) can carry real field-specific weight, but aggregated across many one-time/occasional events with no single aging-focused identity, the marginal field-wide acceleration attributable to this general bucket, beyond what Systems Aging itself contributes, is modest." } ], "median_years": 0.05, "caveat": "Speculative estimate of field-acceleration value, not a measured outcome. This entry is a general-series characterization, not a single dated conference, so confidence is lower than for dated single events." }, "researcher_notes": "Per assignment instructions, this is a general recurring series entry to be characterized briefly rather than deep-researched as a single event. The dedicated, dated 'Systems Aging' GRC (biennial, most recently 2026 in Newry, Maine) already has its own separate, more detailed research file in this dataset (gordon-research-conferences-seminars-systems-aging-seminar-conference.json). This entry covers the residual, more diffuse set of other aging-adjacent GRC/GRS meetings not captured by that dedicated file. Per baseline data: location varies, regularity is largely one-time per topic." }, { "slug": "gordon-research-conferences-seminars-systems-aging-seminar-conference", "name": "Gordon Research Conferences & Seminars: Systems Aging (seminar + conference)", "start": "2026-06-13", "end": "2026-06-19", "location": "Newry, Maine", "region": "North America", "regularity": "every 2 years", "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 77.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 81, "source_score_k3": 74, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output_proxy": { "notable_keynote_speakers": [], "notes": "The official GRC 2026 program page (grc.org) lists a detailed 5-day session schedule with talk titles but does not publicly list individual speaker names ahead of the meeting (discussion leader/speaker fields shown as blank placeholders in the fetched program). This is standard GRC practice; speaker names are typically confirmed closer to the meeting. Talk titles indicate a strong, current, unpublished-data-focused program covering evolutionary aging, invertebrate/vertebrate models, genome/epigenome, reproductive aging, systems immunology, frailty, and biomarkers/quantitative aging. GRC meetings are widely regarded in the aging field as premier venues specifically because they emphasize unpublished, cutting-edge results and discussion over confirmed personality-driven keynotes, and the format (remote venue, 5 days, poster sessions, informal networking) is designed to build durable collaborations across career stages." }, "genuine_discoveries_announced": [ { "area": "Aging Clocks (multi-modal: methylation, proteomic, imaging)", "discovery": "Session talks on 'Strategies for Building Causal Epigenetic Clocks' and 'Responsive and Reliable Biomarkers of Aging: Rebuilding Epigenetic Clocks for Clinical Translation' presented in the Biomarkers and Quantitative Aging session", "year": "2026", "evidence_url": "https://www.grc.org/systems-aging-conference/2026/", "confidence": "medium" }, { "area": "Geroscience-Guided Drug Repurposing", "discovery": "Talk titled 'Geroprotectors Hiding in Plain Sight: Systematic Identification of Approved Drugs that Reduce Organ-Specific Biological Age'", "year": "2026", "evidence_url": "https://www.grc.org/systems-aging-conference/2026/", "confidence": "medium" }, { "area": "In Vivo Partial Reprogramming", "discovery": "Talk titled 'Conserved Master Regulators Orchestrate Cellular Reprogramming-Induced Rejuvenation'", "year": "2026", "evidence_url": "https://www.grc.org/systems-aging-conference/2026/", "confidence": "medium" }, { "area": "Germline & Reproductive Aging", "discovery": "Multiple talks on ovarian aging mechanisms including 'Systemic Control and Inter-Organ Communication of Ovarian Aging' and epigenetic deterioration of oocytes with age", "year": "2026", "evidence_url": "https://www.grc.org/systems-aging-conference/2026/", "confidence": "medium" } ], "drug_discovery_proxy": { "notable_pipeline_announcements": [], "notes": "GRC meetings are strictly non-commercial academic venues with explicit unpublished-data confidentiality norms (attendees/press generally barred from quoting/attributing content externally); no company pipeline announcements are expected or found." }, "funding_proxy": { "notable_attending_companies_total_funding_usd_m": null, "notes": "Not applicable; GRC Systems Aging is an academic-only venue." }, "llm_ensemble_field_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5", "estimate_years": 0.12, "range_low": 0.03, "range_high": 0.3, "reasoning": "GRC conferences are widely respected across biology fields for their strict focus on unpublished, cutting-edge results, extended discussion time, and multi-day informal interaction designed to build lasting collaborations, held once every 2 years for Systems Aging specifically. The 2026 program shows a broad, sophisticated agenda spanning evolutionary biology, multiple animal models, genomics, reproductive aging, systems immunology, and quantitative biomarkers, suggesting genuine cutting-edge content exchange among active researchers. However, being off-the-record and small-scale (limited attendance, remote venue), its measurable field-wide acceleration is real but modest and hard to distinguish from the counterfactual research pace absent the meeting." } ], "median_years": 0.12, "caveat": "Speculative estimate of field-acceleration value, not a measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "Sourced directly from the official 2026 program page at grc.org/systems-aging-conference/2026/, which provided a full day-by-day session schedule with talk titles (but blank speaker name fields, standard GRC practice pre-meeting). Every 2 years, next held Newry, Maine, June 13-19, 2026. This is a genuinely substantive, current academic meeting; the lack of named speakers in this profile reflects the source material's actual availability, not incomplete research. GRC's confidentiality culture (no off-site reporting of unpublished data) also limits available public detail by design." }, { "slug": "biomarkers-of-aging-conference", "name": "Biomarkers of Aging Conference", "start": "2026-10-05", "end": "2026-10-07", "location": "Boston, MA", "region": "North America", "regularity": "1x/yr", "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 77.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 76, "source_score_k3": 78, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output_proxy": { "notable_keynote_speakers": [ "Mahdi Moqri (co-director, Biomarkers of Aging Consortium; Stanford/Harvard)", "Jesse Poganik (co-director, Biomarkers of Aging Consortium; Harvard)", "Chiara Herzog (2026 conference vice-chair)" ], "notes": "The flagship annual meeting of the Biomarkers of Aging Consortium, held at Harvard Medical School's Joseph B. Martin Conference Center. This is a genuinely academic, methods-focused meeting (not a business/networking event) covering epigenetic/biological clocks, multi-omics, systems aging, and clinical translation of aging biomarkers. Co-directors Moqri and Poganik are established biomarkers-of-aging researchers with a track record of consortium-building and consensus papers in the field." }, "genuine_discoveries_announced": [ { "area": "Aging Clocks (multi-modal: methylation, proteomic, imaging)", "discovery": "Conference sessions specifically debate the validity of epigenetic/biological clocks and whether a single 'aging-rate' number is biologically meaningful, reflecting active field-level scientific discourse hosted at this meeting", "year": "2026", "evidence_url": "https://www.agingconsortium.org/2026-conference", "confidence": "medium" } ], "drug_discovery_proxy": { "notable_pipeline_announcements": [], "notes": "This conference is oriented toward biomarker validation and clinical trial readouts rather than drug pipeline announcements; no specific pipeline disclosure identified. Co-located tracks (Replacement in Aging Workshop, Gerophysics Colloquium, Brain Aging Symposium, Reproductive Aging Symposium) suggest broad translational scope, but no verifiable pipeline news found in this pass." }, "funding_proxy": { "notable_attending_companies_total_funding_usd_m": null, "notes": "Primarily an academic/consortium meeting rather than an industry-funding showcase; no aggregate attending-company funding figure identified." }, "llm_ensemble_field_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5", "estimate_years": 0.3, "range_low": 0.1, "range_high": 0.6, "reasoning": "As the field's dedicated consensus-building venue for aging biomarker standardization (a widely cited bottleneck for clinical trial design and FDA acceptance of aging as a treatable indication), this conference plausibly has above-average field-acceleration value relative to general convening events, by helping establish shared measurement standards the whole field depends on." } ], "median_years": 0.3, "caveat": "Speculative estimate of field-acceleration value, not a measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "Baseline file lists Boston, MA, Oct 5-7 2026, matching search results (Oct 5-6 main conference at Harvard Medical School's Martin Conference Center, with a Brain Aging Symposium and Reproductive Aging Symposium on Oct 7). Confirmed as a cornerstone of Boston Longevity Week 2026 (Oct 1-11), alongside ARDD and the Translational Longevity Summit. Sources: agingconsortium.org official conference page, herzog-lab.com, news-medical.net coverage of Boston Longevity Week." }, { "slug": "aging-related-cold-spring-harbor-lab-mtgs", "name": "(aging related) Cold Spring Harbor Lab mtgs", "start": "", "end": "", "location": "Long Island, NY", "region": "", "regularity": "every 2 years", "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 76.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 84, "source_score_k3": 68, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output_proxy": { "notable_keynote_speakers": [], "notes": "This entry characterizes CSHL's aging-related meeting activity in general, distinct from the dedicated biennial 'Mechanisms of Aging' conference which already has its own separate, extensively detailed research file in this dataset (13th edition, 2026, with full speaker roster documented via meetings.cshl.edu). Per baseline data, CSHL hosts an aging-themed event roughly every 2 years, which corresponds closely to the Mechanisms of Aging series itself; this general entry is likely substantially the same underlying meeting series as the dedicated file, included separately per the assignment's conference list." }, "genuine_discoveries_announced": [], "drug_discovery_proxy": { "notable_pipeline_announcements": [], "notes": "See the dedicated Mechanisms of Aging research file (cold-spring-harbor-lab-mechanisms-of-aging.json) for detailed findings; this general entry does not duplicate that content." }, "funding_proxy": { "notable_attending_companies_total_funding_usd_m": null, "notes": "Not applicable to this general-series characterization." }, "llm_ensemble_field_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5", "estimate_years": 0.15, "range_low": 0.05, "range_high": 0.35, "reasoning": "This general entry substantially overlaps with the dedicated, extensively documented Mechanisms of Aging conference (CSHL's flagship aging meeting, held biennially, 13 editions by 2026, with an exceptionally strong international speaker roster). Rather than double-count, this estimate is set equal to the dedicated file's estimate on the assumption that 'CSHL aging mtgs' in general and 'Mechanisms of Aging' specifically are, per available evidence, effectively the same series at this cadence." } ], "median_years": 0.15, "caveat": "Speculative estimate of field-acceleration value, not a measured outcome. This entry is a general-series characterization that substantially overlaps with the dedicated Mechanisms of Aging file; treat the two as largely the same underlying event rather than additive." }, "researcher_notes": "Per assignment instructions, this is a general recurring series entry to be characterized briefly. Baseline data states: location Long Island, NY, regularity every 2 years, notes 'Usually there is an aging event every 2 years' (data as of 2024-10-23). This description matches CSHL's Mechanisms of Aging conference almost exactly (biennial cadence, Long Island NY location, 13th edition confirmed for Sept 22-26, 2026). No evidence was found of a second, distinct CSHL aging-themed meeting series beyond Mechanisms of Aging; recommend treating this entry as largely redundant with cold-spring-harbor-lab-mechanisms-of-aging.json rather than an independent data point when aggregating scores." }, { "slug": "longevity-summit", "name": "Longevity Summit", "start": "2026-12-09", "end": "2026-12-10", "location": "Novato, CA", "region": "North America", "regularity": "1x/yr", "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 75.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 75, "source_score_k3": 76, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output_proxy": { "notable_keynote_speakers": [ "Eric Verdin (President/Professor, Buck Institute for Research on Aging)", "Michael Snyder (Director of Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Stanford University)", "Dean Ornish (Clinical Professor of Medicine, UCSF; Founder, Preventive Medicine Research Institute)", "Vittorio Sebastiano (Founder, Turn Bio; Associate Professor, Stanford) - 2024 edition", "Hazel Szeto (CSO, Stealth Biotherapeutics) - 2025 edition", "Jamie Justice (Executive Director, XPRIZE Healthspan) - 2024 edition" ], "notes": "Also known as the Longevity Global Summit, organized by Longevity Global; 6th annual edition in 2026, held at the Buck Institute for Research on Aging in Novato. Consistently draws a strong, credible mix of academic researchers (Stanford, Buck Institute, UCSF) and longevity-biotech founders/CSOs (Turn Bio, Stealth Biotherapeutics, Cyclarity Therapeutics, Rubedo Life Sciences, NADMed, Junevity), giving it above-average academic-industry crossover for a business-oriented summit." }, "genuine_discoveries_announced": [], "drug_discovery_proxy": { "notable_pipeline_announcements": [ "Turn Bio (Vittorio Sebastiano) - partial epigenetic reprogramming therapeutics, founder presented at 2024 edition", "Stealth Biotherapeutics (Hazel Szeto) - mitochondria-targeted therapeutics (elamipretide), CSO presented at 2025 edition", "Cyclarity Therapeutics (Matthew O'Connor) - cyclodextrin-based cardiovascular/atherosclerosis therapeutics, co-CEO presented at 2026 edition", "Rubedo Life Sciences (Marco Quarta) - senolytic small molecules, CEO presented at 2026 edition", "NeuroAge Therapeutics (Christin Glorioso) - brain-age biomarker/therapeutics company, CEO is also a Longevity Global director" ], "notes": "Multiple genuine longevity-biotech CEOs/CSOs with active clinical or preclinical pipelines (Stealth Biotherapeutics has an approved drug, elamipretide/Bendavia analog programs; Cyclarity and Rubedo are clinical/preclinical-stage) present at this event annually, giving it real pipeline-adjacent substance beyond pure networking." }, "funding_proxy": { "notable_attending_companies_total_funding_usd_m": null, "notes": "Stealth Biotherapeutics is a clinical-stage public company (Nasdaq: MITO) with disclosed funding/financing history; Turn Bio, Cyclarity Therapeutics, and Rubedo Life Sciences are private with venture funding not independently compiled in this pass. No reliable aggregate figure produced." }, "llm_ensemble_field_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5", "estimate_years": 0.15, "range_low": 0.05, "range_high": 0.3, "reasoning": "A well-established (6th annual), Buck Institute-hosted summit with a consistent multi-year track record of drawing real longevity-biotech leadership (multiple founder/CSO-level speakers across editions) alongside solid academic representation; primarily a convening/investor-relations function for the California longevity biotech ecosystem rather than a discovery venue." } ], "median_years": 0.15, "caveat": "Speculative estimate of field-acceleration value, not a measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "Baseline file lists Novato, CA, Dec 9-10 2026, matching search results exactly (6th Annual Longevity Summit at the Buck Institute for Research on Aging). Organized by Longevity Global (longevitygl.org). Distinguish from the separately-researched 'Roundtable of Longevity Clinics,' also held at the Buck Institute but organized by the International Institute of Longevity with a clinic-operator focus. Sources: longevitygl.org official event pages (2024/2025/2026), lifespan.io coverage, luma.com registration page." }, { "slug": "aging-related-cell-symposia", "name": "(aging related) Cell Symposia", "start": "", "end": "", "location": "various", "region": "", "regularity": "many are one-time", "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 67.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 75, "source_score_k3": 60, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output_proxy": { "notable_keynote_speakers": [], "notes": "This entry characterizes the broader Cell Symposia series (organized by Cell Press, publisher of Cell, Cell Metabolism, Cell Stem Cell, and other high-impact journals) as it relates to aging, beyond any single dated meeting. Cell Symposia are occasional, topic-specific meetings (e.g. past editions have included aging/senescence/hallmarks-of-aging-themed symposia) that draw speakers who are typically also authors in Cell Press journals, giving these meetings a strong correlation with high-impact published literature. A dedicated 'Cell Symposia: Hallmarks of Aging' event already has its own separate, more detailed research file in this dataset. This entry covers the residual, more diffuse set of other aging-adjacent Cell Symposia not captured by that dedicated file." }, "genuine_discoveries_announced": [], "drug_discovery_proxy": { "notable_pipeline_announcements": [], "notes": "Cell Symposia are academic/publisher-organized events; company pipeline announcements are uncommon though biotech-affiliated academic speakers sometimes present translational work." }, "funding_proxy": { "notable_attending_companies_total_funding_usd_m": null, "notes": "Not applicable to this general-series characterization." }, "llm_ensemble_field_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5", "estimate_years": 0.06, "range_low": 0.01, "range_high": 0.15, "reasoning": "Cell Symposia's tight editorial linkage to Cell Press's high-impact journal family (Cell, Cell Metabolism, Cell Stem Cell) gives these meetings above-average correlation with subsequently well-cited published research, since organizers and speakers often overlap with journal editorial boards and recent high-profile papers. As a general bucket (excluding the already-scored Hallmarks of Aging edition), the residual set of aging-adjacent Cell Symposia likely contributes modest but real field visibility for specific hot topics as they arise." } ], "median_years": 0.06, "caveat": "Speculative estimate of field-acceleration value, not a measured outcome. This entry is a general-series characterization, not a single dated conference, so confidence is lower than for dated single events." }, "researcher_notes": "Per assignment instructions, this is a general recurring series entry to be characterized briefly rather than deep-researched as a single event. The dedicated 'Cell Symposia: Hallmarks of Aging' meeting already has its own separate, more detailed research file in this dataset (cell-symposia-hallmarks-of-aging.json). This entry covers the residual, more diffuse set of other aging-adjacent Cell Symposia not captured by that dedicated file. Per baseline data: location varies, regularity is largely one-time per topic." }, { "slug": "british-society-for-research-on-aging-annual-scientific-meeting-bsra-asm", "name": "British Society for Research on Aging Annual Scientific Meeting (BSRA ASM)", "start": "2026-09-09", "end": "2026-09-11", "location": "Oxford, UK", "region": "Europe", "regularity": "1x/yr", "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 66.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 72, "source_score_k3": 60, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output_proxy": { "notable_keynote_speakers": [ "Valter Longo (University of Southern California) - Public Lecture on fasting-mimicking diets and healthspan, 2026", "Ana Maria Cuervo (Albert Einstein College of Medicine) - autophagy and protein degradation", "John Hardy (University College London) - Alzheimer's disease genetics", "Gerald Shadel (Salk Institute) - mitochondrial biology, oxidative stress", "KJ Patel (University of Oxford) - DNA repair, stem cell aging", "Marco Demaria (University of Groningen) - cellular senescence, cancer/aging", "Daniel Mu\u00f1oz-Esp\u00edn (University of Cambridge) - cellular senescence, targeted therapies", "Anne Schaefer (Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing) - neuroglial aging mechanisms", "Antonio Zorzano (University of Barcelona) - mitochondrial dynamics and metabolic disease", "Fedor Galkin (Insilico Medicine, Senior Scientist) - generative AI, aging clocks" ], "notes": "BSRA ASM is an outstanding academic venue by any measure: 75th anniversary meeting (2026) at Keble College, University of Oxford, with an exceptionally deep bench of internationally leading geroscience PIs across mechanistic (Cuervo, Shadel, Patel, Demaria, Mu\u00f1oz-Esp\u00edn), genetic/neurodegeneration (Hardy, Aarsland), and translational/AI (Galkin) subfields, plus a headline Public Lecture from Valter Longo, one of the most publicly recognized aging/fasting researchers globally. This is among the strongest academic profiles in the entire conference batch, comparable to or exceeding the Harvard/Glenn Symposium and AGE meetings in named senior-PI density." }, "genuine_discoveries_announced": [ { "area": "Fasting-Mimicking Diets", "discovery": "Valter Longo's Public Lecture on how fasting-mimicking diets and intermittent fasting affect cellular protection, healthspan, and biological clocks", "year": "2026", "evidence_url": "https://www.nutraingredients.com/Article/2026/09/07/aging-expert-how-intermittent-fasting-could-turn-back-the-biological-clock/", "confidence": "high" }, { "area": "Aging Clocks (multi-modal: methylation, proteomic, imaging)", "discovery": "Fedor Galkin (Insilico Medicine) presented on generative AI and biological aging clocks", "year": "2026", "evidence_url": "https://bsra.org.uk/programme-and-speakers/", "confidence": "medium" } ], "drug_discovery_proxy": { "notable_pipeline_announcements": [], "notes": "BSRA ASM is a basic-science academic society meeting; no company drug pipeline disclosures were found tied to this event, though presenter Fedor Galkin represents Insilico Medicine's aging-clock/AI research." }, "funding_proxy": { "notable_attending_companies_total_funding_usd_m": null, "notes": "Predominantly academic attendance; Insilico Medicine is the one notable company-affiliated presenter identified, but conference-wide company funding aggregation was not computed given the primarily academic character of the event." }, "llm_ensemble_field_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5", "estimate_years": 0.12, "range_low": 0.04, "range_high": 0.3, "reasoning": "BSRA is a 75-year-running national academic society (one of the oldest aging research societies globally) whose 2026 anniversary meeting assembled an unusually deep roster of leading international geroscience PIs across mechanistic, genetic, and translational subfields, headlined by Valter Longo's public-facing fasting/healthspan lecture. Its early-career Korenchevsky Prize (funding travel to the American Aging Association meeting) also creates a direct cross-Atlantic training pipeline link. This combination of deep academic bench strength, longevity of the institution, and concrete early-career support mechanisms gives it a genuinely above-average field-support role among academic society meetings." } ], "median_years": 0.12, "caveat": "Speculative estimate of field-acceleration value, not a measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "Exceptionally well-documented via bsra.org.uk (official programme-and-speakers page) and nutraingredients.com coverage of the Longo lecture. 75th Annual Scientific Meeting, Sept 9-11, 2026, Keble College, University of Oxford, theme 'The Biology of Ageing.' BSRA Chair Professor David Weinkove hosted a Chair's Reception for Longo. Korenchevsky Prize for early-career researchers funds attendance at the American Aging Association (AGE) meeting, creating a direct UK-US academic pipeline link. One of the two or three academically strongest conferences researched in this batch." }, { "slug": "bay-area-aging-meeting-baam", "name": "Bay Area Aging Meeting (BAAM)", "start": "2026-05-16", "end": "2026-05-16", "location": "San Francisco bay area, CA", "region": "", "regularity": "2x/yr", "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 65.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 68, "source_score_k3": 63, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output_proxy": { "notable_keynote_speakers": [ "Rozalyn Anderson (University of Wisconsin-Madison) - 26th BAAM (May 2026) keynote, 'Metabolism and Aging'" ], "notes": "BAAM is organized by core Bay Area aging faculty (Danica Chen - UC Berkeley, Anne Brunet/Jonathan Long - Stanford, Pankaj Kapahi - Buck Institute, Hao Li - UCSF), all established geroscience PIs, and rotates hosting among Buck Institute, Stanford, UC Berkeley, and UCSF/Gladstone. It is primarily a trainee (grad student/postdoc) presentation venue with a single invited faculty keynote per meeting, sponsored by the Glenn Foundation for Medical Research. Academic caliber of organizers is high; the meeting itself is a regional training/networking event, not a venue for senior PIs to present major new results." }, "genuine_discoveries_announced": [], "drug_discovery_proxy": { "notable_pipeline_announcements": [], "notes": "BAAM is a trainee-focused academic symposium (oral presentations from grad students/postdocs plus posters); no company pipeline announcements were found tied to this meeting." }, "funding_proxy": { "notable_attending_companies_total_funding_usd_m": null, "notes": "No company funding ties found; BAAM is academic/free-registration, not an industry event." }, "llm_ensemble_field_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5", "estimate_years": 0.02, "range_low": 0, "range_high": 0.05, "reasoning": "BAAM is a long-running (since 2010, ~26 editions), free, semiannual/annual regional training and networking meeting for Bay Area aging-biology trainees, hosted by four top-tier institutions (Buck, Stanford, Berkeley, UCSF). Its value is in training pipeline development and regional community-building for early-career geroscientists rather than direct discovery or funding acceleration. Long institutional pedigree and free access give it durable, if modest, field-support value." } ], "median_years": 0.02, "caveat": "Speculative estimate of field-acceleration value, not a measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "Well-documented via agingmeeting.org (official site with program PDFs) and rapamycin.news community posts. Conceived 2009, first held April 2010 at Gladstone Institutes; now in its 26th edition (May 2026, hosted at Buck Institute). Free registration, semiannual/annual cadence. Thin-but-solid profile: this is a legitimate, long-running academic training meeting, not a major discovery or industry venue, so a light touch is appropriate and accurate." }, { "slug": "american-aging-association-annual-meeting-age", "name": "American Aging Association Annual Meeting (AGE)", "start": "2026-06-02", "end": "2026-06-05", "location": "Provo, Utah", "region": "North America", "regularity": "1x/yr", "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 65.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 78, "source_score_k3": 52, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output_proxy": { "notable_keynote_speakers": [ "Steven Austad (University of Alabama at Birmingham) - Denham Harman Research Award Lecture, 2026", "Marianna Sadagurski (Wayne State University/OMRF) - Vincent Cristofalo Rising Star Award, 2026", "Alberto Espay (University of Cincinnati) - James Joseph/Mark Smith Award Lecture, 2026", "Rafael de Cabo, Andrzej Bartke, Holly Brown-Borg, Vishwa Deep Dixit - eminent presenters, 2026", "Daniel Promislow (Tufts University/University of Washington) - Keynote 'Aging as the Great Connector', 2025", "Daniel Belsky (Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health) - Vincent Cristofalo Rising Star Award, 2025", "Rozalyn Anderson (University of Wisconsin-Madison) - Denham Harman Research Award, 2025" ], "notes": "AGE (American Aging Association) is a mature, credible academic society meeting (54th edition in 2026) with named award lectureships (Denham Harman Research Award, Vincent Cristofalo Rising Star Award co-presented with AFAR) that consistently draw top-tier geroscience PIs, including foundational figures in aging biology (Steven Austad, Andrzej Bartke, Holly Brown-Borg - all long-established leaders in comparative/mammalian aging genetics). This is one of the more academically substantive meetings in the set, comparable to a mainstream basic-science society conference." }, "genuine_discoveries_announced": [ { "area": "Aging Biomarker Development (general)", "discovery": "Daniel Belsky presented work on quantification of biological aging (Vincent Cristofalo Rising Star Award Lecture)", "year": "2025", "evidence_url": "https://age.memberclicks.net/assets/images/2025Meeting/AGE%20Program%20PDF%20042525.pdf", "confidence": "medium" } ], "drug_discovery_proxy": { "notable_pipeline_announcements": [], "notes": "AGE is a basic-science academic society meeting, not a drug pipeline/industry venue; no company drug announcements were found tied to this conference." }, "funding_proxy": { "notable_attending_companies_total_funding_usd_m": null, "notes": "Primarily academic attendance (NIA/NIH-funded labs, Nathan Shock Centers); little direct industry/funding tie found." }, "llm_ensemble_field_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5", "estimate_years": 0.08, "range_low": 0.02, "range_high": 0.2, "reasoning": "AGE is a well-established (54 years running) national academic society meeting for the biology-of-aging field, with the Nathan Shock Centers annual meeting co-located biennially, and named award lectures that reliably feature leading geroscientists (Austad, Bartke, Brown-Borg, de Cabo, Promislow). It functions as a core basic-science community and training venue with genuine, if incremental, effect on knowledge dissemination and early-career researcher development, comparable to other established scientific society meetings." } ], "median_years": 0.08, "caveat": "Speculative estimate of field-acceleration value, not a measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "Well-documented via americanagingassociation.org (official program PDFs) and secondary trackers (emedevents, mtor-atlas.org). 54th meeting in 2026 (Provo, UT, June 2-5, theme 'Geroscience: From Discovery to Application'); 53rd in 2025 (Anchorage, AK). Nathan Shock Centers annual meeting co-located biennially per baseline data. This is a legitimate mainstream academic society conference with strong speaker pedigree, one of the stronger academic profiles in this batch." }, { "slug": "longevity-summit-dublin", "name": "Longevity Summit Dublin", "start": "2026-06-24", "end": "2026-06-26", "location": "Dublin, Ireland", "region": "Europe", "regularity": "1x/yr", "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 64.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 63, "source_score_k3": 65, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output_proxy": { "notable_keynote_speakers": [ "Eric Verdin (Buck Institute for Research on Aging, President & CEO)", "Brian Kennedy (National University of Singapore)", "Matt Kaeberlein (Optispan; Dog Aging Project co-director)", "Rozalyn Anderson (University of Wisconsin-Madison)", "Steve Horvath (Altos Labs) - developer of the epigenetic clock", "Maria A. Blasco (CNIO) - telomere/telomerase biology", "Chiara Herzog (University of Cambridge) - epigenetic biomarkers, women's health", "Emma Teeling (University College Dublin) - bat longevity/comparative biology", "Daniel Mu\u00f1oz-Esp\u00edn (University of Cambridge) - cellular senescence", "Jesse R. Poganik (Harvard, Brigham and Women's Hospital) - biological age testing", "David Furman (Buck Institute/Stanford) - inflammaging", "Morten Scheibye-Knudsen (University of Copenhagen) - AI for age-related DNA damage", "Peter Fedichev (GERO, Co-founder & CEO)", "Aubrey de Grey (LEV Foundation)", "Alex Zhavoronkov (Insilico Medicine, Founder)", "Mehmood Khan (Hevolution Foundation, CEO)" ], "notes": "Longevity Summit Dublin, hosted at Trinity College Dublin/Trinity Business School and organized by Longevity Events Limited (Martin O'Dea), has one of the strongest speaker rosters in this batch, mixing top-tier academic geroscientists (Verdin, Kennedy, Kaeberlein, Blasco, Horvath, Teeling) with leading biotech founders/CEOs (Fedichev/GERO, de Grey/LEV Foundation, Zhavoronkov/Insilico Medicine) and major funder representation (Hevolution Foundation's Mehmood Khan). Scientific Advisory Committee model with recurring senior advisors gives it academic credibility comparable to top industry-crossover conferences." }, "genuine_discoveries_announced": [ { "area": "Aging Clocks (multi-modal: methylation, proteomic, imaging)", "discovery": "Steve Horvath (developer of the original epigenetic clock) presents on biological age measurement advances", "year": "2025", "evidence_url": "https://longevitysummitdublin.com/about", "confidence": "medium" }, { "area": "Telomere Attrition", "discovery": "Maria Blasco presents ongoing CNIO research on telomeres/telomerase in aging and cancer", "year": "2025", "evidence_url": "https://longevitysummitdublin.com/about", "confidence": "medium" }, { "area": "Comparative Genomics of Long-Lived Species", "discovery": "Emma Teeling presents research on bat longevity and disease resistance mechanisms", "year": "2025", "evidence_url": "https://longevitysummitdublin.com/about", "confidence": "medium" } ], "drug_discovery_proxy": { "notable_pipeline_announcements": [ "GERO (Peter Fedichev) - AI/physics-based biological age and resilience quantification platform discussed", "BioViva (Liz Parrish) - gene therapy programs discussed", "NaNotics (Lou Hawthorne) - subtractive medicine platform targeting senescent blood factors discussed", "Matter Bio (Chris Bradley) - somatic mutation/DNA damage-targeting technology discussed", "Insilico Medicine (Alex Zhavoronkov) - generative AI drug discovery programs discussed" ], "notes": "Multiple biotech CEOs presented existing platform/pipeline updates; no specific first-disclosure announcement confirmed as originating at this summit specifically." }, "funding_proxy": { "notable_attending_companies_total_funding_usd_m": null, "notes": "Attending/speaking companies span GERO, BioViva, NaNotics, Matter Bio, Insilico Medicine, OvartiX, Rejuve Biotech, and Life Biosciences; aggregate funding not computed given lighter-touch scope, but this is a well-funded-company-dense conference relative to others in the batch." }, "llm_ensemble_field_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5", "estimate_years": 0.15, "range_low": 0.05, "range_high": 0.35, "reasoning": "Longevity Summit Dublin combines a genuinely strong academic Scientific Advisory Committee (Verdin, Kennedy, Kaeberlein, Blasco, Horvath) with dense biotech-founder and major-funder attendance (Hevolution Foundation CEO), positioning it as one of the more substantive industry-academic crossover events in the European longevity calendar. Annual recurrence at a credible academic host institution (Trinity College Dublin) and thematic focus on translatable topics (biomarkers, women's health longevity, regenerative medicine) suggest real, if hard-to-isolate, contribution to cross-pollination between academia, funders, and biotech." } ], "median_years": 0.15, "caveat": "Speculative estimate of field-acceleration value, not a measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "Well-documented via official site (longevitysummitdublin.com), lifespan.io coverage, and researcher personal sites (herzog-lab.com). Organized by Longevity Events Limited (Martin O'Dea, CEO/co-founder). Hosted at Trinity College Dublin/Trinity Business School. Note: Alex Zhavoronkov (Insilico Medicine founder) is listed among past speakers per search results; included factually as a conference speaker record, not as commentary on Insilico Medicine itself. One of the stronger overall profiles in this conference batch given the combination of academic and industry depth." }, { "slug": "longevity-investors-conference", "name": "Longevity Investors Conference", "start": "2026-09-14", "end": "2026-09-17", "location": "Gstaad, Switzerland", "region": "Europe", "regularity": "1x/yr", "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 61.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 63, "source_score_k3": 60, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output_proxy": { "notable_keynote_speakers": [ "Steve Horvath (Altos Labs) - epigenetic clock inventor, led investor masterclass", "Collin Ewald (Novartis)", "Evelyne Yehudit Bischof", "Aubrey de Grey (LEV Foundation)", "Michael Levin - regenerative biology, bioelectricity", "Joe Betts-LaCroix (Retro Biosciences)", "Nir Barzilai (Albert Einstein College of Medicine)", "Dave Asprey (biohacking pioneer, first Switzerland appearance in 2026)" ], "notes": "Longevity Investors Conference (LIC, co-founded by Tobias Reichmuth and Marc P. Bernegger, 7th edition in 2026) is explicitly an investor-capital event rather than a basic-science venue, but its curated ~20% acceptance rate and small size (120-140 attendees) draw genuinely top-tier crossover speakers, including the epigenetic clock's own inventor (Horvath) running an investor-education masterclass on separating rigorous aging metrics from marketing. Speaker caliber for a finance-oriented event is unusually high." }, "genuine_discoveries_announced": [], "drug_discovery_proxy": { "notable_pipeline_announcements": [ "Retro Biosciences (Joe Betts-LaCroix) - referenced the 1,000-mouse rejuvenation study in a rejuvenation/moonshots debate session", "Cellcolabs, Gero AI, Deciduous Therapeutics, Mito RX Therapeutics, GlycanAge - past Start-Up Innovation Catalyst alumni cited as having gone on to raise substantial funding" ], "notes": "LIC's core differentiator is its Start-Up Innovation Catalyst, a pre-vetted pitch program connecting select science-driven longevity startups directly with active capital-deploying investors; multiple named alumni (Cellcolabs, Gero AI, Deciduous Therapeutics, Mito RX Therapeutics, GlycanAge) are reported to have raised substantial funding after participating, per the conference's own promotional materials (not independently verified here)." }, "funding_proxy": { "notable_attending_companies_total_funding_usd_m": null, "notes": "2026 edition discussion explicitly referenced the sector's maturation via 'major movements from companies like Insilico Medicine and BioAge' (public market exits/institutional-grade financing), indicating LIC positions itself as tracking and influencing late-stage capital flows in the sector; specific aggregate figures not computed given lighter-touch scope." }, "llm_ensemble_field_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5", "estimate_years": 0.15, "range_low": 0.05, "range_high": 0.4, "reasoning": "LIC is widely described (per multiple independent sources including moneycab.com, newsfilecorp.com, and unfilteredonline.com) as the most exclusive and capital-concentrated longevity investment event globally, with a track record (Start-Up Innovation Catalyst) of directly connecting curated startups to capital that reportedly led to substantial follow-on funding. Its small size, high selectivity, and explicit focus on translating science into institutional-grade investable assets give it a plausibly outsized per-attendee funding-acceleration effect relative to larger, less curated events, though this rests partly on the event's own reported outcomes." } ], "median_years": 0.15, "caveat": "Speculative estimate of field-acceleration value, not a measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "Very well-documented via official newsfilecorp.com press releases, moneycab.com programme coverage, longevityinvestors.ch (Start-Up Innovation Catalyst page), and independent commentary (unfilteredonline.com, cellrep.bio). First launched 2020; 7th edition held Sept 14-17, 2026 at Le Grand Bellevue, Gstaad, Switzerland (matches baseline data). Application-only with ~20% acceptance rate, 120-140 attendees. Four pillars: Longevity Investments, General Longevity, Longevity Science, Personal Longevity. This is likely the highest capital-concentration conference in the entire batch given its explicit investor-only positioning and curated startup pitch mechanism." }, { "slug": "aging-related-keystone-symposia", "name": "(aging related) Keystone Symposia", "start": "", "end": "", "location": "various", "region": "", "regularity": "many are one-time", "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 61.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 80, "source_score_k3": 42, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output_proxy": { "notable_keynote_speakers": [], "notes": "Keystone Symposia on Molecular and Cellular Biology is a long-established (founded 1972) nonprofit organizer of topic-specific scientific conferences, historically strong in cancer biology, immunology, and neuroscience, with periodic aging/geroscience-themed editions (e.g. on cellular senescence, metabolism and aging, or stem cell aging) organized as one-off or occasional meetings rather than a fixed annual aging-specific series. As a general characterization (no single dated 2026 aging-specific Keystone meeting was identified in available baseline data or search), this entry describes the series' role rather than a specific edition's speaker roster." }, "genuine_discoveries_announced": [], "drug_discovery_proxy": { "notable_pipeline_announcements": [], "notes": "Keystone Symposia are academic conferences; industry attendance occurs but no aging-specific company pipeline announcements were identified for this general series characterization." }, "funding_proxy": { "notable_attending_companies_total_funding_usd_m": null, "notes": "Not applicable to this general-series characterization." }, "llm_ensemble_field_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5", "estimate_years": 0.04, "range_low": 0.01, "range_high": 0.1, "reasoning": "Keystone Symposia has a strong general reputation in molecular/cellular biology (comparable to Gordon Research Conferences in prestige for topic-specific, cutting-edge meetings), but its aging-specific programming is occasional and topic-driven rather than a dedicated recurring aging series, making its aggregate field-wide contribution to geroscience specifically real but modest and hard to distinguish from its broader contribution to biology as a whole." } ], "median_years": 0.04, "caveat": "Speculative estimate of field-acceleration value, not a measured outcome. This entry is a general-series characterization, not a single dated conference, so confidence is lower than for dated single events." }, "researcher_notes": "Per assignment instructions, this is a general recurring series entry to be characterized briefly rather than deep-researched as a single event. Baseline data confirms: location varies, regularity is largely one-time per topic, data as of 2024-02-06. Keystone Symposia's aging-related meetings are occasional/topic-specific (e.g. past editions on senescence or metabolic aging) rather than a single fixed annual conference, consistent with a lighter-touch general characterization per the research spec's guidance for niche/broad recurring series." }, { "slug": "international-conference-on-aging-and-disease-icad", "name": "International Conference on Aging and Disease (ICAD)", "start": "2026-05-13", "end": "2026-05-14", "location": "Hong Kong", "region": "Asia", "regularity": "every 2-ish years", "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 55.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 63, "source_score_k3": 48, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output_proxy": { "notable_keynote_speakers": [], "notes": "ICAD is organized by the International Society on Aging and Disease (ISOAD), which also publishes the journal 'Aging and Disease.' The conference series dates to 2014 (Beijing), with subsequent editions in Stanford (2016), Nice (2018), Shanghai (2023), and a planned edition in New York City (NYU Langone Health, August 2026, focused on postmortem research in dementia). Our baseline data listed a Hong Kong, May 2026 date, but ISOAD's own website lists the 5th ICAD as NYC in August 2026; this discrepancy could not be resolved with available sources, so it is flagged rather than guessed at. Individual speaker rosters for recent editions were not found in accessible English-language search results, so no specific keynote names are reported here to avoid fabrication." }, "genuine_discoveries_announced": [], "drug_discovery_proxy": { "notable_pipeline_announcements": [], "notes": "No specific drug/pipeline announcements tied to this conference were found in available sources." }, "funding_proxy": { "notable_attending_companies_total_funding_usd_m": null, "notes": "No company funding data tied to attendees/presenters was found." }, "llm_ensemble_field_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5", "estimate_years": 0, "range_low": 0, "range_high": 0.05, "reasoning": "ICAD is a biennial academic conference bridging basic aging biology and clinical geriatrics/neurology, organized by a niche academic society (ISOAD) with a modest publication footprint (journal 'Aging and Disease'). It functions as a regional/thematic convening point (recent focus: postmortem dementia research) rather than a hub for major discovery announcements or pipeline news. Limited public visibility of speaker rosters and outcomes suggests modest field-wide acceleration effect." } ], "median_years": 0, "caveat": "Speculative estimate of field-acceleration value, not a measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "Thin profile: ICAD/ISOAD has limited English-language web presence beyond its own site and journal. No conference-specific speaker lists, discovery announcements, or company funding ties were found via search. The baseline location/date (Hong Kong, May 2026) conflicts with ISOAD's own published schedule (NYC, Aug 2026) for the '5th ICAD' - this is noted as an open discrepancy, not resolved by fabrication. Recommend lighter weighting given sparse verifiable evidence." }, { "slug": "longevity-partnering-forum", "name": "Longevity Partnering Forum", "start": "2026-10-19", "end": "2026-10-20", "location": "South San Francisco, CA", "region": "North America", "regularity": "", "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 50.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 45, "source_score_k3": 56, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output_proxy": { "notable_keynote_speakers": [ "Alexander \"Zan\" Fleming (Founder, The Kitalys Institute; former FDA official; founder of Kinexum)" ], "notes": "Organized by The Kitalys Institute, a 501(c)(3) non-profit co-founded by Dr. Alexander 'Zan' Fleming, a former FDA official. This is primarily a policy/regulatory and biotech-partnering forum rather than an academic science conference; the same organization (Kitalys Institute) also co-hosts the Asia-Pacific Healthy Longevity International Summit in Hong Kong, so there is likely some speaker/leadership overlap between the two events, though a full 2026 speaker list beyond Fleming was not identified in available coverage." }, "genuine_discoveries_announced": [], "drug_discovery_proxy": { "notable_pipeline_announcements": [], "notes": "Not a science-discovery venue; the forum's substantive output is regulatory/policy infrastructure rather than pipeline disclosures. No pipeline announcements identified." }, "funding_proxy": { "notable_attending_companies_total_funding_usd_m": null, "notes": "Explicitly designed as a matchmaking/partnering hub connecting biotech startups, pharmaceutical innovators, and institutional/private investors, but no specific deal, investment total, or attending-company funding figure was identified in available coverage." }, "llm_ensemble_field_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5", "estimate_years": 0.3, "range_low": 0.1, "range_high": 0.6, "reasoning": "This forum is tied directly to some of the most consequential regulatory-policy initiatives in the field: the Kitalys Institute co-developed the THRIVE Act (a proposed US congressional bill for an FDA regulatory pathway specifically for healthspan-extending drugs/devices, with the Healthspan Action Coalition) and runs 'Project Endpoints' (standardizing aging biomarkers as regulatory trial endpoints). If either initiative succeeds, it would materially de-risk and accelerate drug development for aging broadly, giving this forum outsized potential field-impact relative to its convening size, despite being a policy/partnering rather than discovery venue." } ], "median_years": 0.3, "caveat": "Speculative estimate of field-acceleration value, not a measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "Baseline file lists South San Francisco, CA, Oct 19-20 2026, matching search results exactly. Organized by The Kitalys Institute (kitalys.org), whose flagship policy initiatives include 'Project Healthspan' (public advocacy for healthy longevity as a national policy priority), 'The THRIVE Act' (co-developed with the Healthspan Action Coalition; proposed FDA regulatory pathway with tiered evidence/market incentives for healthspan-extending interventions), and 'Project Endpoints' (standardized aging biomarkers as regulatory trial endpoints). A full speaker list beyond founder Zan Fleming was not identified via web search at time of research; this is stated explicitly as a limitation rather than inferred. Sources: longevitypartnering.com (official site, JS-rendered and not fully scrapeable), kitalys.org, kinexum.com, healthspanaction.org/policy." }, { "slug": "asia-pacific-healthy-longevity-international-summit", "name": "Asia-Pacific Healthy Longevity International Summit", "start": "2026-10-01", "end": "2026-10-04", "location": "Hong Kong", "region": "Asia", "regularity": "1x/yr", "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 49.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 44, "source_score_k3": 55, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output_proxy": { "notable_keynote_speakers": [ "Nir Barzilai (Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine)", "Joan Mannick (Altos Labs)", "Leroy Hood (Institute for Systems Biology co-founder)", "Matt Kaeberlein (Optispan CEO)", "Andrea B. Maier (National University of Singapore, Healthy Ageing)", "Alexander \"Zan\" Fleming (former FDA senior reviewer, Kitalys Institute)" ], "notes": "Co-hosted by the Asia-Pacific Longevity Medicine Society (APLMS) and The Kitalys Institute. Second annual edition (2026) draws a legitimately senior mix of geroscience academics (Barzilai, Hood, Maier, Kaeberlein) and clinical/regulatory figures (Mannick, Fleming), plus regional health-system and digital-health speakers (VSee, Naring Health). Caliber is high for a young, regionally-focused summit." }, "genuine_discoveries_announced": [], "drug_discovery_proxy": { "notable_pipeline_announcements": [], "notes": "No conference-specific drug pipeline announcement identified in available coverage; Altos Labs and Kitalys Institute representation suggests industry relevance but no on-stage disclosure was found." }, "funding_proxy": { "notable_attending_companies_total_funding_usd_m": null, "notes": "Altos Labs is a well-funded private reprogramming/rejuvenation biotech (reported >$3B raised as of its 2022 launch round per public reporting), but that funding predates and is unrelated to this specific summit; not counted as conference-attributable." }, "llm_ensemble_field_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5", "estimate_years": 0.1, "range_low": 0.0, "range_high": 0.2, "reasoning": "Young (2nd edition) but well-organized regional convening event with real senior-academic attendance; value is primarily in building Asia-Pacific clinical/regulatory longevity-medicine infrastructure rather than driving new discoveries." } ], "median_years": 0.1, "caveat": "Speculative estimate of field-acceleration value, not a measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "Baseline file lists Hong Kong, Oct 1-4 2026, matching search results (2nd annual summit, Hopewell Hotel, Wan Chai). Inaugural edition was 2025 (SkyCity Marriott Hotel, Hong Kong). Also referred to in some sources as 'Asia-Pacific Longevity Medicine International Summit / APAC-LMIS'. No verifiable scientific discovery or drug-pipeline announcement attributable specifically to this event was found; treat funding/discovery fields as genuinely thin rather than omitted." }, { "slug": "longevity-world-forum", "name": "Longevity World Forum", "start": "coming 2027", "end": "", "location": "Madrid, Spain", "region": "", "regularity": "", "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 49.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 54, "source_score_k3": 45, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output_proxy": { "notable_keynote_speakers": [ "Felipe Sierra (Hevolution Foundation CSO, former NIA/NIH Division of Aging Biology Director)", "Luigi Ferrucci (US National Institute on Aging, Scientific Director)", "Nir Barzilai (Albert Einstein College of Medicine)", "Steve Horvath (Altos Labs) - epigenetic clock pioneer", "George Church (Harvard University) - synthetic biology pioneer", "Manuel Serrano (Altos Labs) - confirmed for 5th edition, 2027", "Maria Blasco (CNIO) - confirmed for 5th edition, 2027", "Salvador Macip (University of Leicester) - molecular medicine", "Jose Vina (University of Valencia) - healthy aging physiology", "Liz Parrish (BioViva Sciences, CEO)" ], "notes": "Longevity World Forum (4th edition, Feb 2026, moved to La Nave, Madrid) has one of the strongest speaker rosters in the entire batch, anchored by a genuine convergence of top-tier NIA/NIH leadership (Sierra, Ferrucci), leading academic geroscientists (Barzilai, Horvath, Blasco, Serrano), and George Church, one of the most prominent living geneticists. This academic depth, combined with Spanish national research institution representation (CNIO, University of Valencia, Complutense Madrid), makes it one of Europe's most credible longevity congresses." }, "genuine_discoveries_announced": [], "drug_discovery_proxy": { "notable_pipeline_announcements": [ "BioViva Sciences (Liz Parrish) - gene therapy program updates discussed" ], "notes": "No first-disclosure pipeline announcements confirmed as originating specifically at this forum; speakers discussed ongoing programs and general geroscience progress." }, "funding_proxy": { "notable_attending_companies_total_funding_usd_m": null, "notes": "Altos Labs is notably represented via two senior scientists (Horvath, Serrano); Hevolution Foundation (a major state-backed longevity funder) is represented via its CSO; aggregate funding not computed given lighter-touch scope." }, "llm_ensemble_field_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5", "estimate_years": 0.13, "range_low": 0.04, "range_high": 0.3, "reasoning": "Longevity World Forum combines an unusually strong concentration of senior NIA/NIH-affiliated leadership, leading international geroscientists (Horvath, Serrano, Blasco, Barzilai), and George Church, positioning it as one of the more academically substantive European longevity congresses. Its establishment in Madrid with growing editions (4th in 2026, 5th confirmed for 2027) and integration with major Spanish research institutions (CNIO, Complutense, Valencia) suggest a real and growing role in European geroscience community-building and cross-institutional visibility, though its precise causal contribution to discovery pace remains inherently hard to isolate." } ], "median_years": 0.13, "caveat": "Speculative estimate of field-acceleration value, not a measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "Well-documented via official longevityworldforum.com (individual speaker pages) and lifespan.io coverage confirming the Madrid venue move. 4th edition Feb 18-20, 2026 at La Nave, Madrid; 5th edition already confirmed for Feb 10-12, 2027 with early speaker announcements (Church, Serrano, Blasco). Baseline data listed this conference as 'coming 2027' with data as of 2024-10-23, which is now superseded by more current information found in this research (the 2026 4th edition already occurred). Important distinction: this is a separate event from the 'International Longevity Summit Madrid' (ILS), a similarly-named but organizationally distinct Madrid longevity congress that already has its own separate research file in this dataset; care was taken not to conflate their speaker rosters." }, { "slug": "berkeley-conference-on-aging-longevity-berkeleycal", "name": "Berkeley Conference on Aging & Longevity (BerkeleyCAL)", "start": "2026-05-02", "end": "2026-05-03", "location": "Berkeley, CA", "region": "North America", "regularity": "", "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 48.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 55, "source_score_k3": 42, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output_proxy": { "notable_keynote_speakers": [ "Cynthia Kenyon (Calico Life Sciences)", "Aubrey de Grey (LEV Research Foundation)", "Michael Conboy and Irina Conboy (UC Berkeley)", "Steven A. Garan (UC Berkeley, Director of Bioinformatics, Center for Research and Education on Aging; conference host)", "Michael D. West (AgeX & BioTime)", "Andreas Stahl (UC Berkeley, organ-on-a-chip inter-organ metabolic aging models)", "Wei-Wu He (Human Longevity Inc.)" ], "notes": "Hosted at UC Berkeley's Stanley Hall, organized by Prof. Steven A. Garan. Strong, long-running academic speaker roster including Cynthia Kenyon (a field-foundational C. elegans aging geneticist, now at Calico), plus a memorial award (Dr. Paula S. Timiras Award) accepted posthumously on behalf of the late Dr. Judy Campisi (a foundational senescence researcher), which underscores the event's genuine standing within the core academic aging-biology community. Mix of academic (UC Berkeley, UCLA, UC Irvine, Buck Institute) and industry/advocacy (Calico, AgeX/BioTime, LEV Research Foundation, Human Longevity Inc.) speakers." }, "genuine_discoveries_announced": [ { "area": "Senescent Cell Biology & SASP", "discovery": "Brendan Hughes (Buck Institute) presented on unique, disease-relevant senescent cell states shaped by differences in the DNA damage response", "year": "2026", "evidence_url": "https://www.rapamycin.news/t/berkeley-conference-on-aging-longevity/24480", "confidence": "medium" }, { "area": "Multi-omics Integration for Aging Biomarkers", "discovery": "Steven A. Garan presented on how phenomics is reshaping understanding of human aging", "year": "2026", "evidence_url": "https://www.rapamycin.news/t/berkeley-conference-on-aging-longevity/24480", "confidence": "medium" }, { "area": "Metabolic Reprogramming in Aging", "discovery": "Andreas Stahl presented microphysiological 'organ-on-a-chip' models used to study the inter-organ metabolic aging fat-liver axis", "year": "2026", "evidence_url": "https://www.rapamycin.news/t/berkeley-conference-on-aging-longevity/24480", "confidence": "medium" }, { "area": "Cellular Reprogramming (iPSC, partial reprogramming)", "discovery": "Michael D. West presented on age reprogramming and cell immortality as a path forward", "year": "2026", "evidence_url": "https://www.rapamycin.news/t/berkeley-conference-on-aging-longevity/24480", "confidence": "medium" } ], "drug_discovery_proxy": { "notable_pipeline_announcements": [ "AgeX/BioTime (Michael D. West) - age-reprogramming and cell immortality platform presented", "Human Longevity Inc. (Wei-Wu He) - genome sequencing/AI clinical diagnostics platform presented" ], "notes": "Primarily an academic conference with some industry-founder participation; no major new clinical pipeline result specifically disclosed at this event was independently confirmed beyond the platform-level presentations listed." }, "funding_proxy": { "notable_attending_companies_total_funding_usd_m": null, "notes": "Not an industry-funding showcase; no aggregate attending-company funding figure identified." }, "llm_ensemble_field_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5", "estimate_years": 0.2, "range_low": 0.1, "range_high": 0.4, "reasoning": "A long-running, credible academic conference with genuine foundational-tier speakers (Cynthia Kenyon) and named specific current research presentations across senescence, phenomics, organ-on-chip metabolic aging, and reprogramming; the memorial award for Judy Campisi (a giant of senescence biology) further anchors this in the serious academic aging community rather than pure business networking." } ], "median_years": 0.2, "caveat": "Speculative estimate of field-acceleration value, not a measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "Baseline file lists Berkeley, CA, May 2-3 2026, matching search results exactly (Stanley Hall, UC Berkeley). BerkeleyCAL 2027 is already scheduled (Apr 24-25, 2027), confirming annual regularity. Hosted/organized by Prof. Steven A. Garan (UC Berkeley Center for Research and Education on Aging). Sources: rapamycin.news detailed speaker/topic list, lifeboat.com coverage, cbsnews.com local news coverage, berkeleycal.org official site, ticketstripe.com registration pages." }, { "slug": "timepie-longevity-forum", "name": "TimePie Longevity Forum", "start": "2026-09-12", "end": "2026-09-13", "location": "Shanghai, China", "region": "Asia", "regularity": "1x/yr", "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 48.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 42, "source_score_k3": 55, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output_proxy": { "notable_keynote_speakers": [ "Brian Kennedy (National University of Singapore, Centre for Healthy Longevity Director)", "Morten Scheibye-Knudsen (University of Copenhagen) - AI/deep neural networks for biological age", "Nektarios Tavernarakis (University of Crete School of Medicine) - autophagy/mitophagy in neurodegeneration", "Raul Mostoslavsky (Harvard Medical School/MGH) - stem cell regeneration, metabolic homeostasis", "Barry Halliwell (National University of Singapore) - ergothioneine and neuroprotection", "Steve Horvath (Altos Labs) - epigenetic clock pioneer, 6th Forum", "Ana Maria Cuervo (Albert Einstein College of Medicine) - autophagy, 6th Forum", "Richard Miller (University of Michigan, ITP Principal Investigator) - 5th Forum", "Valter Longo (USC Longevity Institute) - 3rd Forum", "Nir Barzilai (Albert Einstein College of Medicine) - 2nd Forum", "Alex Zhavoronkov (Insilico Medicine, Founder & CEO) - 2nd Forum", "Charles Brenner (discoverer of Nicotinamide Riboside as a vitamin) - 3rd Forum", "Jimmy Elliott (Novartis, Global Head of Diseases of Aging and Regenerative Medicine)", "Heinrich Jasper (Genentech Fellow)" ], "notes": "TimePie Longevity Forum (7th edition, Shanghai's Lin-gang Special Area, Sept 2026) is one of the most academically substantive Asia-based longevity conferences identified in this batch, with a genuinely global roster spanning top-tier basic science (Kennedy, Tavernarakis, Mostoslavsky, Cuervo, Miller, Longo, Barzilai), pharma R&D leadership (Novartis, Genentech), and biotech/AI figures (Zhavoronkov, Scheibye-Knudsen). Historical speaker lists across its 7 editions show consistent access to first-rank international geroscience names, not just regional/domestic speakers." }, "genuine_discoveries_announced": [ { "area": "Autophagy & Lysosomal Function", "discovery": "Nektarios Tavernarakis presented on mechanisms of autophagy/mitophagy protecting neurons from oxidative stress in aging and neurodegeneration", "year": "2026", "evidence_url": "https://lifespan.io/timepie-longevity-forum-spotlights-evidence-based-medicine/", "confidence": "medium" }, { "area": "AI for Longevity (target discovery, biomarkers)", "discovery": "Morten Scheibye-Knudsen presented 'Data-Driven Intervention in Human Aging' on AI/deep neural networks for measuring biological age and predicting senescence", "year": "2026", "evidence_url": "https://lifespan.io/timepie-longevity-forum-spotlights-evidence-based-medicine/", "confidence": "medium" }, { "area": "Gut Microbiome & Aging", "discovery": "Yang Luxi (Keguan/CG Medicine) presented on gut microbiome targeting as a mechanism for systemic longevity", "year": "2026", "evidence_url": "https://lifespan.io/timepie-longevity-forum-spotlights-evidence-based-medicine/", "confidence": "low" } ], "drug_discovery_proxy": { "notable_pipeline_announcements": [ "Novartis (Jimmy Elliott) - multi-disease pathways of aging / regenerative medicine program discussed", "Genentech (Heinrich Jasper) - sPtk7 stem cell/tumor suppression balance research discussed", "Ora Biomedical (Ben Blue) - WormBot high-throughput robotic screening platform for anti-aging compounds", "Hengshui Yiling Pharmaceutical (Ji Zhenqiang) - traditional Chinese medicine formulations targeting cellular aging hallmarks, clinical trial progress" ], "notes": "Notably includes major pharma R&D leadership (Novartis, Genentech) discussing internal aging-related programs, which is relatively rare among the conferences in this batch; suggests real industry engagement beyond biotech startups alone." }, "funding_proxy": { "notable_attending_companies_total_funding_usd_m": null, "notes": "Attendee/speaker companies span Novartis and Genentech (large pharma, not typically tracked via startup funding rounds), Ora Biomedical, L'Or\u00e9al Research & Innovation, Mechanobiologics, and several Chinese longevity/TCM companies (Zhenao Group, Hengshui Yiling Pharmaceutical, Keguan/CG Medicine); aggregate funding not computed given lighter-touch scope and mix of public pharma/consumer giants with private biotechs." }, "llm_ensemble_field_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5", "estimate_years": 0.1, "range_low": 0.03, "range_high": 0.25, "reasoning": "TimePie is a mature (7 editions by 2026), well-organized Asia-based forum with consistent access to first-rank international geroscience researchers alongside major pharma (Novartis, Genentech) and consumer-science (L'Or\u00e9al) R&D leadership, plus Chinese biotech/TCM industry figures. It functions as a genuine East-West bridge for longevity science and appears to have above-average rigor relative to typical China-based industry conferences, per lifespan.io's characterization of it as 'evidence-based medicine' focused. Field impact is meaningful primarily through cross-regional knowledge transfer and Chinese biotech/pharma engagement with global geroscience." } ], "median_years": 0.1, "caveat": "Speculative estimate of field-acceleration value, not a measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "Well-documented via lifespan.io (dedicated coverage article), timepielongevityforum.com (official site), and Chinese-language press (163.com, issuewire.com, guancha.cn). 7th edition held Sept 12-13, 2026 in Shanghai's Lin-gang Special Area (matches baseline data date/location). Chinese name: \u65f6\u5149\u6d3e\u56fd\u9645\u957f\u5bff\u8bba\u575b. One of the stronger Asia-region academic profiles in this batch, with genuine historical continuity (7 editions) and consistent access to top-tier international speakers across all editions researched (2nd through 7th)." }, { "slug": "longevity-med-summit", "name": "Longevity Med Summit", "start": "2026-05-09", "end": "2026-05-11", "location": "London, UK", "region": "", "regularity": "~1x/yr", "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 45.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 35, "source_score_k3": 55, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output_proxy": { "notable_keynote_speakers": [ "Robert Hariri (Founder/CEO, Celularity; placental stem cell therapy pioneer)", "Deepak Srivastava (President, Gladstone Institutes; cardiovascular regenerative medicine)", "Wolf Reik (Director, Altos Cambridge Institute of Science; epigenetic reprogramming)", "Gordan Lauc (Founder, GlycanAge; Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory)", "Shai Efrati (Director, Sagol Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Research, Israel)" ], "notes": "4th Global Longevity Med Summit, held at the Business Design Centre, London. Genuinely strong translational/regenerative-medicine science speakers (Hariri, Srivastava, Reik, Lauc) combined with a very large roster of clinical longevity-medicine practitioners and hospitality/wellness executives (Clinique La Prairie, Six Senses, Lanserhof, Technogym). Best characterized as the leading European clinical-longevity-medicine and wellness-business trade event, with real (if secondary to the science) hospitality/spa-industry crossover distinguishing it from purely academic or biotech-VC-focused meetings." }, "genuine_discoveries_announced": [], "drug_discovery_proxy": { "notable_pipeline_announcements": [ "Celularity (Robert Hariri) - placental-derived cell therapy platform represented", "Altos Labs / Altos Cambridge Institute of Science (Wolf Reik) - epigenetic reprogramming/cellular rejuvenation platform represented" ], "notes": "No specific new clinical trial result or pipeline data disclosure was confirmed as announced at this specific event; treated as speaker/company representation rather than confirmed announcement." }, "funding_proxy": { "notable_attending_companies_total_funding_usd_m": null, "notes": "Altos Labs is among the best-funded reprogramming biotechs globally (publicly reported >$3B raised at 2022 launch), but this predates and is unrelated to this specific summit; no conference-specific funding figure identified." }, "llm_ensemble_field_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5", "estimate_years": 0.1, "range_low": 0.05, "range_high": 0.2, "reasoning": "The leading European trade/clinical event bridging longevity medicine, regenerative science, and the medical-wellness hospitality industry (spas, resorts, clinics); valuable for European clinical-practice standardization and clinic/hospitality-sector adoption of longevity science, but function is primarily commercial/clinical dissemination rather than discovery generation." } ], "median_years": 0.1, "caveat": "Speculative estimate of field-acceleration value, not a measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "Baseline file lists London, UK, May 9-11 2026, matching search results (May 9-10, 2026, Business Design Centre). 4th edition; prior (3rd) edition was held in Lisbon in May 2025 per lifespan.io coverage, indicating the event rotates host cities annually. Distinctively broad speaker base spanning cell therapy science, longevity clinics, and luxury wellness/hospitality (Clinique La Prairie, Six Senses, Lanserhof, Technogym, Serenbe), reflecting its positioning as 'where the longevity business meets.' Sources: longevitymedsummit.com official site, papimi.com event listing, wellnessforum.pro, lifespan.io." }, { "slug": "vitalist-bay", "name": "Vitalist Bay", "start": "2026-05-14", "end": "2026-05-17", "location": "Berkeley, CA", "region": "North America", "regularity": "~1/yr", "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 45.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 40, "source_score_k3": 50, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output_proxy": { "notable_keynote_speakers": [ "Michael Snyder (Stanford University)", "Morgan Levine (Altos Labs)", "Eric Verdin (Buck Institute for Research on Aging)", "Nathan Price (Buck Institute)", "Derya Unutmaz (The Jackson Laboratory)", "Vadim Gladyshev (Harvard Medical School)", "Morten Scheibye-Knudsen (University of Copenhagen)", "Charles Brenner (City of Hope)", "Aubrey de Grey (LEV Foundation)", "Andrew Steele (author, Ageless)", "Joe Betts-LaCroix (Retro Biosciences)", "Martin Borch Jensen (Gordian Biotechnology)", "Kristen Fortney (BioAge)", "Bryan Johnson (Blueprint/Kernel)" ], "notes": "Vitalist Bay draws a genuine mix of senior academic aging researchers (Snyder, Verdin, Gladyshev, Brenner, Scheibye-Knudsen) alongside high-profile biotech founders and public longevity figures (de Grey, Betts-LaCroix, Bryan Johnson). Speaker caliber is high for a movement-culture event, closer to a serious scientific meeting than a typical biohacking expo, though it blends both registers." }, "genuine_discoveries_announced": [], "drug_discovery_proxy": { "notable_pipeline_announcements": [ "Retro Biosciences (Joe Betts-LaCroix) - partial reprogramming and plasma-based longevity therapeutics program updates presented/discussed", "Gordian Biotechnology (Martin Borch Jensen) - in vivo target discovery platform for age-related disease", "BioAge Labs (Kristen Fortney) - clinical-stage metabolic/longevity drug pipeline discussed" ], "notes": "No first-disclosure drug pipeline announcements specifically tied to Vitalist Bay were found; company leaders discussed existing programs rather than unveiling new data at the event itself." }, "funding_proxy": { "notable_attending_companies_total_funding_usd_m": null, "notes": "Attending/speaking companies include Retro Biosciences, Altos Labs, Gordian Biotechnology, BioAge, Rubedo Life Sciences, Cyclarity Therapeutics, and GlycanAge; aggregate funding not computed here as it would require cross-referencing each company's individual funding record in data/companies/, which was outside this pass's scope given the lighter-touch mandate." }, "llm_ensemble_field_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5", "estimate_years": 0.05, "range_low": 0, "range_high": 0.15, "reasoning": "Vitalist Bay is a novel and unusually dense convening format (2025: 8-week pop-up city; 2026: 4-day festival) that concentrates senior academic PIs, biotech founders, and capital in one place, with real community-building effects (e.g., Longevity Policy advocacy efforts). Its primary value is network formation and culture-building for the longevity movement rather than direct discovery/announcement generation. Field-wide acceleration is plausible but modest and hard to distinguish from general movement growth that would happen via other channels." } ], "median_years": 0.05, "caveat": "Speculative estimate of field-acceleration value, not a measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "Vitalist Bay is well-documented in longevity media (lifespan.io, Freethink, rapamycin.news, longevity.technology). Organized by the Vitalism Foundation (Adam Gries, Nathan Cheng). 2025 was an 8-week pop-up city/residency at Lighthaven Campus, Berkeley; 2026 compressed to a 4-day festival (May 14-17). Functions as equal parts scientific conference, biotech networking event, and lifestyle/movement-building experiment (on-site diagnostics, communal living). Notably draws serious academic aging researchers alongside high-profile figures like Bryan Johnson, giving it unusually broad reach into both scientific and public/media audiences relative to its size." }, { "slug": "a4li-dc-summit", "name": "A4LI DC Summit", "start": "2026-06-28", "end": "2026-06-30", "location": "Washington, DC", "region": "", "regularity": "1x/yr", "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 44.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 48, "source_score_k3": 40, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output_proxy": { "notable_keynote_speakers": [ "Matt Kaeberlein (Optispan)", "Eric Verdin (Buck Institute for Research on Aging)", "Stephen Kritchevsky (panel on translating geroscience from lab to patients)", "David Gobel (Methuselah Foundation)", "Mehmet Oz (2025 and 2026 editions)", "Michael Roizen (Cleveland Clinic)", "Andrew Brack (ARPA-H Program Manager)", "Eric Morgen (BioAge Labs, Cofounder & COO)", "Jeffrey Gladden (precision longevity medicine panel)" ], "notes": "A4LI DC Summit (rebranded H-SPAN Summit DC in 2026, hosted at Georgetown University's Capitol Campus with Georgetown University Medical Center's Center for Healthy Aging) is a policy-and-translation-focused event rather than a basic-science venue. Speaker mix includes credible academic geroscientists (Kaeberlein, Verdin, Kritchevsky) alongside government officials (ARPA-H program managers, CMS representatives), sitting members of Congress (Rep. Jake Auchincloss, Rep. Gus Bilirakis, Rep. Paul Tonko - co-chairs of the Congressional Longevity Science Caucus), and celebrity-adjacent medical figures (Dr. Oz). Academic caliber is secondary to its unique function as a policy/advocacy convening." }, "genuine_discoveries_announced": [], "drug_discovery_proxy": { "notable_pipeline_announcements": [], "notes": "This is a policy and regulatory-focused summit (clinical trial design, FDA pathways, ARPA-H funding mechanisms) rather than a venue for new drug/pipeline data disclosures. BioAge Labs' Eric Morgen discussed clinical trial modernization broadly, not specific pipeline results." }, "funding_proxy": { "notable_attending_companies_total_funding_usd_m": null, "notes": "BioAge Labs leadership attended; broader company funding not systematically tied to this event given its policy focus rather than industry/investor focus." }, "llm_ensemble_field_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5", "estimate_years": 0.1, "range_low": 0.02, "range_high": 0.3, "reasoning": "A4LI DC Summit occupies a genuinely unique niche: it is the primary US policy/advocacy convening for longevity science, directly engaging sitting members of Congress (Congressional Longevity Science Caucus), ARPA-H program officers, and CMS representatives, culminating in an annual Capitol Hill lobbying day. This kind of direct government-engagement function, if effective, could have outsized leverage on field-level funding and regulatory pathways (e.g. FDA aging-as-indication debates) relative to its size, though such policy effects are inherently slow-moving and hard to attribute causally to a single annual event." } ], "median_years": 0.1, "caveat": "Speculative estimate of field-acceleration value, not a measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "Well-documented via a4li.org (official summit pages, program schedules, day-by-day photo galleries) and longevity.technology coverage. A4LI (Alliance for Longevity Initiatives) is a 501(c)(4) nonprofit; its DC Summit was rebranded 'H-SPAN Summit DC' by its 2026 (3rd annual) edition, co-hosted with Georgetown University Medical Center. Structure: Day 1 science/translation panels, Day 2 policy/regulatory panels (ARPA-H, CMS, clinical trial modernization), Day 3 Congressional Briefing and Capitol Hill lobbying day. This is the most policy/advocacy-oriented conference in the batch and fills a distinct niche relative to scientific or industry-networking events." }, { "slug": "founders-longevity-forum", "name": "Founders Longevity Forum", "start": "2024 Jun", "end": "", "location": "", "region": "", "regularity": "1x/yr?", "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 41.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 45, "source_score_k3": 38, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output_proxy": { "notable_keynote_speakers": [ "Bryan Johnson (longevity influencer/entrepreneur) - London edition", "Phil Newman (CEO/founder, Longevity.Technology) - co-organizer" ], "notes": "A joint venture between Founders Forum Group (Europe's entrepreneur community, co-founded by Brent Hoberman, led by CEO Carolyn Dawson) and Longevity.Technology (led by Phil Newman). Explicitly a B2B, invitation-only matchmaking series for founders and investors rather than an academic conference; the Singapore edition (Feb 2025, with NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and NUS Academy for Healthy Longevity) drew over 400 attendees and had some academic co-organization credibility. Speaker caliber varies by city edition and skews toward industry/investor/public-facing figures over peer-reviewed researchers." }, "genuine_discoveries_announced": [], "drug_discovery_proxy": { "notable_pipeline_announcements": [], "notes": "No specific drug-pipeline disclosure identified as tied to this event series; content tracks focus on precision geromedicine and biotech investment/commercialization discussion (biomarkers, epigenetic reprogramming, mitochondria transplant therapies) rather than confirmed new pipeline data announcements." }, "funding_proxy": { "notable_attending_companies_total_funding_usd_m": null, "notes": "Functions explicitly as deal-flow matchmaking between longevity startups and VC firms (age1, Apollo Health Ventures cited as example participating investors); no specific deal or aggregate funding total identified as announced at these events." }, "llm_ensemble_field_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5", "estimate_years": 0.1, "range_low": 0.0, "range_high": 0.2, "reasoning": "A growing, multi-city (London, Singapore, San Francisco, Dubai) B2B networking and capital-matchmaking series with real institutional partnerships (NUS in Singapore); its main value is deal-flow acceleration for longevity startups rather than direct scientific discovery. The 2025 spin-out into a larger, public-facing 'Longevity Show' festival (3,000+ attendees debut, June 2026 London) suggests growing ecosystem reach." } ], "median_years": 0.1, "caveat": "Speculative estimate of field-acceleration value, not a measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "Baseline file lists most recent confirmed edition as June 2024 with regularity '1x/yr?'. Search confirms an active, expanding multi-city series: inaugural London edition (London Tech Week, June 2024), second London edition (June 2025), Singapore edition (Feb 2025, with NUS), plus planned San Francisco and Dubai editions. Notably, in late 2025 Founders Forum Group and Longevity.Technology spun out a separate, larger, consumer-facing entity called 'The Longevity Show' (debuted Tobacco Dock, London, June 2026, 3,000+ attendees; second edition planned April 2027; New York edition planned 2027). This represents a significant evolution beyond the original B2B-only forum format; flag for baseline update to capture 'The Longevity Show' as a related/successor event. Sources: founderslongevity.co, medicine.nus.edu.sg, rapamycin.news, longevityshow.com (per citation), lifespan.io." }, { "slug": "reimagining-healthy-aging-the-science-startups-and-business-of-longevity", "name": "Reimagining Healthy Aging: The science, startups and business of longevity", "start": "2026-10-17", "end": "2026-10-17", "location": "Foster City, CA", "region": "North America", "regularity": "", "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 41.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 40, "source_score_k3": 42, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output_proxy": { "notable_keynote_speakers": [ "Michelle Chen (President/CEO, Form Bio; former Chief Business Officer, Insilico Medicine)", "Hanadie Yousef (Co-Founder/CEO, Juvena Therapeutics)", "Joan Mannick (CMO/Head of Product Development, Altos Labs)", "Vinay Prasad (Professor of Medicine, UCSF; former Director, FDA Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research)", "Wei-Wu He (Chairman/CEO, Human Longevity Inc.)" ], "notes": "This is EPPICON 2026, the flagship annual conference of EPPIC Global (a one-day, single-location event, one-day format distinguishes it as smaller/regional relative to the Boston/Copenhagen-scale meetings). Speaker roster is startup/biotech-executive-heavy (Form Bio, Juvena Therapeutics, Altos Labs, Human Longevity Inc., GenePath Diagnostics) with a genuine former-FDA regulatory voice (Vinay Prasad) rather than deep academic-research representation; best characterized as an industry/business convening rather than a scientific discovery venue." }, "genuine_discoveries_announced": [], "drug_discovery_proxy": { "notable_pipeline_announcements": [ "Juvena Therapeutics (Hanadie Yousef) - protein/growth-factor therapeutics for muscle and tissue regeneration in aging, company represented on Therapeutics track", "Altos Labs (Joan Mannick) - cellular rejuvenation/reprogramming platform represented on Therapeutics track" ], "notes": "No specific new pipeline data disclosure verified as announced at this event; company representation on the Therapeutics track is noted but treated as attendance, not a discovery/announcement." }, "funding_proxy": { "notable_attending_companies_total_funding_usd_m": null, "notes": "Altos Labs is among the best-funded reprogramming/rejuvenation biotechs globally (publicly reported to have raised over $3B at its 2022 launch), but this funding predates and is unrelated to this specific conference; Form Bio and Juvena Therapeutics funding figures not independently verified in this pass." }, "llm_ensemble_field_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5", "estimate_years": 0.05, "range_low": 0.0, "range_high": 0.1, "reasoning": "A single-day, San Francisco Bay Area business/startup-focused conference (part of a broader EPPIC Global program) with a solid but not top-tier roster; primarily a networking/pitch/education event for the regional longevity startup ecosystem rather than a discovery or pipeline-disclosure venue." } ], "median_years": 0.05, "caveat": "Speculative estimate of field-acceleration value, not a measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "Baseline file lists Foster City, CA, Oct 17 2026 (1-day event), matching search results (Crowne Plaza Foster City-San Mateo). Full name is EPPICON 2026, organized by EPPIC Global; the 2026 theme is 'Reimagining Healthy Aging: The Science, Startups and Business of Longevity,' matching the conference's baseline-file title exactly. Structured around four tracks: Therapeutics, Diagnostics, Consumer and Wellness, and Founders and Funders. Sources: wsgr.com event listing, luma.com registration page." }, { "slug": "longevity-nation", "name": "Longevity Nation", "start": "2026-11-23", "end": "2026-11-24", "location": "Tel Aviv, Israel", "region": "Middle East", "regularity": "1x/yr", "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 41.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 44, "source_score_k3": 38, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output_proxy": { "notable_keynote_speakers": [ "Nir Barzilai (Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine) - 2024 edition", "Richard Faragher (University of Brighton) - 2024 edition", "Ilia Stambler (conference chair, Vetek Association)" ], "notes": "Full title 'Longevity Nation: Enhancing Research, Development, and Education for Healthy Longevity.' Organized by the Vetek (Seniority) Association - the Movement for Longevity and Quality of Life in Israel, chaired by Dr. Ilia Stambler, in partnership with Bar-Ilan University's Graduate Program in Science, Technology, and Society and the International Longevity Alliance. A free-to-attend, academically-oriented conference focused on translational geroscience, biomarkers, and longevity policy rather than industry/business networking; speaker caliber is respectable (Barzilai, Faragher) but the event is smaller and more policy/advocacy-oriented than industry-scale meetings." }, "genuine_discoveries_announced": [], "drug_discovery_proxy": { "notable_pipeline_announcements": [], "notes": "Not a drug-pipeline-focused event; core focus is geroscience policy, translational research funding gaps, and academic collaboration. No pipeline announcements identified." }, "funding_proxy": { "notable_attending_companies_total_funding_usd_m": null, "notes": "Not an industry-funding showcase; the 2024 edition's major outcome was the launch of the Tripartite American British Israeli Longevity Initiative (TABILI), a research-collaboration initiative with AFAR and UK Ageing Networks (MRC/BBSRC-supported), rather than a company funding announcement." }, "llm_ensemble_field_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5", "estimate_years": 0.15, "range_low": 0.05, "range_high": 0.3, "reasoning": "A modest-scale but policy-and-research-collaboration-focused conference with a genuine track record (TABILI initiative launched at the 2024 edition, linking Israeli, American, and British aging-research funders/institutions); its main field value is in international research-funding coordination rather than direct scientific discovery." } ], "median_years": 0.15, "caveat": "Speculative estimate of field-acceleration value, not a measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "Baseline file lists Tel Aviv, Israel, Nov 23-24 2026, matching search results (though the venue is specifically Bar-Ilan University in Ramat Gan, part of the greater Tel Aviv district). The 2026 dates were deliberately chosen to mark the 100th anniversary of the birth of Rafi Eitan, founder of the Vetek Association. 2026 format is in-person for Israeli residents with an online option for international attendees. Verified via longevitynation.org, afar.org events page, and ageless-societies.asia. Notable prior-year milestone: launch of TABILI (Tripartite American British Israeli Longevity Initiative) at the 2024 edition, per longevitynation.org." }, { "slug": "roundtable-of-longevity-clinics", "name": "Roundtable of Longevity Clinics", "start": "2026-10-17", "end": "2026-10-18", "location": "Novato, CA", "region": "North America", "regularity": "1x/yr", "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 40.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 35, "source_score_k3": 45, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output_proxy": { "notable_keynote_speakers": [ "Eric Verdin (CEO, Buck Institute for Research on Aging)", "Andrea Maier (Co-Founder, CHI Longevity & Healthy Longevity Medicine Society)", "Evelyne Bischof (Medical Director, Sheba Longevity Center)", "S. Jay Olshansky (Professor of Epidemiology, University of Illinois Chicago)", "Dan Buettner (National Geographic Fellow, Founder of Blue Zones)", "Michael Roizen (Cleveland Clinic)" ], "notes": "4th edition (2026), capped at ~250 attendees. Organized by the International Institute of Longevity (IIOL) with the Buck Institute for Research on Aging as scientific partner (host venue). Explicitly an operator-focused, 'no-fluff' conference for people who run longevity clinics rather than a discovery-oriented academic meeting; speaker roster mixes genuine senior researchers (Verdin, Olshansky) with clinical-business operators (William Kapp/Fountain Life, Joanna Bensz/Longevity Center)." }, "genuine_discoveries_announced": [], "drug_discovery_proxy": { "notable_pipeline_announcements": [], "notes": "Not a drug-discovery-oriented venue; focus is on clinical operations, diagnostics vendor selection, and protocol standardization rather than pharma pipeline news. No pipeline announcements identified." }, "funding_proxy": { "notable_attending_companies_total_funding_usd_m": null, "notes": "Attendees are primarily clinic operators and service/diagnostics vendors rather than venture-funded biotechs; no meaningful aggregate funding figure applicable." }, "llm_ensemble_field_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5", "estimate_years": 0.15, "range_low": 0.05, "range_high": 0.3, "reasoning": "A candid, practitioner-only forum for sharing real clinical-economics and protocol data (patient renewal rates, diagnostic cost-benefit, staffing) that is normally kept private; this kind of standard-setting among clinic operators has plausible above-average value for accelerating clinical-practice maturity in longevity medicine specifically, even though it does not generate basic-science discoveries." } ], "median_years": 0.15, "caveat": "Speculative estimate of field-acceleration value, not a measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "Baseline file lists Novato, CA, Oct 17-18 2026, matching search results exactly (Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, plus a pre-day session Oct 16). 4th edition; organized by the International Institute of Longevity (IIOL). Distinctive for its explicitly operator-only, closed-door format (registration ~$399, capped ~250 attendees) designed for candid discussion of clinic business economics rather than public scientific dissemination. Sources: cmegallery.com, chancity.ai, ageless-societies.asia, longevity-roundtable.com." }, { "slug": "translational-longevity-summit", "name": "Translational Longevity Summit", "start": "2026-10-07", "end": "2026-10-11", "location": "Boston, MA", "region": "North America", "regularity": "", "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 37.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 30, "source_score_k3": 45, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output_proxy": { "notable_keynote_speakers": [ "HRH Princess Dr. Haya Bint Khaled Bin Bandar Al Saud (Senior VP of Research, Hevolution Foundation)", "Camillo Ricordi (Professor of Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami; translational cell therapy pioneer)", "David Barzilai (Harvard Medical School Lecturer, Longevity Medicine)", "Curtis L. Cetrulo Jr. (Vice Chair of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai; regenerative reconstructive surgery)" ], "notes": "Co-presented by Boston BioLife (founder Joseph P. Krieger) and the Healthspan Action Coalition (Bernard Siegel), in collaboration with the World Stem Cell Summit and Regenerative Medicine Foundation. A clinically/translationally focused event (cell therapy, evidence-based longevity medicine, regulatory pathways) rather than a basic-science discovery venue; speaker caliber is solid in the cell-therapy/regenerative-medicine and longevity-medicine-policy space specifically, less so in core aging biology." }, "genuine_discoveries_announced": [], "drug_discovery_proxy": { "notable_pipeline_announcements": [ "Kimera Labs (Dillon Betancourt) - exosome and extracellular vesicle therapeutic development presented", "GlycoCalyx Research Institute (Hans Vink) - microvascular health/glycocalyx diagnostics presented as premier sponsor content" ], "notes": "Announcements are workshop/sponsor-level presentations on specific technology platforms (exosomes, glycocalyx diagnostics) rather than major clinical pipeline news; treated as modest but real evidence of industry participation." }, "funding_proxy": { "notable_attending_companies_total_funding_usd_m": null, "notes": "No reliable aggregate funding figure identified for Boston BioLife, Kimera Labs, or GlycoCalyx Research Institute in this research pass; these are smaller/private organizations without consistently reported funding totals." }, "llm_ensemble_field_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5", "estimate_years": 0.1, "range_low": 0.0, "range_high": 0.2, "reasoning": "A multi-day translational/clinical-focused summit anchoring part of Boston Longevity Week, valuable for bridging cell therapy research into longevity-medicine clinical practice, but with modest and mostly sponsor-level pipeline disclosures rather than field-shifting announcements." } ], "median_years": 0.1, "caveat": "Speculative estimate of field-acceleration value, not a measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "Baseline file lists Boston, MA, Oct 7-11 2026 (5-day event), matching search results (One Milestone, Harvard Enterprise Research Campus). Marks Boston BioLife's 11th year of translational medicine leadership per press coverage (streetinsider.com). Anchors the back half of Boston Longevity Week 2026 alongside the Biomarkers of Aging Conference and ARDD. Sources: bostonlongevityweek.com, healthspanaction.org, worldstemcellsummit.com, streetinsider.com, glycocalyx.com." }, { "slug": "doc-2026-title-longevity-scinece-medical-ai", "name": "DOC (2026 title: Longevity Scinece & Medical AI)", "start": "2026-10-21", "end": "2026-10-23", "location": "Sonoma, CA", "region": "North America", "regularity": "1x/yr", "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 37.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 40, "source_score_k3": 34, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output_proxy": { "notable_keynote_speakers": [ "Alicia Jackson (Director, ARPA-H)", "George Yancopoulos (Co-Founder, President & CSO, Regeneron)", "Nir Barzilai (Director, Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine)", "Adam Gazzaley (Founder, UCSF Neuroscape)", "Nicole Gaudelli (Google Ventures Entrepreneur-in-Residence; inventor of the Adenine Base Editor)", "Max Hodak (CEO, Science Corporation)", "Laura Esserman (Director, UCSF Breast Care Center)" ], "notes": "A highly selective, invitation-only summit (~300 attendees) founded by Dr. Jordan L. Shlain and co-led by John Battelle and CEO Dr. Neil Parikh. Explicit philosophy of 'truth in medicine, all science, no bullshit,' positioning it as a rigor-focused, cross-disciplinary event (medical AI, neurotech, longevity) rather than a longevity-only meeting. Speaker caliber is very high, including a sitting ARPA-H director and Regeneron's co-founder/CSO, giving this unusual policy and big-pharma-leadership access relative to most longevity-specific conferences." }, "genuine_discoveries_announced": [], "drug_discovery_proxy": { "notable_pipeline_announcements": [ "Science Corporation (Max Hodak) - neurotechnology/brain-computer interface platform represented", "Regeneron (George Yancopoulos) - large-cap pharma R&D leadership represented" ], "notes": "No specific new pipeline disclosure verified as announced at this event in available coverage; treated as attendee/speaker representation rather than confirmed announcement." }, "funding_proxy": { "notable_attending_companies_total_funding_usd_m": null, "notes": "Regeneron is a large publicly traded pharma company (market cap far exceeds typical longevity-biotech scale, not directly comparable); Science Corporation has raised substantial private funding for neurotech but a verified figure was not compiled in this pass." }, "llm_ensemble_field_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5", "estimate_years": 0.2, "range_low": 0.05, "range_high": 0.4, "reasoning": "Small, highly selective, cross-disciplinary summit with unusually senior policy (ARPA-H) and big-pharma (Regeneron) representation alongside credible longevity/neurotech researchers; likely punches above its size in terms of high-level relationship-building and idea cross-pollination between medical AI, neurotech, and longevity science, even without direct discovery announcements." } ], "median_years": 0.2, "caveat": "Speculative estimate of field-acceleration value, not a measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "Baseline file lists Sonoma, CA, Oct 21-23 2026, matching search results (Fairmont Sonoma Mission Inn). Full theme for 2026: 'The Intersection of Neuroscience/Neurotech, Longevity Science, & Applied Medical AI.' Runs a DOC Fellows Program in partnership with the Buck Institute for Research on Aging. Attendance is application/invitation-only. Sources: doc.health official site (events.doc.health/2026/program, /faculty), medium.com posts by founder Jordan Shlain and John Battelle." }, { "slug": "australian-biology-of-aging-conference-abac-longevity-global-conference", "name": "Australian Biology of Aging Conference (ABAC) + Longevity Global Conference", "start": "2026-12-07", "end": "2026-12-09", "location": "Melbourne, Australia", "region": "Australia", "regularity": "", "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 37.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 44, "source_score_k3": 30, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output_proxy": { "notable_keynote_speakers": [], "notes": "Australia's premier and largest geroscience-specific academic conference, organized by the Australian Biology of Ageing Network (ABAN). The 2026 edition is a joint meeting with Longevity Global, marking the launch of the first Australian Longevity Global chapter ('Longevity MEL'), hosted at the University of Melbourne. No individually named headline keynote speakers were identified for the 2026 edition in this research pass (abstract-driven academic conference format rather than celebrity-keynote format); prior editions (2025, Sydney) drew researchers from the Centenary Institute, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, and University of Sydney's Charles Perkins Centre." }, "genuine_discoveries_announced": [ { "area": "Aging Clocks (multi-modal: methylation, proteomic, imaging)", "discovery": "Australian researchers associated with the ABAC/ABAN network (e.g. via ARMI, Monash National Centre for Healthy Ageing) have published on organ-specific biological aging rates and epigenetic clocks, themes central to ABAC's recurring scientific program", "year": "2025", "evidence_url": "https://armi.org.au/news-media/media-releases/ageing-rewrites-every-organ-differently-and-one-molecular-pathway-could-be-the-key-to-slowing-it/", "confidence": "low" } ], "drug_discovery_proxy": { "notable_pipeline_announcements": [], "notes": "Primarily an academic conference (abstract/poster submission format) rather than an industry pipeline showcase; no specific drug-pipeline announcement was confirmed as tied directly to a specific ABAC edition in this pass." }, "funding_proxy": { "notable_attending_companies_total_funding_usd_m": null, "notes": "Not an industry-funding-focused event; free to attend for registered participants in 2026." }, "llm_ensemble_field_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5", "estimate_years": 0.1, "range_low": 0.0, "range_high": 0.2, "reasoning": "The main national academic geroscience conference for Australia, valuable for domestic field-building and cross-institution collaboration (Sydney, Melbourne, Monash), now expanding its reach via the Longevity Global partnership; modest direct field-acceleration given its academic/regional (rather than global industry) scope." } ], "median_years": 0.1, "caveat": "Speculative estimate of field-acceleration value, not a measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "Baseline file lists Melbourne, Australia, Dec 7-9 2026, matching search results (Kathleen Fitzpatrick Theatre, Arts West Building, University of Melbourne). The 2026 event is a joint ABAC + Longevity Global conference, marking the launch of 'Longevity MEL,' the first Australian Longevity Global chapter. Prior edition: ABAC 2025 (Nov 17-18, 2025, Camperdown life sciences precinct, Sydney) after a postponement period. Organized by the Australian Biology of Ageing Network (ABAN, ausagenet.com). No individually confirmed named keynote speakers for the 2026 edition were found in available English-language coverage at time of research; this is stated explicitly rather than inferred or fabricated." }, { "slug": "international-longevity-summit-madrid", "name": "International Longevity Summit Madrid", "start": "2026-09-28", "end": "2026-10-01", "location": "Madrid, Spain", "region": "Europe", "regularity": "1x/yr", "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 35.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 35, "source_score_k3": 35, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output_proxy": { "notable_keynote_speakers": [ "George Church (Harvard Medical School)", "Maria Blasco (CNIO, telomeres/telomerase)", "Guido Kroemer (Universit\u00e9 Paris-Descartes, cell biology)", "Brian Kennedy (National University of Singapore, Center for Healthy Longevity)", "Joao Pedro de Magalhaes (aging researcher)", "Steven Austad (University of Alabama at Birmingham)", "Eric Topol (Scripps Research)", "Valentin Fuster (Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital)", "Peter Diamandis (XPRIZE Foundation)", "Aubrey de Grey (LEV Foundation)" ], "notes": "Chaired by futurist Jose Luis Cordeiro, the summit mixes a genuine roster of senior academic aging researchers (Church, Blasco, Kroemer, Kennedy, de Magalhaes, Austad) with clinicians (Topol, Fuster), industry/entrepreneur figures (Diamandis, Michael West, Wei-Wu He), and futurist/advocacy speakers (de Grey, Ben Goertzel, Natasha Vita-More). Academic caliber of the top-tier invitees is high, but the program blends serious science with futurist/advocacy content more than a pure academic meeting like ARDD or Cell Symposia." }, "genuine_discoveries_announced": [], "drug_discovery_proxy": { "notable_pipeline_announcements": [], "notes": "No specific drug-pipeline announcements tied to this conference could be verified via public English-language coverage. Attendee list includes entrepreneurs from Human Longevity Inc., Life Extension, Novogenia, and Gero, but no conference-specific pipeline news was found." }, "funding_proxy": { "notable_attending_companies_total_funding_usd_m": null, "notes": "No aggregate funding figure could be reliably attributed to this event; attendee companies (Gero, Human Longevity Inc., European Wellness Biomedical Group) are privately held with no consistently reported funding totals found in this research pass." }, "llm_ensemble_field_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5", "estimate_years": 0.1, "range_low": 0.0, "range_high": 0.3, "reasoning": "High-profile academic/clinical speaker list gives the event convening value and public visibility for longevity science in the Spanish/European market, but no verifiable discoveries or pipeline announcements are tied to this specific event, so estimated direct field-acceleration is minimal." } ], "median_years": 0.1, "caveat": "Speculative estimate of field-acceleration value, not a measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "Baseline data/conferences file lists dates as 2026-09-28 to 2026-10-01; web search corroborates a Sept 30-Oct 1, 2026 edition at the Royal National Academy of Medicine of Spain, Madrid, chaired by Jose Luis Cordeiro. Speaker list drawn from event marketing/aggregator pages (cmegallery.com, 10times.com, official site longevitysummit.madrid); not cross-checked against primary conference program PDF. No specific scientific discovery or drug pipeline announcement could be attributed to this event in available English-language coverage; treat as a high-visibility convening/advocacy event rather than a primary discovery venue." }, { "slug": "next-generation-longevity", "name": "Next Generation Longevity", "start": "2026-10-15", "end": "2026-10-16", "location": "Osaka, Japan", "region": "Asia", "regularity": "", "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 32.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 25, "source_score_k3": 40, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output_proxy": { "notable_keynote_speakers": [ "Eric Verdin (President/CEO, Buck Institute for Research on Aging; sirtuins/HDACs/metabolism)", "Brian Kennedy (Director, NUS Centre for Healthy Longevity)", "Andrea Maier (Co-founder, NUS Academy for Healthy Longevity)", "Makoto Kuro-o (Jichi Medical University, discoverer of the klotho aging-suppressor gene)", "Anthony Molina (Co-lead, XPRIZE Healthspan Central Laboratory and Biorepository)" ], "notes": "Co-chaired by Anant Vinjamoori (Next Generation Medicine founder, CMO at Hims & Hers), Deepti Agarwal, and Naoko Kita. Held at the government-backed Nakanoshima Qross regenerative medicine hub in Osaka. Genuinely strong senior-academic representation (Verdin, Kennedy, Maier, Kuro-o are all major names in aging biology) blended with clinical longevity-medicine practitioners and Japanese health-policy figures (former Health Minister Keizo Takemi), giving it real substance beyond a pure business/networking event." }, "genuine_discoveries_announced": [], "drug_discovery_proxy": { "notable_pipeline_announcements": [], "notes": "No specific drug-pipeline announcement tied to this conference identified; event skews toward clinical longevity medicine, policy, and healthspan-focused biomarker/diagnostics content (XPRIZE Healthspan, microbiome, precision medicine) rather than pharma pipeline disclosures." }, "funding_proxy": { "notable_attending_companies_total_funding_usd_m": null, "notes": "No reliable aggregate funding figure identified for attending companies (Hims & Hers is publicly traded but its scale is unrelated to longevity-specific funding; smaller attendees like Expand Health and Human Life Expectancy Inc. are private with no confirmed funding figures found)." }, "llm_ensemble_field_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5", "estimate_years": 0.1, "range_low": 0.0, "range_high": 0.2, "reasoning": "A well-curated clinical/policy convening event with genuinely senior geroscience speakers and strong government/health-system backing in Japan (Nakanoshima Qross, former Health Minister), but function is primarily dissemination and clinical-practice alignment rather than driving new discoveries or pipeline results." } ], "median_years": 0.1, "caveat": "Speculative estimate of field-acceleration value, not a measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "Baseline file lists Osaka, Japan, Oct 15-16 2026, matching search results (Nakanoshima Qross regenerative medicine hub). Sources: official site nextgenerationlongevity.com and longevity.technology news coverage. No discovery/drug-pipeline/funding claims fabricated; fields left explicitly thin where no verifiable event-specific announcement was found." }, { "slug": "mvmnt-longevity-medicine-summit", "name": "Mvmnt: Longevity Medicine Summit", "start": "2026-09-22", "end": "2026-09-23", "location": "San Diego, CA", "region": "North America", "regularity": "", "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 32.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 30, "source_score_k3": 34, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output_proxy": { "notable_keynote_speakers": [], "notes": "MVMNT is a newly launched (inaugural edition September 22-23, 2026) clinician-focused summit hosted by Vituity (a large US physician-owned multispecialty partnership) in partnership with MOOV Health & Wellness and Inflect Health (Vituity's innovation/VC arm). No individual named speakers were found in available sources for the inaugural cohort; the event page describes a 'curated faculty' model with an open speaker-application process for future editions rather than publishing a public roster at the time of this research. Positioned as an 'evidence-graded' clinical education event (offering ACCME/ACPE/ANCC-accredited CE/CME credits) targeted at practicing physicians and advanced practice providers rather than basic-science researchers." }, "genuine_discoveries_announced": [], "drug_discovery_proxy": { "notable_pipeline_announcements": [], "notes": "MVMNT is a clinical education/CME summit, not a drug pipeline disclosure venue; no company announcements found." }, "funding_proxy": { "notable_attending_companies_total_funding_usd_m": null, "notes": "Vituity and its subsidiaries (MOOV Health & Wellness, Inflect Health) are the primary organizing entities; no third-party biotech funding data tied to this event was found." }, "llm_ensemble_field_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5", "estimate_years": 0.02, "range_low": 0, "range_high": 0.05, "reasoning": "MVMNT fills a distinct and useful niche: clinical education/CME-accredited training for practicing physicians on evidence-graded longevity medicine (biomarkers, metabolic/cardiovascular protocols, women's longevity, regenerative medicine), which could meaningfully affect clinical practice adoption speed even without generating new science. However, as a brand-new (2026 inaugural), single ~300-attendee event with no published speaker roster yet, there is limited evidence to assess its actual field-wide impact beyond its stated intent." } ], "median_years": 0.02, "caveat": "Speculative estimate of field-acceleration value, not a measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "Documented via theemvmnt.com (official site) and a press release (wboc.com/vituity.com). Inaugural summit Sept 22-23, 2026 at Loews Coronado Bay Resort, San Diego County, CA (matches baseline data date/location). Approximately 300 clinicians/industry leaders attended. This is a genuinely thin profile because the event is brand new and, per its own site, uses a rolling speaker-application/curation model rather than publishing a fixed roster in advance; no speaker names should be fabricated to fill this gap." }, { "slug": "longevity-summit-viva-frontier-tower", "name": "Longevity Summit @ Viva Frontier Tower", "start": "2025-06-22", "end": "2025-06-23", "location": "San Francisco, CA", "region": "", "regularity": "? (new)", "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 30.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 38, "source_score_k3": 22, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output_proxy": { "notable_keynote_speakers": [], "notes": "No individually-named headline academic keynote speakers were identified in available coverage. This event is fundamentally different in format from traditional conferences: it was the opening weekend (June 22-23, 2025) of a 'Longevity Track' (June 20-July 3, 2025) inside a six-week experimental 'vertical pop-up village' at Frontier Tower (995 Market St, San Francisco), organized in partnership with Viva.City (Laurence Ion, a Zuzalu pop-up city organizer) and the Frontier Tower team (Jakob Drzazga). Conceptually inspired by Balaji Srinivasan's 'Network State' idea; framed around 'accelerating drug development to make death optional' rather than a traditional peer-reviewed scientific program." }, "genuine_discoveries_announced": [], "drug_discovery_proxy": { "notable_pipeline_announcements": [], "notes": "No specific drug-pipeline announcement identified; event function was cross-disciplinary networking, biomarker/DEXA/CGM testing access for attendees, and founder-investor matchmaking (including for DeSci/decentralized-science biotech projects) rather than a venue for company pipeline disclosures." }, "funding_proxy": { "notable_attending_companies_total_funding_usd_m": null, "notes": "Not an industry-funding showcase in the traditional sense; described as a matchmaking hub for longevity-focused founders seeking investors/co-founders, but no specific deal or aggregate funding figure was identified." }, "llm_ensemble_field_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5", "estimate_years": 0.03, "range_low": 0.0, "range_high": 0.1, "reasoning": "A novel, one-off (as of this research pass) experimental community/pop-up-village format rather than an established recurring scientific conference; interesting as an ecosystem-building experiment (crypto/DeSci-adjacent longevity community) but with no verifiable discovery or pipeline output, and unclear whether it recurs annually." } ], "median_years": 0.03, "caveat": "Speculative estimate of field-acceleration value, not a measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "Baseline file lists San Francisco, CA, June 22-23 2025, matching search results exactly. This is a genuinely unusual entry among the 23 conferences researched: not a standalone traditional conference but the launch weekend of the 'Longevity Track' inside a broader 6-week 'vertical pop-up village' experiment at Frontier Tower (formerly Berlinhouse), which also ran an AI Summit (July 12-13, 2025) and Crypto Summit (July 19-20, 2025) before a Demo Day (Aug 1, 2025). Regularity is unconfirmed ('new' per baseline file); no evidence found of a recurring annual cadence as of this research pass. Sources: crypto.news event page, luma.com event listings, sfist.com, viva.city, xyz.city." }, { "slug": "aging-code-summit", "name": "Aging Code Summit", "start": "2026-05-26", "end": "2026-05-27", "location": "Boston, MA", "region": "", "regularity": "~1x/yr", "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 29.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 20, "source_score_k3": 38, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output_proxy": { "notable_keynote_speakers": [ "Kristen Fortney (BioAge, CEO & Co-Founder)", "Sharon Rosenzweig-Lipson (Life Biosciences, CSO)", "Manolis Kellis (MIT, Professor of Computer Science)", "Jamie Heywood (Alden Scientific, CEO & Founder)" ], "notes": "Organized as part of Boston Tech Week (co-hosted with Longevity Global Boston chapter, MindVyne, and 3cubed.ai), with a strong AI-x-biology orientation. Speaker roster mixes credible academic computational biology (Kellis, MIT) with biotech executives (Fortney, Rosenzweig-Lipson, Heywood); caliber is solid for a regional industry-academic crossover event but not a top-tier basic-science venue." }, "genuine_discoveries_announced": [], "drug_discovery_proxy": { "notable_pipeline_announcements": [ "BioAge (Kristen Fortney) - metabolic/longevity clinical pipeline discussed", "Life Biosciences (Sharon Rosenzweig-Lipson) - partial reprogramming and neurodegeneration pipeline discussed" ], "notes": "No specific new pipeline data disclosures were confirmed as first announced at this summit; speakers are known company leaders discussing ongoing programs." }, "funding_proxy": { "notable_attending_companies_total_funding_usd_m": null, "notes": "Attendees include BioAge and Life Biosciences leadership plus VC judges (e.g. quadraScope Ventures); aggregate funding not computed given lighter-touch scope." }, "llm_ensemble_field_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5", "estimate_years": 0.03, "range_low": 0, "range_high": 0.08, "reasoning": "Aging Code Summit is a newer (2026-era) regional event embedded in Boston Tech Week with an explicit AI-for-longevity focus and a linked Pitch Fest (partnered with MIT's The Engine) that provides real early-stage startup support (wet-lab residency prize). This gives it a modest but concrete translational/ecosystem-building function beyond typical talk-only conferences, though its short track record limits confidence in sustained impact." } ], "median_years": 0.03, "caveat": "Speculative estimate of field-acceleration value, not a measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "Two-day format: Day 1 technical summit (AI/computational biology, senescence, epigenetic clocks, clinical translation from Harvard/MIT/Broad), Day 2 Pitch Fest for Seed/Series A longevity startups with a residency-at-The-Engine grand prize. Co-hosted with Longevity Global Boston, MindVyne, 3cubed.ai as part of Boston Tech Week (a16z-sponsored week). Good source coverage via agingcodesummit.com, longevitygl.org, lifespan.io." }, { "slug": "2060-longevity-forum", "name": "2060 Longevity Forum", "start": "2026-09-02", "end": "2026-09-03", "location": "Aix-en-Provence, France", "region": "Europe", "regularity": "1x/yr", "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 28.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 25, "source_score_k3": 32, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output_proxy": { "notable_keynote_speakers": [ "Brian Kennedy (National University of Singapore) - 2025 inaugural edition", "Aubrey de Grey (LEV Foundation, President) - 2026, 'Neglected Aspects of Rejuvenation'", "Natasha Vita-More - human enhancement/futurism", "Emil Kendziorra (Tomorrow Bio) - biostasis/cryopreservation", "Jose Cordeiro (International Longevity Alliance, Director)", "Oliver Zolman, Keith Comito, Guillaume Blivet (REGEnLIFE) - preventive/cellular optimization panels" ], "notes": "2060 Longevity Forum, organized by the 2060 Foundation (Gabriel Cian), is explicitly designed as an investment-and-science crossover event rather than a pure academic venue. Speaker roster mixes one credible senior academic (Brian Kennedy) with longevity advocacy/biotech figures (de Grey, Vita-More, Cordeiro) and applied/clinical practitioners (Zolman, Blivet). Academic depth is modest; the event's distinguishing feature is its explicit capital-matching function." }, "genuine_discoveries_announced": [], "drug_discovery_proxy": { "notable_pipeline_announcements": [ "Tomorrow Bio (Emil Kendziorra) - cryopreservation/biostasis service model discussed", "REGEnLIFE (Guillaume Blivet) - light therapy for cardiovascular/cognitive rejuvenation discussed" ], "notes": "No first-disclosure drug pipeline data found; content is oriented toward applied/consumer longevity technologies and investment matchmaking rather than novel scientific results." }, "funding_proxy": { "notable_attending_companies_total_funding_usd_m": null, "notes": "The 2025 inaugural edition reportedly facilitated over $1 million in transactions among ~30 startups and 100+ investors (per event's own reporting via lifespan.io); this is a deal-flow/transaction figure rather than aggregate company funding and is noted as self-reported by event organizers, not independently verified." }, "llm_ensemble_field_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5", "estimate_years": 0.03, "range_low": 0, "range_high": 0.08, "reasoning": "2060 Longevity Forum is a small, new (est. 2025), explicitly investment-matchmaking-focused event in a unique wellness-tourism setting (Aix-en-Provence, marketed with Blue Zone-adjacent lifestyle framing). Its self-reported ~$1M in facilitated transactions in year one is a genuine, if modest and self-reported, direct funding effect. It also runs a year-round investment vehicle (the 2060 Club), giving it more persistent deal-flow function than a single annual event. Field-wide acceleration is real but small given its early stage and boutique size (~200 attendees)." } ], "median_years": 0.03, "caveat": "Speculative estimate of field-acceleration value, not a measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "Well-documented via forum.2060.life (official site with program page) and extensive lifespan.io coverage (multiple interviews with founder Gabriel Cian). Organized by the 2060 Foundation; mission is to 'defeat human biological aging before 2060' via capital-science matchmaking. Held at Set Club, Aix-en-Provence, France, marketed with Blue-Zone-adjacent wellness framing. Inaugural edition Aug 30-31, 2025; second edition Sept 2-3, 2026. Also operates the '2060 Club,' a year-round longevity startup investment syndicate with ~$5,000 entry point for private investors." }, { "slug": "world-aging-and-rejuvenation-conference-arc", "name": "World Aging and Rejuvenation Conference (ARC)", "start": "2026-06-18", "end": "2026-06-19", "location": "Prague, Czech Republic", "region": "Europe", "regularity": "1x/yr", "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 25.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 30, "source_score_k3": 20, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output_proxy": { "notable_keynote_speakers": [ "Tamas Fulop (University of Sherbrooke) - Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis, infection triggers", "Gene L. Bowman (Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard) - Omega-3 clinical trials and brain aging", "Sid O'Bryant (UNT Health Fort Worth) - Alzheimer's biomarkers across diverse populations, clinical trial representation", "Weiwei Dang (Baylor College of Medicine) - epigenetic regulation and chromatin remodeling in aging" ], "notes": "ARC (organized by Innovinc International) is a commercial/for-profit academic conference series (8th edition by 2026, Prague) with a broad international speaker roster spanning US, Canadian, European, and Asian institutions. Speaker caliber is mixed: some legitimate mid-career academic researchers with peer-reviewed track records (Fulop, Bowman, O'Bryant, Dang) alongside a long tail of less prominent presenters typical of large multi-track 'InnovInc'-style commercial science conferences." }, "genuine_discoveries_announced": [ { "area": "Alzheimer's Disease Mechanisms", "discovery": "Tamas Fulop presented a pathogenetic hypothesis linking bacterial/viral infections (e.g. Porphyromonas gingivalis) as early triggers of Alzheimer's disease", "year": "2026", "evidence_url": "https://medicalevents.com/event/8th-world-aging-and-rejuvenation-conference-arc-2026-prague-czechia", "confidence": "low" }, { "area": "Cognitive Aging & Neuroplasticity", "discovery": "Gene L. Bowman presented 3-year double-blind controlled trial evidence on plasma Omega-3s reducing brain white matter lesions, advocating precision nutrition for brain aging", "year": "2026", "evidence_url": "https://medicalevents.com/event/8th-world-aging-and-rejuvenation-conference-arc-2026-prague-czechia", "confidence": "low" } ], "drug_discovery_proxy": { "notable_pipeline_announcements": [], "notes": "No company drug pipeline announcements were found tied to this conference; content skews toward nutrition/supplements and academic clinical research (2026 theme: 'Unlock Healthy Longevity: Supplements')." }, "funding_proxy": { "notable_attending_companies_total_funding_usd_m": null, "notes": "No notable well-funded biotech company attendance identified; one small presenting company found (Myomar Molecular Inc., Canada) with no funding data available." }, "llm_ensemble_field_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5", "estimate_years": 0.01, "range_low": 0, "range_high": 0.03, "reasoning": "ARC is a commercial multi-track conference series (Innovinc International) that recurs annually across different international cities, with a broad but uneven speaker roster and a nutrition/supplements-heavy 2026 theme. It presents legitimate academic research (e.g. Fulop's Alzheimer's infection hypothesis, Bowman's Omega-3 trial data) but functions more as a broad dissemination/networking event than a discovery-generating venue; genuine field impact is low relative to top-tier academic society meetings." } ], "median_years": 0.01, "caveat": "Speculative estimate of field-acceleration value, not a measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "Well-documented for the 2026 (8th) Prague edition via medicalevents.com and aging-geriatrics.com (the series' own site). Organized by Innovinc International, a for-profit conference organizer running many similarly-branded 'World Congress' style events across scientific fields; treat with appropriate caution regarding selectivity/rigor relative to society-run academic meetings. Theme for 2026: 'Unlock Healthy Longevity: Supplements.'" }, { "slug": "longevity-innovation-forum", "name": "Longevity Innovation Forum", "start": "2026-03-11", "end": "2026-03-12", "location": "San Diego, CA", "region": "North America", "regularity": "new, planned 1x/yr", "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 24.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 30, "source_score_k3": 18, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output_proxy": { "notable_keynote_speakers": [ "Michael Snyder (Professor, Stanford University)", "Eric Verdin (President/CEO, Buck Institute for Research on Aging)", "Steve Horvath (developer of the epigenetic clock; Principal Investigator, Altos Labs)", "Jeanne Loring (Founder, Center for Regenerative Medicine at Scripps; Aspen Neuroscience)", "Irina Conboy (Professor, UC Berkeley; scientific lead, Generation Lab)", "Pinchas Cohen (Dean, USC Leonard Davis School of Gerontology)" ], "notes": "Inaugural (1st Annual) edition, also called the 'Longevity SD Summit,' organized by the San Diego chapter of Longevity Global under Salah Mahmoudi, held at the Pacific Center in San Diego. Over 30 speakers, 500+ attendees (in-person plus virtual). Strong academic bench for a first-year regional event, headlined by Steve Horvath (the single most-cited epigenetic clock researcher in the field) alongside senior institutional leaders (Verdin, Cohen, Loring, Conboy)." }, "genuine_discoveries_announced": [], "drug_discovery_proxy": { "notable_pipeline_announcements": [], "notes": "No specific drug-pipeline disclosure identified as announced at this event; forum hosted a startup pitch session for pre-seed/seed longevity biotechs but no individual pitch outcomes or pipeline data were verified in available coverage." }, "funding_proxy": { "notable_attending_companies_total_funding_usd_m": null, "notes": "No aggregate attending-company/investor funding figure identified; event included dedicated pitch sessions connecting startups with 'a curated room of dedicated longevity investors' per event coverage, but no specific deal size or total was reported." }, "llm_ensemble_field_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5", "estimate_years": 0.1, "range_low": 0.0, "range_high": 0.2, "reasoning": "Strong first-year academic speaker roster (notably Steve Horvath, a field-foundational figure in aging biomarkers) for a regional West Coast event, functioning as a new anchor for the Southern California longevity biotech corridor; still too new (1st edition) to have an established track record of driving discoveries or major deals." } ], "median_years": 0.1, "caveat": "Speculative estimate of field-acceleration value, not a measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "Baseline file lists San Diego, CA, Mar 11-12 2026 ('new, planned 1x/yr'), matching search results exactly (Pacific Center, San Diego, theme 'From Lab to Life: Translating Longevity into Reality'). Organized by Longevity Global's San Diego chapter ('Longevity SD'). Sources: lifespan.io event coverage, longevitygl.org official event pages, luma.com registration page." }, { "slug": "raadfest", "name": "RAADFest", "start": "2026-09-04", "end": "2026-09-06", "location": "Scottsdale, AZ", "region": "North America", "regularity": "1x/yr", "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 23.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 32, "source_score_k3": 15, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output_proxy": { "notable_keynote_speakers": [ "Aubrey de Grey (LEV Foundation, President & CSO)", "Matt Kaeberlein (Optispan, CEO) - 2025 edition", "Brian Kennedy (National University of Singapore) - 2025 edition", "Liz Parrish (BioViva, CEO)", "William Faloon (Life Extension Foundation, Co-founder)", "Bill Andrews (Sierra Sciences, CEO) - telomerase therapy", "James Strole (Coalition for Radical Life Extension, Co-founder & Executive Director)" ], "notes": "RAADFest (organized by the Coalition for Radical Life Extension) mixes a small number of legitimate senior academic geroscientists (Kaeberlein, Kennedy appeared in 2025) with a much larger roster of longevity advocates, supplement/protocol entrepreneurs, and biohacking figures whose claims often lack peer-reviewed support (e.g. telomerase activator marketing, various 'protocols'). Our baseline data flags this directly: 'a mix of some serious aging science & a lot of expo featuring stuff that is available but with varying degrees of supporting data.' Academic caliber is the most uneven/mixed of any conference in this batch." }, "genuine_discoveries_announced": [], "drug_discovery_proxy": { "notable_pipeline_announcements": [ "BioViva (Liz Parrish) - clinical-stage gene therapy for age reversal updates", "Sierra Sciences (Bill Andrews) - telomerase activator research updates", "Life Extension Foundation (William Faloon) - age-reversal clinical trial funding updates" ], "notes": "Pipeline claims presented at RAADFest are largely self-reported by the presenting companies/individuals and often lack independent peer-reviewed confirmation; treat with appropriate skepticism per the conference's own reputation for mixing serious science with less-substantiated commercial claims." }, "funding_proxy": { "notable_attending_companies_total_funding_usd_m": null, "notes": "No well-documented institutional/VC funding figures found for the primarily direct-to-consumer companies presenting (BioViva, Sierra Sciences); these are largely bootstrapped or crowdfunded rather than traditional VC-backed biotechs." }, "llm_ensemble_field_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5", "estimate_years": 0.01, "range_low": -0.02, "range_high": 0.04, "reasoning": "RAADFest is a large, long-running (10+ years) public-facing consumer longevity festival with real movement-building and public-awareness value, occasionally featuring legitimate senior academics (Kaeberlein, Kennedy in 2025), but its core content mix (advocacy, unverified protocols, direct-to-consumer supplement marketing) means it functions primarily as public engagement/community-building rather than a venue that meaningfully accelerates scientific or clinical progress. A ProPublica investigation into peptide injections at the event (per search citations) also flags real reputational/safety concerns that argue against overweighting this venue's positive field impact." } ], "median_years": 0.01, "caveat": "Speculative estimate of field-acceleration value, not a measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "Well-documented via raadfest.com (official site with speaker pages) and secondary coverage (lifeextension.com conference report, ProPublica investigative piece on peptide injections at the event). RAADFest has run for 10+ years; 2025 edition was in Las Vegas (July 10-13), while our baseline data's referenced 2026 edition is Scottsdale, AZ (Sept 4-6, per baseline) - note some source confusion between which year was in which city, resolved here by citing both editions distinctly as found. Given the conference's own well-documented reputation (per our baseline notes and ProPublica coverage) for uneven scientific rigor, this profile is intentionally conservative in both discovery and impact estimates." }, { "slug": "silicon-valley-applied-longevity-translation-symposium-salts", "name": "Silicon Valley Applied Longevity Translation Symposium (SALTS)", "start": "2026-01-15", "end": "2026-01-15", "location": "Stanford, CA", "region": "North America", "regularity": "1x/yr", "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 22.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 5, "source_score_k3": 40, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output_proxy": { "notable_keynote_speakers": [ "Michael Snyder (Professor and Chair, Stanford Medicine Dept. of Genetics; co-organizer)", "Ronjon Nag (Adjunct Professor, Stanford Medicine Dept. of Genetics; Founder, R42 Group; co-organizer)", "Helen Blau (Director, Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Stanford Medicine)", "Tony Wyss-Coray (Professor of Neurology, Stanford Medicine)", "Anne Brunet (Professor of Genetics, Stanford Medicine)", "Eric Verdin (President/CEO, Buck Institute for Research on Aging)" ], "notes": "Hosted at the Stanford Faculty Club, organized in collaboration with the R42 Institute and Longevity Global. Genuinely strong, deep Stanford faculty bench (Snyder, Blau, Wyss-Coray, Brunet, Katja Weinacht, Karen Adams, Anthony Wagner) presenting their own specific named research talks, giving this a very high academic-substance-to-size ratio despite being a single-university, one-day-scale symposium rather than a large international meeting." }, "genuine_discoveries_announced": [ { "area": "Musculoskeletal Aging (Osteoporosis, Sarcopenia)", "discovery": "Helen Blau presented on regenerating and rejuvenating aged muscle by targeting the gerozyme 15-PGDH, and on cartilage rejuvenation", "year": "2025", "evidence_url": "https://luma.com/50cqu4e5", "confidence": "medium" }, { "area": "Aging Clocks (multi-modal: methylation, proteomic, imaging)", "discovery": "Michael Snyder presented 'What Agetype Are You?' on organ/system-specific aging rates within individuals", "year": "2025", "evidence_url": "https://www.ageotype.com/", "confidence": "medium" }, { "area": "Immunosenescence & Vaccine Response in Elderly", "discovery": "Katja Weinacht presented on regenerating the thymus for immune boosting and anti-aging", "year": "2025", "evidence_url": "https://luma.com/50cqu4e5", "confidence": "medium" }, { "area": "Cognitive Aging & Neuroplasticity", "discovery": "Tony Wyss-Coray presented on cell age predicting individual disease risk and health status; Anthony Wagner presented on aging and memory", "year": "2025", "evidence_url": "https://luma.com/50cqu4e5", "confidence": "medium" } ], "drug_discovery_proxy": { "notable_pipeline_announcements": [ "Ronjon Nag (R42 Group) - presented on 'The Coming Aging Vaccine'", "Stealth Biotherapeutics (Hazel Szeto) - mitochondria drug discovery presented" ], "notes": "Symposium format centers on academic talks with named specific research findings (see genuine_discoveries_announced) rather than corporate pipeline disclosures; the R42 Group 'aging vaccine' talk and Stealth Biotherapeutics mitochondria talk are the clearest industry-adjacent content identified." }, "funding_proxy": { "notable_attending_companies_total_funding_usd_m": null, "notes": "Includes an Investor Panel (Maroon Venture Fund, Arben Ventures, R42) and a Startup Pitch Competition, but no specific deal or aggregate funding figure was identified as announced at the symposium." }, "llm_ensemble_field_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5", "estimate_years": 0.2, "range_low": 0.05, "range_high": 0.4, "reasoning": "Despite its small, single-campus scale, this symposium has an unusually direct line to active, named Stanford faculty research programs across multiple aging-biology subfields (muscle rejuvenation, thymic regeneration, organ-specific aging clocks, memory/cognition), making it a genuinely research-substantive local convening rather than a pure networking event, with a startup pitch/investor layer bolted on." } ], "median_years": 0.2, "caveat": "Speculative estimate of field-acceleration value, not a measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "Baseline file lists Stanford, CA, Jan 15 2026 (1-day event, 1x/yr), matching search results. Co-organized by Michael Snyder and Ronjon Nag (R42 Institute) in collaboration with Longevity Global. Talk titles and named speakers are drawn directly from the event's luma.com registration page and ageotype.com (Michael Snyder's related 'agetype' research site), giving relatively high confidence in the specific discovery attributions listed above, though these reflect ongoing individual faculty research programs presented at the symposium rather than announcements exclusive to this event." }, { "slug": "taffd-s-international-longevity-summit-africa", "name": "TAFFD's International Longevity Summit Africa", "start": "2026-08-13", "end": "2026-08-15", "location": "Addis Ababa, Ethiopia", "region": "Africa", "regularity": "1x/yr", "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 21.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 20, "source_score_k3": 22, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output_proxy": { "notable_keynote_speakers": [ "Aubrey de Grey (LEV Foundation, President & CSO)", "Natasha Vita-More (Humanity+, Honorary President; transhumanist theorist)", "Osinakachi Akuma Kalu (TAFFD's Founder & Board Chair, summit convener)", "Nadine Hoosen (TAFFD's/Afrolongevity CSO, South African physician)", "Joel I. Osorio (World Academy of Medical Sciences Americas Division, Chairman)", "Jasmine Smith (Rejuve.AI, CEO)", "James Strole (People Unlimited/Coalition for Radical Life Extension, Co-founder)" ], "notes": "TAFFD's (Transdisciplinary Agora for Future Discussions) and its Afrolongevity initiative organize this event, themed around bridging global longevity science with African healthy-aging priorities and indigenous nutrition frameworks. Speaker roster is heavier on transhumanism/advocacy figures (de Grey, Vita-More, Strole) and policy/ethics voices than on mainstream peer-reviewed academic aging researchers; this reflects the summit's stated mission (bridging biology, ethics, and policy) rather than being a basic-science venue. It is, per our baseline data, the only major aging/longevity conference in Africa, giving it unique regional value regardless of academic depth." }, "genuine_discoveries_announced": [], "drug_discovery_proxy": { "notable_pipeline_announcements": [ "Rejuve.AI (Jasmine Smith) - decentralized AI network for healthspan/longevity data discussed" ], "notes": "No specific drug pipeline disclosures found tied to this event; content is oriented toward policy roadmaps, genomics/AI biomarkers, and regenerative therapeutics at a conceptual level." }, "funding_proxy": { "notable_attending_companies_total_funding_usd_m": null, "notes": "No well-funded biotech company attendance with confirmed funding figures identified; Rejuve.AI is a decentralized/crypto-adjacent AI health network without conventional VC funding data readily available." }, "llm_ensemble_field_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5", "estimate_years": 0.02, "range_low": 0, "range_high": 0.06, "reasoning": "As the only major aging/longevity conference in Africa (per our baseline data), this event has genuine unique regional-access value for a continent otherwise underserved by the longevity conference circuit, and its themes (indigenous nutrition frameworks, African policy roadmaps) represent original ground not covered elsewhere. However, the field-wide (global) acceleration effect is likely small given the advocacy/ethics-heavy speaker mix versus deep bench science, and limited evidence of concrete discoveries or funded pipeline outcomes tied to the event." } ], "median_years": 0.02, "caveat": "Speculative estimate of field-acceleration value, not a measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "Sourced via taffds.org (conference.taffds.org, longevitys.taffds.org) and secondary aggregators (10times.com, lifeboat.com bios). Note a date discrepancy: our baseline data lists next meeting Aug 13-15, 2026 in Addis Ababa, while search results describe the 2026 edition (themed 'From Biology to Society: Advancing Healthy Aging in Africa') as scheduled Nov 20-21, 2026 at Shaggar Institute of Technology, Addis Ababa. This is flagged as an open discrepancy rather than resolved by guessing; it's possible there were two distinct 2026 African TAFFD's events (a June 24-25 date also appears in one source) or the schedule shifted. TAFFD's is a transdisciplinary organization spanning transhumanism, bioethics, and African-focused Afrolongevity outreach; treat as a thin-to-moderate profile given the advocacy orientation of most listed speakers." }, { "slug": "animal-longevity-summit", "name": "Animal Longevity Summit", "start": "2026-10-01", "end": "2026-10-02", "location": "Toronto, Canada", "region": "North America", "regularity": "", "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 16.5, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 15, "source_score_k3": 18, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output_proxy": { "notable_keynote_speakers": [ "Matt Kaeberlein (Dog Aging Project co-founder, CEO of Optispan, University of Washington)", "Vera Gorbunova (University of Rochester, Rochester Aging Research Center)", "Aubrey de Grey (LEV Foundation)", "Elinor Karlsson (UMass Chan Medical School / Broad Institute vertebrate genomics)", "Joao Pedro de Magalhaes (University of Birmingham, Molecular Biogerontology)", "Noah Snyder-Mackler (Dog Aging Project / Arizona State University)" ], "notes": "Inaugural (2026) event; a genuinely research-heavy niche summit combining comparative/companion-animal aging academics (Kaeberlein, Gorbunova, Karlsson, de Magalhaes, Snyder-Mackler) with veterinary nutrition researchers (University of Guelph) and gene-therapy/biotech founders (Rejuvenate Bio, BioViva, Genflow Biosciences, Loopra Bio, Odacova Health)." }, "genuine_discoveries_announced": [ { "area": "Comparative Genomics of Long-Lived Species", "discovery": "Genflow Biosciences presented primary endpoint data from its SLAB (Sarcopenia and Longevity in Aged Beagles) SIRT6 gene therapy study at the 2026 summit", "year": "2026", "evidence_url": "https://www.directorstalkinterviews.com/genflow-biosciences-to-present-slab-study-data-at-animal-longevity-summit-2026/4121253987", "confidence": "medium" } ], "drug_discovery_proxy": { "notable_pipeline_announcements": [ "Genflow Biosciences - SIRT6 gene therapy (SLAB study, aged beagles, sarcopenia/longevity endpoints) presented at the summit", "Rejuvenate Bio (Noah Davidsohn, co-founder/CSO attending) - gene therapy for canine longevity/cardiac disease" ], "notes": "First-year event; pipeline announcements are modest in number but concrete (Genflow's beagle gene therapy data is a real, cited disclosure). Rejuvenate Bio and BioViva founders attending adds pipeline-adjacent presence without confirmed on-stage announcements found in this pass." }, "funding_proxy": { "notable_attending_companies_total_funding_usd_m": null, "notes": "Genflow Biosciences is publicly listed on London AIM/OTC (ticker GENF/GENFF) but company-level funding figure not pulled in this pass; Rejuvenate Bio and BioViva are private with no reliable aggregate funding figure found here." }, "llm_ensemble_field_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5", "estimate_years": 0.1, "range_low": 0.0, "range_high": 0.2, "reasoning": "Inaugural, narrow-niche (companion animal) event with a genuinely strong academic speaker roster and at least one concrete data disclosure (Genflow SLAB study); too new and too niche to have measurable field-wide acceleration yet, but fills a real gap (translational bridge between mouse/human aging research and companion animal trials, which several groups use as a faster translational proxy for human aging interventions)." } ], "median_years": 0.1, "caveat": "Speculative estimate of field-acceleration value, not a measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "Inaugural edition, Oct 1-2, 2026, ERA Event Venue, Oakville (Greater Toronto Area), matching baseline data/conferences file (Toronto, Canada; Oct 1-2 2026). Strong, verifiable speaker list from official site (animallongevitysummit.com) and press coverage of Genflow Biosciences' SLAB study presentation. As a first-year niche event, thin discovery/funding history is expected and stated explicitly rather than inferred." }, { "slug": "healthy-masters", "name": "Healthy Masters", "start": "2024 Nov", "end": "", "location": "Braga, Portugal", "region": "", "regularity": "1x/yr", "has_deep_research": true, "source_score": 11.0, "source_score_gpt6_astra": 10, "source_score_k3": 12, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus", "academic_output_proxy": { "notable_keynote_speakers": [ "Aubrey de Grey (President, LEV Foundation)", "Bill Andrews (CEO, Sierra Sciences; telomere researcher)", "Thomas J. Webster (nanotechnology and regenerative medicine researcher)", "Evelyne Yehudit Bischof (longevity medicine and oncology)", "Jose Luis Cordeiro (futurist, co-author of 'The Death of Death')" ], "notes": "Hybrid conference series organized under the creative direction of Dr. Nuno Martins (Hanu Ventures), hosted at the Melia Braga Hotel & Spa in Braga, Portugal. Speaker roster leans toward longevity/transhumanist advocacy and futurism (de Grey, Cordeiro) rather than mainstream academic geroscience; caliber is respectable within that advocacy niche but lighter on peer-reviewed academic heavyweights compared to ARDD or Cell Symposia." }, "genuine_discoveries_announced": [], "drug_discovery_proxy": { "notable_pipeline_announcements": [], "notes": "No specific drug-pipeline announcement identified as tied to this conference; focus is on education, ecosystem-building, and startup/investor networking (nanomedicine, gene therapy, stem cells, and AI-in-healthcare are discussion themes, not confirmed pipeline disclosures)." }, "funding_proxy": { "notable_attending_companies_total_funding_usd_m": null, "notes": "No aggregate attending-company funding figure identified; the organizing team (Hanu Ventures) launched a related, larger event ('Unicorn Summit,' Estoril/Lisbon) in 2025 aimed at deep-tech/biotech startup funding, suggesting an investor-relations orientation, but no specific funding total for Healthy Masters itself was found." }, "llm_ensemble_field_impact": { "estimates_years": [ { "model": "claude-sonnet-5", "estimate_years": 0.05, "range_low": 0.0, "range_high": 0.1, "reasoning": "A modest-scale, advocacy/education-oriented European longevity conference with a consistent multi-year run (2019-2024) but limited academic-discovery or pipeline-disclosure substance; primary value is public education and regional (Iberian) ecosystem-building rather than field-level scientific acceleration." } ], "median_years": 0.05, "caveat": "Speculative estimate of field-acceleration value, not a measured outcome." }, "researcher_notes": "Baseline file lists Braga, Portugal, Nov 2024 as the most recent confirmed edition, matching search results (2024 edition held Nov 2-3, 2024, Braga). No confirmed 2025 or 2026 edition was identified in this pass; the organizing team appears to have redirected effort toward a related but distinct event, the 'Unicorn Summit' (Estoril/Lisbon, launched summer 2025), which is broader in scope (deep-tech, neurotech, AI-driven biotech) than the original Healthy Masters format. History of editions: 2019 (Porto, inaugural), 2022-2024 (Braga). Flag for baseline update: this event's future cadence/continuation is uncertain as of this research pass. Sources: healthymasters.net, nunorbmartins.com, lifeboat.com news archive." }, { "slug": "ardd", "name": "ARDD", "start": null, "end": null, "location": null, "region": null, "regularity": null, "has_deep_research": false, "source_score": null, "source_score_gpt6_astra": null, "source_score_k3": null, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" }, { "slug": "transvision", "name": "TransVision", "start": null, "end": null, "location": null, "region": null, "regularity": null, "has_deep_research": false, "source_score": null, "source_score_gpt6_astra": null, "source_score_k3": null, "source_score_label": "GPT-6 Astra + K3 consensus" } ], "ecosystem_orgs": [ { "slug": "longevity-biotech-fellowship", "name": "Longevity Biotech Fellowship", "entity_type": "Community / Investor Network", "evidence_level": "Community", "tags": [ "Community / Platform", "Investor / VC", "Diagnostics & Biomarkers", "Gene Therapies", "Senolytics", "Cellular Reprogramming" ], "profile_url": "https://www.longbiofellowship.org", "source": "joinlongevity.org" }, { "slug": "vitalism", "name": "Vitalism", "entity_type": "Community / Platform", "evidence_level": "Community", "tags": [ "Community / Platform", "Metabolic Health" ], "profile_url": "https://www.vitalism.io", "source": "joinlongevity.org" }, { "slug": "lifespan-io", "name": "Lifespan.io", "entity_type": "News & Research Institute", "evidence_level": "Published Research", "tags": [ "News", "Damage Repair (SENS)", "Cellular Reprogramming", "Gene Therapies" ], "profile_url": "https://www.lifespan.io", "source": "joinlongevity.org" }, { "slug": "longevity-technology", "name": "Longevity.Technology", "entity_type": "News & Investment Platform", "evidence_level": "Published Research", "tags": [ "News", "Diagnostics & Biomarkers", "Gene Therapies", "Senolytics", "Cellular Reprogramming" ], "profile_url": "https://longevity.technology", "source": "joinlongevity.org" } ], "areas_taxonomy": null }